Plasmids for therapy and vaccination:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim [u.a.]
Wiley-VCH
2001
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 287 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3527302697 |
Staff View
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| 650 | 4 | |a DNA vaccines | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804128411954708481 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface V
List of Contributors XIV
1 The Biology of Plasmids 1
1 Introduction: What are plasmids? 1
2 General properties of plasmids 2
2.1 Plasmid replication and its control 3
2.2 The molecular basis of incompatibility 6
2.3 Plasmid inheritance 7
2.4 Mechanisms of plasmid spread 8
2.4.1 Conjugation in gram negative bacteria 9
2.4.2 Conjugation in gram positive bacteria 11
3 Plasmid encoded phenotypes 11
3.1 Bacteriocin production and resistance 12
3.2 The Ti plasmids 12
3.3 Heavy metal resistance 14
3.4 Other phenotypical traits 16
4 The clinical importance of plasmids 18
4.1 The spread of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of multiple antibiotic
resistance 18
4.2 Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes 19
4.3 Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance 21
4.4 Bacterial virulence genes 23
5 Plasmid cloning vectors 24
6 Perspectives 27
References 28
2 Structures of Plasmid DNA 29
1 Introduction 29
2 Topological structures of plasmids 30
3 Supercoiling of DNA 32
4 DNA intercalating dyes 32
5 Analysis of plasmid structures 33
5.1 Electron microscopy (EM) 33
5.2 Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) 35
5.3 Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) 38
5.4 Analytical chromatography 41
6 Conclusion 41
References 42
3 Genetic Vaccination with Plasmid Vectors 45
1 Introduction 45
2 Vector design 45
2.1 Plasmid DNA 45
2.2 Construction of simple transcription units 47
2.3 Construction of complex transcription units 47
3 Strategies for DNA delivery 49
4 Priming humoral and cellular immune responses by DNA vaccines 50
5 Experimental strategies facilitated by DNA vaccination 53
6 Unique advantages of DNA vaccination 54
1 DNA vaccines in preclinical animal models 56
7.1 DNA vaccines to control infectious diseases 56
7.2 Therapeutic tumor vaccines 57
7.3 Autoimmune disease 57
7.4 Treatment of allergy by therapeutic DNA vaccination 57
8 Proposed clinical applications of DNA vaccines 58
9 Risks of nucleic acid vaccination 59
10 Future perspectives 59
References 61
4 A Liposomal iNOS Gene Therapy Approach to Prevent Neointimal Lesion
Formation in Porcine Femoral Arteries 75
1 Introduction 75
2 Results and discussion 77
2.1 Therapeutic plasmid 77
2.2 The gene therapy product has a clinically acceptable format 78
2.3 Efficient gene transfer was established in a minipig femoral artery injury
model 79
2.4 Transfection efficiency is dose dependent 81
2.5 Non viral iNOS gene transfer efficiently inhibits neointimal lesion
formation 82
3 Summary and perspectives 84
References 85
5 Immunotherapy of Chronic Hepatitis B by pCMV S2.S DNA Vaccine 87
1 Introduction 87
1.1 Hepatitis B: the disease 87
1.2 Hepatitis B: treatments 87
1.3 Hepatitis B: immune response to infection 88
1.4 What are DNA vaccines? 88
1.5 Which DNA vaccines for hepatitis B? 89
2 DNA vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis B 90
2.1 The mouse model 90
2.1.1 Humoral response 90
2.1.2 Cell mediated response 92
2.1.3 Mechanisms of DNA induced immune response to HBsAg 93
2.1.4 The primate model 94
2.1.5 DNA based vaccination of chimpanzees against HBV 95
2.1.6 Neonatal immunization 96
3 DNA based vaccination for chronic HBV infections 96
3.1 HBsAg transgenic mice as a model for HBV chronic carriers 96
4 Clinical trials of DNA vaccines 98
References 99
6 pSC.MEPfTRAP A First Generation Malaria DNA Vaccine Vector 103
1 Parasite life cycle and impact of malaria 103
2 Concept of vaccination against malaria 104
3 First generation plasmid: pSG.MEPfTRAP 106
3.1 Vector backbone 106
3.2 Insert 106
3.3 Production and formulation 111
3.4 Preclinical testing of pSG.MEPfTRAP 112
3.4.1 Toxicity studies 113
3.4.2 Biodistribution 113
3.4.3 Stability testing 113
3.4.4 Potency testing 114
4 Regulatory aspects 114
5 Future perspectives 114
References 115
7 Polyvalent Vectors for Coexpression of Multiple Genes 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Polycistronic expression vectors 122
2.1 Mechanisms of translation initiation 121
2.2 Characteristics of IRES elements 124
2.3 Application of IRES elements in cells and animals 126
2.4 Polycistronic vector systems 128
2.5 Expression properties of IRES vectors 130
3 Bidirectional promoters 130
3.1 Natural bidirectional promoters 130
3.2 Artificial bidirectional promoters 131
3.3 Combining polycistronic and bidirectional expression 132
4 Perspectives 133
References 133
8 Form Follows Function: The Design of Minimalistic immunogenically Defined
Gene Expression (MIDGE®) Constructs 139
1 The problem 139
2 The solution 141
2.1 MIDGE the concept 142
2.2 Simple MIDGE 143
2.3 Smart MIDGE 143
2.4 Applications 145
2.5 Practical aspects of vector sequence design 145
References 146
9 Synthetic Genes for Prevention and Therapy: Implications on Safety
and Efficacy of DNA Vaccines and Lentiviral Vectors 147
1 Introduction 147
2 Paradoxon: HIV derived vaccines and gene delivery systems 151
3 Synthetic genes: Novel tools contributing to the understanding
of HIV replication 152
3.1 Construction of a synthetic, HIV 1 derived gag gene 152
3.2 Codon usage modification in the gag gene abolishes Rev dependency
and increases expression yields 153
3.3 Codon usage modification in the gag gene increases nuclear RNA stability
and promotes constitutive nuclear translocation 154
3.4 Codon usage modification in the gag gene alters the nuclear export pathway
of otherwise CRM1 dependent RNAs 156
3.5 Codon usage modification increases RNA stability, modulates nuclear RNA
export and increases translational efficiency 157
4 Synthetic genes: Implications on the development of safe and effective
DNA vaccines 158
4.1 Safety issues to be considered for DNA vaccine development 158
4.2 Codon optimization of a gag specific candidate vaccines results in increased
antibody responses 159
4.3 Enhanced in vitro cytokine release of splenocytes from mice immunized
with synthetic gag plasmid DNA 160
4.4 Induction of CTL responses in mice immunized with the modified Gag
expression plasmids 161
5 Synthetic genes: Implications on the development of safe lentiviral vectors
for gene delivery into quiescent cells 162
5.1 Safety issues to be considered for lentiviral vector development 163
5.2 Construction and characterization of synthetic gagpol expression
plasmids 163
5.3 Production of lentiviral vectors using synthetic gagpol genes 164
5.4 Transduction of non dividing cells 164
5.5 Absence of replication competent recombinants (RCRs) 165
6 Future perspectives 165
References 166
10 Plasmids in Fish Vaccination 169
1 Introduction 169
2 Fish 170
3 Fish immunology 171
3.1 Innate defence mechanisms 171
3.2 Adaptive defence mechanisms 171
4 Vaccination of fish 173
5 Nucleic acid vaccination of fish 174
6 Plasmid constructs used in fish studies 175
7 Routes of plasmid administration 176
7.1 Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA 176
7.2 Other routes of plasmid administration 178
8 Fate of injected plasmid DNA 178
9 Magnitude, distribution and longevity of expressed antigen 179
10 Responses of fish to injection with plasmid DNA 181
10.1 Inflammatory responses 181
10.2 Avirulent antigens 181
10.3 Virulent antigens 182
11 Regulatory issues and future directions 187
References 188
11 Plasmid Manufacturing An Overview 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Structure of nucleic acids 194
2.1 Brief structural description of DNA and RNA structures 194
2.2 DNA supercoiling 196
3 Plasmid DNA Manufacturing 199
3.1 Major impurities and main product specifications 201
3.1.1 Host nucleic acids 202
3.1.2 Proteins 203
3.1.3 Endotoxins 203
3.2 Factors influencing the production of plasmid DNA: Some considerations
on the upstream processing and fermentation stages 204
3.2.1 The plasmid vector 204
3.2.2 The bacterial host strain 205
3.2.3 Plasmid fermentation 206
3.3 Downstream processing of plasmid DNA 208
3.3.1 Cell lysis 210
3.3.2 Pre chromatography processing: clarification and concentration 213
3.3.3 Chromatographic processing: purification of supercoiled plasmid
DNA 214
3.4 Purification Strategies 228
4 Concluding remarks 229
References 231
12 Quality Control of pDNA 237
1 Introduction 237
2 Characterization and quality control of pDNA 237
3 Validation of test procedures 239
4 GLP 240
5 Detailed description of the characterization of pDNA (final product) 241
5.1 Sterility 241
5.2 Purity 243
5.2.1 Content 243
5.2.2 Homogeneity 244
5.2.3 Host DNA 246
5.2.4 Host cell protein impurities 248
5.2.5 Endotoxins 248
5.3 Identity 249
5.3.1 Restriction analysis 249
5.3.2 Determination of the DNA sequence 251
6 Conclusion 251
References 252
13 From Research Data to Clinical Trials 255
1 Introduction 255
2 Approaching regulators 256
3 Vaccine manufacture 256
4 Preclinical safety testing 257
5 Clinical trials 258
6 Approval for clinical trials 259
7 Clinical trial applications in Germany 259
References 260
14 Market Potential for DNA Therapeutics 262
1 Definition of biotechnology 262
2 History 262
3 Process of pharmaceutical development 263
4 Human society and technical revolution 264
5 From sequence to product: Applications of biotechnology 265
5.1 Milestones in biotechnology: The Human Genome Project 267
5.2 The future is now: Examples for existing therapeutic approaches
using gene products 268
5.2.1 Gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases 268
6 Legal aspects of gene technology and pDNA derived products 270
6.1 The extension of patent law to living creatures and their components 270
6.2 Impacts of biomedical patents 272
6.3 Resisting corporate ownership of life forms 272
7 Health care in the light of biotech is different in Europe and US 274
7.1 Biotech in the US from an economical point of view 274
7.2 Emergence of new companies 274
7.3 Biotech in Germany 275
8 Who is the health care industry and their clients, a paradigm? 276
8.1 Health care industry share prices 277
8.2 HMO enrolment rose 278
8.3 Limitations to the access of health care services 278
8.4 US uninsured population rose 279
9 Economical evaluation of the biotech marked in the future 279
10 Conclusion 280
Index 282
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| physical | XIX, 287 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination ed. by M. Schleef Weinheim [u.a.] Wiley-VCH 2001 XIX, 287 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier DNA vaccines Gene Therapy Gene therapy Plasmids Vaccines, DNA Plasmid (DE-588)4046270-5 gnd rswk-swf Impfstoff (DE-588)4026655-2 gnd rswk-swf Therapie (DE-588)4059798-2 gnd rswk-swf Plasmid (DE-588)4046270-5 s Therapie (DE-588)4059798-2 s DE-604 Impfstoff (DE-588)4026655-2 s Schleef, Martin Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009294260&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination DNA vaccines Gene Therapy Gene therapy Plasmids Vaccines, DNA Plasmid (DE-588)4046270-5 gnd Impfstoff (DE-588)4026655-2 gnd Therapie (DE-588)4059798-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046270-5 (DE-588)4026655-2 (DE-588)4059798-2 |
| title | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination |
| title_auth | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination |
| title_exact_search | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination |
| title_full | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination ed. by M. Schleef |
| title_fullStr | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination ed. by M. Schleef |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination ed. by M. Schleef |
| title_short | Plasmids for therapy and vaccination |
| title_sort | plasmids for therapy and vaccination |
| topic | DNA vaccines Gene Therapy Gene therapy Plasmids Vaccines, DNA Plasmid (DE-588)4046270-5 gnd Impfstoff (DE-588)4026655-2 gnd Therapie (DE-588)4059798-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | DNA vaccines Gene Therapy Gene therapy Plasmids Vaccines, DNA Plasmid Impfstoff Therapie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009294260&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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