HIV, AIDS 2000:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Infectious disease clinics of North America
14,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII S., S. 791 - 1032 Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a HIV, AIDS 2000 |c Kenneth H. Mayer, guest ed. |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Infectious disease clinics of North America |v 14,4 | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Infections à VIH - Épidémiologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) |z Africa | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |x epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |x prevention & control | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |x epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |x prevention & control | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a HIV-Infektion |0 (DE-588)4203852-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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CONTENTS
Preface xi
Kenneth H. Mayer
Global Dimensions of the AIDS Epidemic: Implications
for Prevention and Care 791
Julia M. Dayton and Michael H. Merson
Although advances in treatment have dramatically changed the
face of the AIDS epidemic in industrialized countries, most peo¬
ple living with HIV reside in developing countries and have not
yet benefited from them. In developing countries, the spread of
the epidemic is influenced by biologic, behavioral, economic, and
social factors, with the impact of these variables varying across
regions and countries. For prevention, the behavioral interven¬
tions shown to be effective are those targeted to populations at
high risk, particularly female sex workers and their clients and
voluntary counseling and testing programs directed at discordant
couples. The most effective preventive medical intervention is the
treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. The highest priority
medical care for people with HIV in developing countries is the
prevention and care of opportunistic infections.
Natural History of HIV 1 Infection 809
Emanuel N. Vergis and John W. Mellors
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1)
results in progressive loss of immune function marked by deple¬
tion of the CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to opportunistic infec¬
tions and malignancies characteristic of AIDS. Although both host
and viral determinants influence the rate of disease progression,
the median time from initial infection to the development of
AIDS among untreated patients ranges from 8 to 10 years. The
clinical staging of HIV disease and the relative risk of developing
fNi iicnouy iTiSKAfac cunicjujp Noxm amerra
VOLUME 14 • NUMBER 4 • DECEMBER 2000 V
opportunistic infections historically relied on the CD4+ T lym
phocyte counts. Although more recent studies have shown the
importance of viral load quantitation in determining the rate of
disease progression, it is still useful to categorize HIV disease
stage on the basis of the degree of immunodeficiency: early dis¬
ease (CD4+ 500 cells /mL), mid stage disease (CD4 + between
200 and 500 cells/mL), and end stage disease (CD4+ 50 cell/
mL). This article reviews the natural history of HIV disease at
each stage of HIV 1 infection with emphasis on acute infection
and the major virologic and immunologic determinants of disease
progression.
Antiretroviral Therapy in the Year 2000 827
Karen T. Tashima and Timothy P. Flanigan
Advances in HIV treatment have led to a significant decline
in AIDS related morbidity and mortality. Guidelines have been
developed to assist clinicians in choosing combination therapy
for individual patients and the monitoring of patients progress
through HIV KNA plasma levels and CD4 counts. Recognizing
the difficulties of lifelong adherence to complex regimens, studies
now focus on simplifying medication schedules and understand¬
ing complications of therapy such as drug interactions and long
term side effects. Pivotal trials, investigational agents, once daily
therapy, and directly observed therapy are also discussed.
The Management of the Clinical Complications of
Antiretroviral Therapy 851
Molly S. Stenzel and Charles C. J. Carpenter
In clinical practice, combination antiretroviral therapy is fre¬
quently complicated by adverse reactions and drug related toxici
ties. The incidence, presentation, differential diagnosis, and man¬
agement of the most frequent and severe of these complications
are discussed. The recently described spectrum of metabolic com¬
plications, including hyperlipidemia, fat redistribution, and lactic
acidosis, are covered in detail. The management of nephrotoxicity,
pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy,
and hypersensitivity reactions related to antiretroviral therapy is
also discussed.
Clinical Monitoring of HIV 1 Infection in the Era of
Antiretroviral Resistance Testing 879
Nicholas Kartsonis and Richard T. D Aquila
The advent of ultrasensitive viral load assays and combination
antiretroviral therapy has led to the precise monitoring and effec¬
tive treatment of HIV 1 infected patients. Despite these successes,
patients fail antiretroviral therapy for several reasons, including
the development of antiretroviral resistance. Although the mecha¬
nisms surrounding antiretroviral resistance are complex, several
vi CONTENTS
different genotypic and phenotypic assays have been developed
within the last decade to rapidly assess for resistance. This article
focuses on these various resistance assays, with emphasis on
potential roles and scientific data supporting their use in the
clinical arena.
Progress in HIV Therapeutics and the Challenges of
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy 901
Laurie Andrews and Gerald Friedland
The benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy have been
blunted and limited by difficulties in access and adherence to
therapy. No other infectious disease has required life long ther¬
apy. Interventions and strategies to improve adherence to therapy
are under study and currently available for use in clinical care
settings. Clinicians caring for people with HIV should incorporate
these into clinical care to ensure full therapeutic benefit.
Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections 929
Woraphot Tantisiriwat and William G. Powderly
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the hallmark of the immunode¬
ficiency associated with HIV infections. In the mid 1990s, wide¬
spread use of prophylaxis strategies improved the morbidity and
mortality of AIDS, and the guidelines for the prevention of most
infections have been promulgated. More recently, with the intro¬
duction of potent antiretroviral therapy, there has been a dramatic
change in clinical outcome of many OIs such that antiretroviral
therapy should be regarded as standard treatment for any OI.
In addition, the immune reconstitution that follows successful
inhibition of HIV replication raises the question of withdrawal of
specific antimicrobial prophylaxis. In fact, diseases that pre¬
viously required lifelong maintenance therapy may be potentially
curable with effective antiretroviral therapy. In this article, the
authors update clinicians on the current state of the art of prophy¬
laxis of OIs in the era of potent treatment for HIV.
AIDS Oncology 945
Paula G. O Connor and David T. Scadden
Kaposi s sarcoma, non Hodgkin s lymphoma, Hodgkin s disease,
and squamous cell carcinoma are among the malignancies seen
with increased frequency in patients infected with HIV. The out¬
look for patients with these malignancies has improved signifi¬
cantly with the utilization of highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) and more aggressive cytotoxic therapies. Novel biologic
therapies with lesser side effects are currently being evaluated.
This article reviews the current knowledge about HIV malignan¬
cies, their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
and treatment.
CONTENTS vii
Primary Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDS 967
Valerie E. Stone
HIV /AIDS is a chronic disease that affects multiple organ sys¬
tems. Its treatment is complex and may be accompanied by short
or long term toxicities. For this reason, comprehensive primary
care is essential to the optimal treatment, health promotion, and
prevention of complications in people living with HIV /AIDS.
This primary care can be provided by a clinician specializing in
HIV care or by a primary care physician. In all cases, the primary
care of the patient with HIV/AIDS should consist of the following
key components: comprehensive initial evaluation, antiretroviral
therapy, prophylaxis to prevent opportunistic infections, manage¬
ment of co morbid medical problems, including mental illness
and substance abuse, and finally, optimizing access to care and
needed medications. A comprehensive and coordinated approach
to the primary care management of patients with HIV is provided
and discussed.
Biologic Approaches to the Prevention of Sexual
Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 983
Michael E. Blocker and Myron S. Cohen
Human immunodeficiency virus is a leading cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide. Currently, no curative therapy exists;
therefore, prevention is the best method to control the epidemic.
Sexual contact is the most common route of transmission of HIV.
This article reviews several strategies for prevention of sexual
transmission of HIV. It focuses on vaccine development, antiret¬
roviral therapy, and microbicides.
HIV Vaccines for Prevention of Infection and
Disease in Humans 1001
Raphael Dolin
Multiple HIV 1 vaccine candidates have undergone phase I trials
in HIV seronegative volunteers. Recombinant envelope subunits
(rgp 120) and canarypox live vector constructs have undergone
the most extensive study, including phase II studies in subjects at
higher risk for acquisition of HIV 1 infection. The vaccine candi¬
dates have been generally well tolerated. The humoral and cell
mediated immune responses that have been generated are re¬
viewed in this article.
Cumulative Index 2000 1017
Subscription Information Inside back cover
Viii CONTENTS
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| spelling | HIV, AIDS 2000 Kenneth H. Mayer, guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 2000 XII S., S. 791 - 1032 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Infectious disease clinics of North America 14,4 Infections à VIH - Épidémiologie AIDS (Disease) AIDS (Disease) Africa AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections prevention & control Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 s DE-604 Mayer, Kenneth H. Sonstige (DE-588)14356613X oth Infectious disease clinics of North America 14,4 (DE-604)BV000841738 14,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009341823&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | HIV, AIDS 2000 Infectious disease clinics of North America Infections à VIH - Épidémiologie AIDS (Disease) AIDS (Disease) Africa AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections prevention & control Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4203852-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | HIV, AIDS 2000 |
| title_auth | HIV, AIDS 2000 |
| title_exact_search | HIV, AIDS 2000 |
| title_full | HIV, AIDS 2000 Kenneth H. Mayer, guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | HIV, AIDS 2000 Kenneth H. Mayer, guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV, AIDS 2000 Kenneth H. Mayer, guest ed. |
| title_short | HIV, AIDS 2000 |
| title_sort | hiv aids 2000 |
| topic | Infections à VIH - Épidémiologie AIDS (Disease) AIDS (Disease) Africa AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections prevention & control Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Infections à VIH - Épidémiologie AIDS (Disease) AIDS (Disease) Africa AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control HIV Infections epidemiology HIV Infections prevention & control Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's HIV-Infektion Afrika Aufsatzsammlung |
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