Ocean circulation and climate: observing and modelling the global ocean
Meereszirkulation und Klima: "Beobachtungen und Modellierung der Weltmeere" stellt die Erkenntnisse führender Wissenschaftler über das Wissen von der Weltmeereszirkulation nach Abschluss der Untersuchungsphase des "World Ocean Circulation Experiments (WOCE)" dar. WOCEs physikalis...
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Format: | Buch |
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Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego
Acad. Press
2001
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Schriftenreihe: | International geophysics series
77 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Meereszirkulation und Klima: "Beobachtungen und Modellierung der Weltmeere" stellt die Erkenntnisse führender Wissenschaftler über das Wissen von der Weltmeereszirkulation nach Abschluss der Untersuchungsphase des "World Ocean Circulation Experiments (WOCE)" dar. WOCEs physikalische und chemische Messungen verbunden mit Satellitenhöhenmessungen haben eine Datenmenge von noch nie dagewesener Bandbreite und Genauigkeit geschaffen. Diese Datenmenge schafft die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Meereszirkulationsmodellen und kombinierten Meeres-Atmosphären-Zirkulationsmodellen, welche dem Verständnis von Meeresschwankungen und Klimaschwankungen dienen und Klimaänderungen projizieren. Das Buch führt durch die Analyse, Auslegung, Modellierung und Synthese dieser Daten. (MOD). |
Beschreibung: | XIX, 715 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 0126413517 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ocean circulation and climate |b observing and modelling the global ocean |c ed. by Gerold Siedler, ... |
264 | 1 | |a San Diego |b Acad. Press |c 2001 | |
300 | |a XIX, 715 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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490 | 1 | |a International geophysics series |v 77 | |
520 | 8 | |a Meereszirkulation und Klima: "Beobachtungen und Modellierung der Weltmeere" stellt die Erkenntnisse führender Wissenschaftler über das Wissen von der Weltmeereszirkulation nach Abschluss der Untersuchungsphase des "World Ocean Circulation Experiments (WOCE)" dar. WOCEs physikalische und chemische Messungen verbunden mit Satellitenhöhenmessungen haben eine Datenmenge von noch nie dagewesener Bandbreite und Genauigkeit geschaffen. Diese Datenmenge schafft die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Meereszirkulationsmodellen und kombinierten Meeres-Atmosphären-Zirkulationsmodellen, welche dem Verständnis von Meeresschwankungen und Klimaschwankungen dienen und Klimaänderungen projizieren. Das Buch führt durch die Analyse, Auslegung, Modellierung und Synthese dieser Daten. (MOD). | |
650 | 4 | |a Mathematisches Modell | |
650 | 4 | |a Marine meteorology | |
650 | 4 | |a Marine meteorology |x Mathematical models | |
650 | 4 | |a Ocean circulation | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: Ocean circulation and climate
Autor: Siedler, Gerold
Jahr: 2001
Contents
Contributors xiii
Foreword xvii
Preface xviii
Acknowledgment xx
Section 1: The Ocean and Climate
Section 1 plates appear between pages 44 and 45
1.1 Climate and Oceans 3
Hartmut Grassi
1.1.1 WOCE and the World Climate Research Programme 3
1.1.2 The scientific approach to the complex climate system 4
1.1.3 Ocean-atmosphere interaction and climate 5
1.1.4 Rapid changes related to the oceans 6
1.1.5 Cryosphere and the oceans 7
1.1.6 Anthropogenic climate change and the oceans 7
1.1.7 Future climate research and ocean observing systems 8
1.2 Ocean Processes and Climate Phenomena 11
Allyn Clarke, John Church and John Gould
1.2.1 A global perspective 11
1.2.2 Air-sea fluxes 12
1.2.3 Ocean storage of heat and fresh water 17
1.2.4 Ocean circulation 17
1.2.5 Ocean transport of heat, fresh water and carbon 23
1.2.6 Climatic and oceanic variability 24
1.2.7 Impacts of ocean climate 27
1.2.8 Conclusion 30
1.3 The Origins, Development and Conduct of WOCE 31
B.J. Thompson, J. Crease and John Gould
1.3.1 Introduction 31
1.3.2 Large-scale oceanography in the 1960s and 1970s 31
1.3.3 Ocean research and climate 32
1.3.4 Implementation of WOCE (SSG initiatives) 36
1.3.5 Implementation and oversight 41
1.3.6 Was WOCE a success and what is its legacy? 43
Section 2: Observations and Models
Section 2 plates appear between pages 76 and 77
2.1 Global Problems and Global Observations 47
Carl Wunsch
2.1.1 Different views of the ocean 47
2.1.2 The origins of WOCE 48
2.1.3 What do we know? 51
2.1.4 The need for global-scale observations 52
2.1.5 Where do we go from here? 56
2.2 High-Resolution Modelling of the Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulation 59
ChiusW. Boning and Albert J. Semtner
2.2.1 The improving realism of ocean models 59
2.2.2 Historical perspective 60
2.2.3 Basic model design considerations: equilibrium versus non-equilibrium solutions 62
2.2.4 Examples of model behaviour in different dynamical regimes 64
2.2.5 Concluding remarks 77
2.3 Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models 79
Richard A. Wood and Frank O. Bryan
2.3.1 Why coupled models? 79
2.3.2 Formulation of coupled models 79
2.3.3 Model drift and flux adjustment 84
2.3.4 Initialization of coupled models 86
2.3.5 Coupled model simulation of present and past climates 87
2.3.6 Coupled model simulation of future climates 93
2.3.7 Climate models, WOCE and future observations 94
2.3.8 Summary and future developments 95
Section 3: New Ways of Observing the Ocean
Section 3 plates appear between pages 172 and 173
3.1 Shipboard Observations during WOCE 99
ß. A. King, E. Firing and T. M. Joyce
3.1.1 The role of hydrographie measurements 99
3.1.2 CTD and sample measurements 102
3.1.3 Current measurements in the shipboard hydrographie programme 111
3.1.4 Shipboard meteorology 120
3.1.5 Summary and conclusions 121
3.2 Subsurface Lagrangian Observations during the 1990s 123
Russ E. Davis and Walter Zenk
3.2.1 Determining currents in the ocean 123
3.2.2 Historical aspects: Stommel s vision to the WOCE Float Programme 123
3.2.3 The WOCE Float Programme 127
3.2.4 WOCE float observations 129
3.2.5 The future 137
3.3 Ocean Circulation and Variability from Satellite Altimetry 141
Lee-Lueng Fu
3.3.1 Altimeter observations 141
3.3.2 The ocean general circulation 143
33. j Large-scale sea-level variability 148
3.3.4 Currents and eddies 162
3.3.5 Concluding discussions 170
3.4 Air-Sea Fluxes from Satellite Data 173
W. Timothy Liu and Kristina B. Katsaros
3.4.1 Forcing the ocean 173
3.4.2 Bulk parameterization 173
3.4.3 Wind forcing 174
3.4.4 Thermal forcing 177
3.4.5 Hydrologie forcing 179
3.4.6 Future prospects 179
3.5 Developing the WOCE Global Data System 181
Eric J. Lindstrom and David M. Legier
3.5.1 Organization and planning for WOCE data systems 181
3.5.2 Elements of the WOCE Data System 185
3.5.3 The WOCE Global Data Set and future developments 189
Section 4: The Global Flow Field
Section 4 plates appear between pages 300 and 301
4.1 The World Ocean Surface Circulation 193
Peter Niiler
4.1.1 Background 193
4.1.2 Methodology 195
4.1.3 The global mean velocity and velocity variance 198
4.1.4 The wind-driven Ekman currents 201
4.1.5 Future global circulation observations 203
4.2 The Interior Circulation of the Ocean 205
D. /. Webb and N. Suginobara
4.2.1 Processes in the ocean interior 205
4.2.2 Observational evidence 206
4.2.3 Theory of gyre-scale circulation 209
4.2.4 The abyssal circulation 21 1
4.2.5 Conclusions 213
4.3 The Tropical Ocean Circulation 215
J.S. Godfrey, G. C. Johnson, M.j. McPhaden, G. Reverdin and Susan E. Wijffels
4.3.1 Flow and water mass transformation patterns 215
4.3.2 Equatorial phenomena in the Pacific Ocean 216
4.3.3 Equatorial Atlantic 226
4.3.4 Near-equatorial circulation in the Indian Ocean 233
4.3.5 Overall conclusions 245
4.4 Tropical-Extratropical Oceanic Exchange Pathways 247
Zhengyn Liu and S. G. H. Philander
4.4.1 The role of diffusion and advection 24~
4.4.2 Tropical-subtropical exchanges of thermocline waters 248
4.4.3 Tropical-subpolar exchange of Intermediate Waters 252
4.4.4 Summary and further issues 254
4.5 Quantification of the Deep Circulation 259
Nelson G. Hogg
4.5.1 Deep circulation in the framework of WOCE 259
4.5.2 Deep Western Boundary Currents 260
4.5.3 The interior: The Deep Basin Experiment 266
4.5.4 Summary 269
4.6 The Antarctic Circumpolar Current System 271
Stephen R. Rintoul, Chris W. Hughes and Dirk Olbers
4.6.1 Flow in the zonally unbounded ocean 271
4.6.2 Observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current 274
4.6.3 Dynamics of the ACC 280
4.6.4 Water mass formation and conversion 291
4.6.5 The Southern Ocean and the global overturning circulations 296
4.6.6 Conclusions 300
4.7 Interocean Exchange 303
Arnold L. Gordon
4.7.1 Interocean links 303
4.7.2 Bering Strait 306
4.7.3 Indonesian Seas 307
4.7.4 The Agulhas Retroflection 310
4.7.5 Discussion 313
Section 5: Formation and Transport of Water Masses
Section 5 plates appear between pages 428 and 429
5.1 Ocean Surface Water Mass Transformation 317
William G. Large and A.J. George Nurser
5.1.1 The problem 317
5.1.2 Theory of surface water mass transformation 318
5.1.3 Ocean surface temperature, salinity and density 321
5.1.4 Surface fluxes of heat, fresh water and density 326
5.1.5 Surface water mass transformation and formation 332
5.1.6 Summary 335
5.2 Mixing and Stirring in the Ocean Interior 337
John M. Toole and Trevor J. McDougall
5.2.1 Scales of mixing and stirring 337
5.2.2 Background 338
5.2.3 The Temporal-Residual-Mean circulation 340
5.2.4 Lateral dispersion between the mesoscale and the microscale 345
5.2.5 Diapycnal mixing in and above the main thermocline 346
5.2.6 Mixing in the abyss 352
5.2.7 Discussion 354
5.3 Subduction 357
James F. Price
5.3.1 A little of the background on oceanic subduction 357
5.3.2 Surface-layer dynamics and thermodynamics of the subduction process 360
5.3.3 Development of steady, continuous models: Application to
numerical model analysis and observations 361
5.3.4 Transient response of the thermocline to decadal variability 365
5.3.5 Summary and outlook 370
5.4 Mode Waters 373
Kimio Hanawa and Lynne D. Talley
5.4.1 Ventilation and mode water generation 373
5.4.2 Definition, detection and general characteristics of mode waters 374
5.4.3 Geographical distribution of mixed-layer depth and mode waters in the world s oceans 376
5.4.4 Temporal variability of mode water properties and distribution 384
5.4.5 Summary 386
5.5 Deep Convection 387
John Lazier, Robert Pickart and Peter Rhines
5.5.1 Convection and spreading 387
5.5.2 Plumes - the mixing agent 391
5.5.3 Temperature and salinity variability 393
5.5.4 Restratification 396
5.5.5 Summary and discussion 398
5.6 The Dense Northern Overflows 401
Peter M. Saunders
5.6.1 The sources 401
5.6.2 Overflow paths 402
5.6.3 Observed transport means and variability 404
5.6.4 Processes in the overflows 411
5.6.5 Analytical models of the overflow 412
5.6.6 Numerical models of the overflow 414
5.6.7 Overflow variability 416
5.6.8 What have we learnt in WOCE? 416
5.7 Mediterranean Water and Global Circulation 419
Julio Candela
5.7.1 Marginal seas 419
5.7.2 Formation of Mediterranean Water 421
5.7.3 Outflow of Mediterranean Water at the Strait of Gibraltar 422
5.7.4 The effect of Mediterranean Water outflow on the circulation of the
North Atlantic and the World Oceans 427
5.8 Transformation and Age of Water Masses 431
P. Schlosser, J. L. Bullister, R. Fine, W.J.Jenkins, R. Key, J. Lupton,
W. Roether and W. M. Smethte, Jr
5.8.1 Background 431
5.8.2 Tracer methodology and techniques 432
5.8.3 Exemplary results 433
5.8.4 Outlook 450
Section 6: Large-Scale Ocean Transports
Section 6 plates appear between pages 492 and 493
6.1 Ocean Heat Transport 455
Harry L. Bryden and Shiro hnawaki
6.1.1 The global heat balance 455
6.1.2 Bulk formula estimates of ocean heat transport 456
6.1.3 Residual method estimates of ocean heat transport 458
6.1.4 Direct estimates of ocean heat transport 459
6.1.5 Discussion 466
6.1.6 Challenges 470
6.1.7 Summary 473
6.1.8 Outlook for direct estimates of ocean heat transport 474
6.2 Ocean Transport of Fresh Water 475
Susan E. Wijffels
6.2.1 The importance of freshwater transport 475
6.2.2 Indirect estimates of oceanic freshwater transport 475
6.2.3 Impacts of uncertainties on model development 476
6.2.4 Direct ocean estimates of freshwater transport 478
6.2.5 Comparison of direct and indirect flux estimates 483
6.2.6 Mechanisms of oceanic freshwater transport 486
6.2.7 Global budgets 487
6.2.8 Summary 488
6.3 Storage and Transport of Excess CO2 in the Oceans: The JGOFS/WOCE
Global CO2 Survey 489
Douglas W. R. Wallace
6.3.1 Introduction 489
6.3.2 Background 489
6.3.3 The JGOFS/WOCE Global CO2 Survey 495
6.3.4 Synthesis of Global CO2 Survey data: Review 503
6.3.5 Conclusions and outlook 520
Section 7: Insights for the Future
Section 7 plates appear between pages 588 and 589
7.1 Towards a WOCE Synthesis 525
I.ynne D. Talley, Detlef Stammer and Ichiro Fukumori
7.1.1 Exploiting the WOCE data set 525
7.1.2 Data-based analyses 526
7.1.3 Model evaluation and development 535
7.1.4 Ocean state estimation 535
7.1.5 Summary and outlook 542
7.2 Numerical Ocean Circulation Modelling: Present Status and Future Directions 547
J. Willebrand and D. B. Haidvogel
7.2.1 Remarks on the history of ocean modelling 547
7.2.2 Space-time scales of ocean processes and models 548
7.2.3 Modelling issues 549
7.2.4 Atmospheric forcing and coupling 553
7.2.5 Organization of model development 554
7.2.6 Concluding remarks 556
7.3 The World during WOCE 557
Bob Dickson, Jim Hitrrell, Nathan Bindoff, Annie Wong, Brian Arbic,
Breck Owens, Sbiro hnawaki and Igor Yashayaev
7.3.1 Assessing the representativeness of the WOCE data set 557
3.2
The state of the atmosphere during WOCE
7.3.j The analysis of decadal change in intermediate water masses of the World Ocean 563
7.3.4 Climatic warming of Atlantic Intermediate Waters 565
7.3.5 Spin-up of the North Atlantic gyre circulation 567
7.3.6 Altered patterns of exchange in Nordic Seas 569
7.3.7 System-wide changes in the Arctic Ocean 571
7.3.8 Interdecadal variability of Kuroshio transport 573
7.3.9 Evidence of water mass changes in the Pacific and Indian Oceans 576
7.3.10 Summary and Conclusions 580
7.4 Ocean and Climate Prediction - the WOCE Legacy 585
Neville Smith
7.4.1 The long-term context 585
7.4.2 Building from WOCE 588
7.4.3 WOCE observations 589
7.4.4 WOCE and climate prediction 592
7.4.5 The mean state and long-term change 595
7.4.6 Ocean variability and prediction: GODAE 597
7.4.7 Institutionalizing the benefits of WOCE 600
7.4.8 Conclusions 601
References 603
Acronyms, abbreviations and terms 686
Index 693
|
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discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
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WOCEs physikalische und chemische Messungen verbunden mit Satellitenhöhenmessungen haben eine Datenmenge von noch nie dagewesener Bandbreite und Genauigkeit geschaffen. Diese Datenmenge schafft die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Meereszirkulationsmodellen und kombinierten Meeres-Atmosphären-Zirkulationsmodellen, welche dem Verständnis von Meeresschwankungen und Klimaschwankungen dienen und Klimaänderungen projizieren. Das Buch führt durch die Analyse, Auslegung, Modellierung und Synthese dieser Daten. 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genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
id | DE-604.BV013732336 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:51:00Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0126413517 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009385368 |
oclc_num | 248627388 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-739 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 DE-M100 |
owner_facet | DE-739 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 DE-M100 |
physical | XIX, 715 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
publishDate | 2001 |
publishDateSearch | 2001 |
publishDateSort | 2001 |
publisher | Acad. Press |
record_format | marc |
series | International geophysics series |
series2 | International geophysics series |
spelling | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean ed. by Gerold Siedler, ... San Diego Acad. Press 2001 XIX, 715 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International geophysics series 77 Meereszirkulation und Klima: "Beobachtungen und Modellierung der Weltmeere" stellt die Erkenntnisse führender Wissenschaftler über das Wissen von der Weltmeereszirkulation nach Abschluss der Untersuchungsphase des "World Ocean Circulation Experiments (WOCE)" dar. WOCEs physikalische und chemische Messungen verbunden mit Satellitenhöhenmessungen haben eine Datenmenge von noch nie dagewesener Bandbreite und Genauigkeit geschaffen. Diese Datenmenge schafft die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Meereszirkulationsmodellen und kombinierten Meeres-Atmosphären-Zirkulationsmodellen, welche dem Verständnis von Meeresschwankungen und Klimaschwankungen dienen und Klimaänderungen projizieren. Das Buch führt durch die Analyse, Auslegung, Modellierung und Synthese dieser Daten. (MOD). Mathematisches Modell Marine meteorology Marine meteorology Mathematical models Ocean circulation Ocean circulation Mathematical models Meeresströmung (DE-588)4130725-2 gnd rswk-swf Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Seeklima (DE-588)4261533-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Meeresströmung (DE-588)4130725-2 s Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s DE-604 Seeklima (DE-588)4261533-1 s Siedler, Gerold Sonstige (DE-588)140164235 oth International geophysics series 77 (DE-604)BV000005107 77 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009385368&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean International geophysics series Mathematisches Modell Marine meteorology Marine meteorology Mathematical models Ocean circulation Ocean circulation Mathematical models Meeresströmung (DE-588)4130725-2 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Seeklima (DE-588)4261533-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4130725-2 (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4261533-1 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean |
title_auth | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean |
title_exact_search | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean |
title_full | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean ed. by Gerold Siedler, ... |
title_fullStr | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean ed. by Gerold Siedler, ... |
title_full_unstemmed | Ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean ed. by Gerold Siedler, ... |
title_short | Ocean circulation and climate |
title_sort | ocean circulation and climate observing and modelling the global ocean |
title_sub | observing and modelling the global ocean |
topic | Mathematisches Modell Marine meteorology Marine meteorology Mathematical models Ocean circulation Ocean circulation Mathematical models Meeresströmung (DE-588)4130725-2 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd Seeklima (DE-588)4261533-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Marine meteorology Marine meteorology Mathematical models Ocean circulation Ocean circulation Mathematical models Meeresströmung Klima Seeklima Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009385368&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005107 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT siedlergerold oceancirculationandclimateobservingandmodellingtheglobalocean |