Introduction to quantitative research methods: an investigative approach
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Sage
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 257 S. Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 CD-ROM |
| ISBN: | 0761968032 0761968040 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Introduction to quantitative research methods
Autor: Balnaves, Mark
Jahr: 2001
Contents
Acknowledgements xiii
Permissions xiv
1 Order at all Points: Counting and accounting 1
The Ql-Qt Continuum 1
Culture and the Reliability of Data 5
References 8
2 Starting the Inquiry: But what happened then? 10
Knowing What to Research 16
Exploration, Description and Explanation 16
Topics of Research 20
Knowing Whom to Research 21
Units of Analysis 21
Knowing How to Research 22
Literature Review 22
Secondary Analysis 25
Knowing When to Research 25
The Importance of Time 25
Research design 27
Summary 27
The Statistical Inquirer 29
Main Points 29
Review Exercises 30
References 31
3 Defining the Inquiry: Then how do you know? 33
Tools of Methodology 34
Styles of Reasoning (deduction, induction and abduction) 36
Causality 40
Mapping Relationships 41
Tools of Measurement 44
What are Variables? 45
Operational Definitions 48
Contemporary Views on Measurement 50
Great Sociological Detective Stories:
Collecting Data Across Cultures: Can we measure cultural Variation?
Culture s Consequences (Geert Hofstede) 51
Methodology and Theory 52
Method 53
Hypotheses and Operationalization 53
CONTENTS
Variables 55
Individualism and Masculinity 55
Power Distance 56
Uncertainty Avoidance 57
Summary 59
Main Points 61
Review Exercises 61
References 62
4 Methods of Inquiry: lt is a capital mistake to theorize before one
has data! 64
Involvement and Method 65
Experimental Design 67
Different Types of Experimental Design 74
Survey Design 75
What is a Survey? 76
The Variable in Question 77
Nominal Variables/Questions 77
Ordinal Variables/Questions 78
Interval Variables/Questions 78
Ratio Variables/Questions 79
Multiple-Item Scales 79
Differential Scales 79
Cumulative Scales 80
Summative Scales 80
The Words in the Question 81
Administering the Questionnaire 84
Layout 84
Length of Questionnaire 85
Interview as Measurement 86
Validity 87
External Validity and Sampling 90
Population and Sampling Frame 91
Simple Random Sampling 91
Stratified Random Sampling 92
Multi-Stage Cluster Sampling 92
Sample Size 93
Non-Probability Sampling 95
Trade-Offs 95
Triangulation 95
Great Media and Politics Detective Stories:
Using Survey Data. Do media change people s political attitudes?
The People s Choice (Paul Lazarsfeld) 96
Methodology and Theory 97
Method 98
Hypotheses and Operationalization 98
Variables 100
CONTENTS
Summary 103
Main Points 105
Review Exercises 106
References 106
5 Data! Data! Data! : Analysing data from the inquiry 109
Looking at the Clues: The Statistical Sleuth 109
Why Explore Data? 110
Plotting Data 110
Stern and Leaf Displays 110
Example 5.1: Stern and leaf display 111
Histograms 113
Boxplots 115
Tables, Graphs and Figures 118
Does a Picture Always Paint a Thousand Words? Some issues with
representing data in graphical and tabular form 120
Using SPSS and Excel to Plot Data: Accounting for Tastes dataset 122
Methodology and Operationalization 123
Working with SPSS 124
Working with Excel 131
Describing Data 132
Numerical Summaries: What are they and why are they important? 132
Describing Location or Centrality 133
Some Notation 133
Example 5.2: Calculating the median of odd and even
numbered distributions 134
Mean vs Median (When is the evidence not contaminated?) 134
Describing Variability 135
Example 5.3: Calculating the variance of a set of values 137
Using SPSS and Excel to Describe Data 138
Working with SPSS 138
Working with Excel 140
Summary 142
Main Points 143
Review Exercises 144
References 145
6 Finding Answers from the Inquiry: Elementary, my dear Watson! 147
Looking at Bivariate Data, Correlation and Regression 149
Plotting Bivariate Data 149
Correlation: a Measure of Co-Relation 151
Example 6.1: Computing the correlation coefficient 154
Introduction to Simple Linear Regression 156
Prediction and Correlation 156
Method of Least Squares 157
Example 6.2: Finding the regression line 159
Assessing the Fit of the Regression Model 160
Issue of Causation 161
CONTENTS
Using SPSS: Correlation and Regression 163
Using Excel 168
Looking at Categorical Data 171
Exploring Bivariate Categorical Data 171
Example 6.3: Computing the contingency coefficient 174
Inference: From Samples to Populations 175
Parameters, Estimates and Statistics 176
Sampling Distributions 177
Hypothesis Testing - Don tjust show me the evidence, conv/nce me
rhar it is so! 180
One-Sample Tests 180
One-Sample Test for Categorical Data 183
Two-Sample Tests 185
Test of Equality of Means for Independent Samples 185
Example 6.4: t-test for independent samples 186
Rank Test for Independent Samples 189
Example 6.5: Rank test for two independent groups 190
Tests for Categorical Data 191
Tests for Related Samples 193
Rank Test for Correlated or Related Samples 195
Using SPSS and Excel: One-Sample Tests 196
Using SPSS and Excel: Two-Sample Tests 201
Introduction to Randomization Tests 211
Great Social Biology Detective Stories: We must hunt for cases 213
Is There An Ideal Person?: Quetelet, Galton, Pearson 214
Does a General Intelligence Factor Exist?:
Spearman and the introduction of correlation 215
Is There a Genetic Component to Intelligence?
Did Burt clone the data? - data ain t always data!! 217
Are Social Factors More Important than Individual Indinations?
Durkheim s study on suicide (The use of secondary data) 218
Summary 223
Main Points 224
Review Exercises 225
References 227
7 Summarizing and Presenting Results: Quite so! 229
Reporting Empirical Research 232
Writing Style, Narrative Style 234
Detection and Deception 235
References 236
Appendix I: Sample Letter for Informed Consent 237
Appendix II: BSA Statement of Ethical Practice 239
Appendix III: The Statistical Inquirer 246
Index 249
|
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| isbn | 0761968032 0761968040 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 257 S. Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 CD-ROM |
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| spelling | Balnaves, Mark Verfasser aut Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach Mark Balnaves ; Peter Caputi London [u.a.] Sage 2001 XII, 257 S. Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 CD-ROM txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Quantitative Methode swd Sciences sociales - Méthodes statistiques ram Sciences sociales - Recherche - Méthodologie ram Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek gtt Sozialwissenschaften swd Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Methodology Social sciences Statistical methods Caputi, Peter Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009386898&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Balnaves, Mark Caputi, Peter Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Quantitative Methode swd Sciences sociales - Méthodes statistiques ram Sciences sociales - Recherche - Méthodologie ram Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek gtt Sozialwissenschaften swd Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Methodology Social sciences Statistical methods |
| title | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach |
| title_auth | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach |
| title_full | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach Mark Balnaves ; Peter Caputi |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach Mark Balnaves ; Peter Caputi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach Mark Balnaves ; Peter Caputi |
| title_short | Introduction to quantitative research methods |
| title_sort | introduction to quantitative research methods an investigative approach |
| title_sub | an investigative approach |
| topic | Kwantitatieve methoden gtt Quantitative Methode swd Sciences sociales - Méthodes statistiques ram Sciences sociales - Recherche - Méthodologie ram Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek gtt Sozialwissenschaften swd Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Methodology Social sciences Statistical methods |
| topic_facet | Kwantitatieve methoden Quantitative Methode Sciences sociales - Méthodes statistiques Sciences sociales - Recherche - Méthodologie Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Methodology Social sciences Statistical methods |
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