The geographical structure of epidemics:
"The ways in which the great plagues of the past and present have spread around the world remain only partly understood. Peter Haggett's research over the last thirty years has focused on mapping and modelling the paths by which epidemics spread through human communities. The Geographical...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Clarendon
2000
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | The Clarendon lectures in geography and environmental studies
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | "The ways in which the great plagues of the past and present have spread around the world remain only partly understood. Peter Haggett's research over the last thirty years has focused on mapping and modelling the paths by which epidemics spread through human communities. The Geographical Structure of Epidemics, presents an-accessible, and illustrated account of how environmental and geographical concepts can be used to enhance our knowledge of the origins and progress of epidemics, and sometimes to slow or halt their spread."--BOOK JACKET. |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 149 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0199241457 0198233639 |
Staff View
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| 520 | 1 | |a "The ways in which the great plagues of the past and present have spread around the world remain only partly understood. Peter Haggett's research over the last thirty years has focused on mapping and modelling the paths by which epidemics spread through human communities. The Geographical Structure of Epidemics, presents an-accessible, and illustrated account of how environmental and geographical concepts can be used to enhance our knowledge of the origins and progress of epidemics, and sometimes to slow or halt their spread."--BOOK JACKET. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Epidemieën |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Epidemiologie |2 gtt | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Épidémiologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geografie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Disease Outbreaks | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geography | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804128407906156544 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xv
1. EPIDEMICS AS DIFFUSION WAVES 1
Geography and spatial diffusion 1
The work of Torsten Hagerstrand 4
Hagerstrand s Monte Carlo diffusion model 6
Applications to epidemiological data 9
The nature of epidemics 10
The burden of communicable disease 12
Measles as a tracker epidemic disease 16
Epidemic disease modelling: an historical note 21
Simple mass action models 21
Kendall and spatial waves 26
Epidemics as spatial diffusion processes 29
2. EPIDEMICS ON SMALL ISLANDS 31
Islands as natural epidemic laboratories 31
Iceland as a laboratory 33
Iceland s record of epidemic waves 37
Generalizations and wave sequences 43
Iceland as a graph 46
Iceland: predicting epidemic measles waves 47
Measles in Fiji and the south west Pacific 52
The Fijian outbreak of 1875 53
The demographic impact of the epidemic 59
Indian migration to Fiji 61
3. GLOBAL ORIGINS AND DISPERSALS 67
The geographical question of disease origins 69
The limits of historical evidence 74
Carl Sauer and geographical speculation 77
xii Contents
Extension of Sauer s methods to disease origins 80
Global change and its disease implications 82
Growth and relocation of the human population 85
Changing global land use 87
Global warming 91
The collapse of geographical space 93
Disease implications of global change 95
4. CONTAINING EPIDEMIC SPREAD 99
Spatial control strategies 99
Local elimination and natural breaks in infection 103
The impact of vaccination on epidemic cycles 104
Defensive isolation against epidemics 110
Offensive containment 111
Ring control strategies 115
Global eradication: the smallpox campaigns 119
Global campaigns for other epidemic diseases 121
Poliomyelitis elimination campaigns 126
Conclusions 129
Notes 131
Index 145
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1. Types of spatial diffusion 3
1.2. Economic impulses as diffusion waves 4
1.3. Real and simulated diffusion patterns 8
1.4. Annual mortality and morbidity from major infectious and parasitic
diseases in the United States in the mid 1980s 15
1.5. Characteristics of a measles epidemic 18
1.6. Measles cycles and population size 20
1.7. Basic elements in the three most elementary Hamer Soper models of
wave generation 22
1.8. Bartlett s findings on city size and epidemic recurrence 23
1.9. Conceptual view of the spread of a communicable disease (measles) in
communities of different population sizes 25
1.10. Kendall model of the relationship between the shape of an epidemic
wave and the susceptible population/threshold ratio (S/p) 27
1.11. Changes in the shape of epidemic waves with distance from the origin
of an epidemic 28
1.12. Map sequences as a predictive device 30
2.1. Epidemic frequency and population size relationships for island
communities 33
2.2. Settlement distribution in Iceland 35
2.3. Changes in the boundaries of recording districts for Icelandic
medical data over an eighty year period 36
2.4. Spread of wave III of the measles epidemic in north west Iceland, 1904 40
2.5. Spread of waves VII and XIII of the measles epidemic in Iceland 42
2.6. Time intervals between measles epidemic waves in Iceland 44
2.7. Average lag structure for measles epidemics in Iceland, 1945 70 45
2.8. Seasonal distribution of measles contacts in Iceland 50 1
2.9. Sequence of measles epidemic waves in Fiji, 1875 1982 52
2.10. Generalized directions of measles spread in the Pacific Basin since
1800 54 5
xiv List of Figures
2.11. Fiji, 1875: elements in the spread of measles in the first six weeks of
the epidemic 57
2.12. The impact of changes in transport on disease introduction 63
3.1. Origin and worldwide spread of cholera 70
3.2. Origin and spread of an influenza pandemic 71
3.3. The global diffusion of HIV 1 72
3.4. Historical records of epidemics 75
3.5. Sauer s suggested origins of agriculture in the New World 79
3.6. Hypothetical reconstruction of original hearth of measles and its
spread 83
3.7. Global population growth 85
3.8. Transmission of AIDS through the United States urban hierarchy 88 9
3.9. Increasing travel over four male generations of the same family 93
3.10. Increased spatial mobility of the population of France over a 200 year
period, 1800 2000 94
3.11. Relative threats posed by communicable diseases to travellers in
tropical areas 95
3.12. History of the 1967 Marburg fever outbreak in Europe 97
4.1. Simplified model of control strategies for an infection process 100
4.2. Schematic diagram of four spatial and non spatial control strategies
to prevent epidemic spread 101
4.3. Predicted effects on epidemics of widespread immunization 105
4.4. Time age predictions of the number of cases of a virus disease
following vaccination 106
4.5. Measles reduction in the United States 108
4.6. Pennsylvania measles outbreak, 1987 8: spread in the Amish
community 109
4.7. Rubella (German measles) in New South Wales, Australia 112
4.8. Predicted map of rabies spread 114
4.9. Projective modelling of the AIDS epidemic in the United States 116
4.10. Spatial impact of disease control strategies 118
4.11. Global eradication of smallpox under the WHO Intensified
Programme, 1967 77 122
4.12. Progress on the eradication of poliomyelitis 128
LIST OF TABLES
1.1. Examples of some major outbreaks of epidemics in world history 11
1.2. Communicable diseases in relation to overall global health 13
2.1. Multiple epidemic waves of measles for Iceland over a 180 year period 38
2.2. Forecasting models applied to measles epidemics in Iceland 47 8
2.3. Estimated death rates from measles epidemics in isolated populations 60
3.1. Examples of emerging virus diseases 68
3.2. Geographical change and virus emergence 84
4.1. Target diseases in the WHO expanded programme on immunization 123
4.2. Biological and sociopolitical features that favoured the global
eradication of smallpox 124
4.3. Smallpox, measles, and poliomyelitis: comparison of biological and
sociopolitical features favouring global eradication 125
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| spelling | Haggett, Peter 1933- Verfasser (DE-588)119283166 aut The geographical structure of epidemics Peter Haggett 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Clarendon 2000 XIV, 149 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Clarendon lectures in geography and environmental studies "The ways in which the great plagues of the past and present have spread around the world remain only partly understood. Peter Haggett's research over the last thirty years has focused on mapping and modelling the paths by which epidemics spread through human communities. The Geographical Structure of Epidemics, presents an-accessible, and illustrated account of how environmental and geographical concepts can be used to enhance our knowledge of the origins and progress of epidemics, and sometimes to slow or halt their spread."--BOOK JACKET. Epidemieën gtt Epidemiologie gtt Géographie médicale Médecine sociale Épidémies Épidémiologie Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Epidemiology Geography Medical geography Social Medicine Social medicine Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd rswk-swf Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd rswk-swf Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 s Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009291669&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Haggett, Peter 1933- The geographical structure of epidemics Epidemieën gtt Epidemiologie gtt Géographie médicale Médecine sociale Épidémies Épidémiologie Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Epidemiology Geography Medical geography Social Medicine Social medicine Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137380-7 (DE-588)4020235-5 |
| title | The geographical structure of epidemics |
| title_auth | The geographical structure of epidemics |
| title_exact_search | The geographical structure of epidemics |
| title_full | The geographical structure of epidemics Peter Haggett |
| title_fullStr | The geographical structure of epidemics Peter Haggett |
| title_full_unstemmed | The geographical structure of epidemics Peter Haggett |
| title_short | The geographical structure of epidemics |
| title_sort | the geographical structure of epidemics |
| topic | Epidemieën gtt Epidemiologie gtt Géographie médicale Médecine sociale Épidémies Épidémiologie Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Epidemiology Geography Medical geography Social Medicine Social medicine Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Epidemieën Epidemiologie Géographie médicale Médecine sociale Épidémies Épidémiologie Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Epidemiology Geography Medical geography Social Medicine Social medicine Epidemie Geomedizin |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009291669&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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