Experimental design: a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2000
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences
14 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI, 284 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780444506375 0444506373 0444506381 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
A. Handbook of Experimental Design 1
1. Historical Remarks 2
1.1 The Diet Experiment of the Prophet Daniel 2
1.2 The Lemon Experiment of an Egyptian Judge 3
1.3 Drug Research in the 11th Century 3
1.4 John Stuart Mill and the Foundations of Experimental Research 4
1.5 Wilhelm Wundt and the Experiment in Psychology 6
1.6 The Invention of Randomization 7
1.7 Sir Ronald Fisher and Randomization 10
Summary 13
Questions 14
2. The Object of Experimental Design 15
2.1 Dependent and Independent Variables 15
2.2 Selection of Factor Levels 15
2.3 Causal Relations and Intervening Variables 16
2.4 Ockham s Razor 17
2.5 Constructs 18
2.6 Causal and Correlative Relations 19
Summary 20
Questions 20
3. A Case for Experimental Design 21
3.1 Threats to Statistical Conclusion Validity 22
3.1.1 Low Statistical Power 22
3.1.2 Violated Assumptions of Statistical Tests 23
3.1.3 Multiple Tests 24
3.1.4 Reliability of the Dependent Variables 24
3.1.5 Reliability of the Independent Variables 25
3.1.6 Random Disturbance of the Experimental Situation 25
3.1.7 Random Differences between Subjects 25
3.2 Threats to Internal Validity 25
3.2.1 History 25
3.2.2 Maturation 26
viii
3.2.3 Testing 26
3.2.4 Instrumentation 26
3.2.5 Statistical Regression 26
3.2.6 Selection 28
3.2.7 Experimental Mortality 28
3.2.8 Direction of the Causal Conclusion 28
3.2.9 Exchange of Information 29
3.3 Threats to Construct Validity 29
3.3.1 Inexact Definitions of Constructs 29
3.3.2 Mono Operation Bias 29
3.3.3 Mono Method Bias 30
3.3.4 Hypothesis Guessing 30
3.3.5 Social Desirability Responding 30
3.3.6 Experimenter Expectancies 30
3.3.7 Clever Hans and his Friends 31
3.3.8 Omitting Relevant Levels of Constructs 32
3.3.9 Effects of more than One Independent Variable 32
3.3.10 Interaction of Testing and Treatment 32
3.3.11 Restricted Generalizability over the Constructs 33
3.4 Threats to External Validity 33
3.4.1 Interaction between Selection and Treatment 33
3.4.2 Interaction between Setting and Treatment 34
3.4.3 Interaction between History and Treatment 34
Summary 35
Questions 35
4. Control of Extraneous Variables 36
4.1 Randomization 36
4.1.1 Randomization and External Validity 36
4.1.2 Randomization and Internal Validity 39
4.1.3 Randomization in Factorial Designs 40
4.1.4 Multiple Treatments 40
4.1.5 Randomization and Ethics 45
4.2 Elimination and Blocking Off 48
4.3 Constancy and Covering 49
4.4 Matching and Blocking 50
4.5 Extraneous Variables as Independent Variables 55
4.6 Replication 56
4.7 Balancing 58
4.8 Counterbalancing 60
4.9 Blinding 65
4.10 Control Groups and Control Conditions 67
ix
4.10.1 Control Groups for Detecting Effects 67
4.10.2 Placebo Control Groups 68
4.10.3 Control Groups for the Case
that no Effects can be Detected 70
4.10.4 Yoked Control Groups 71
4.10.5 Expectancy Control Groups 73
4.10.6 Solomon Design 76
4.10.7 Comparison Groups 78
4.10.8 Historical Controls 79
4.11 Conservative Arrangement of the Levels of Extraneous Variables....79
4.12 Repeated Measures 82
4.13 Statistical Adjustment 85
Summary 87
Questions 87
5. Preliminary Experiments and Pilot Studies 89
Summary 91
Questions 91
6. Designs which had Better be Avoided 92
6.1 Designs without Randomization 92
6.2 Designs without a Control Group 93
6.3 Designs with Repeated Measures 94
6.4 Crossover Designs 95
6.5 Designs with more than Two Factors 99
Summary 106
Questions 106
7. Designs without Repeated Measures 109
7.1 Designs with One Independent Variable 109
7.2 Designs with Two Independent Variables 112
7.3 Designs with more than Two Independent Variables 115
Summary 122
Questions 122
8. Designs with Repeated Measures 124
8.1 Designs with One Independent Variable 124
8.2 Designs with more than One Independent Variable 135
x
Summary 140
Questions 140
9. Single Case Experimental Designs 141
9.1 Basic Principles of Single Case Experimental Designs 141
9.2 Selected Single Case Experimental Designs 144
9.2.1 Design with only One Factor with only Two Levels 144
9.2.2 Interrupted Time Series Design 145
9.3 An Alternative Principle of Single Case Experimental Designs 145
9.4 Combination of the Results of Several Independent
Single Case Experimental Designs 146
Summary 149
Questions 149
Answers to the Questions (with References) 151
B. Dictionary of Experimental Design 209
References 275
Author Index 281
Subject Index 283
xi
|
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| discipline | Allgemeines Biologie Psychologie Medizin |
| edition | 1. ed. |
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| spelling | Krauth, Joachim 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)133417891 aut Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research by J. Krauth 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2000 XI, 284 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences 14 behaviour cabt research cabt experiments cabt experimental design cabt randomized controlled trials cabt Experimental design Experimental design Dictionaries Reproducibility of Results Problems and Exercises Reproducibility of Results Terminology English Research Design Problems and Exercises Research Design Terminology English Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd rswk-swf Versuchsplanung (DE-588)4078859-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4066724-8 Wörterbuch gnd-content Versuchsplanung (DE-588)4078859-3 s Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 s DE-604 Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences 14 (DE-604)BV000828401 14 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009265612&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krauth, Joachim 1941- Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences behaviour cabt research cabt experiments cabt experimental design cabt randomized controlled trials cabt Experimental design Experimental design Dictionaries Reproducibility of Results Problems and Exercises Reproducibility of Results Terminology English Research Design Problems and Exercises Research Design Terminology English Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Versuchsplanung (DE-588)4078859-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038243-6 (DE-588)4078859-3 (DE-588)4066724-8 |
| title | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research |
| title_auth | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research |
| title_exact_search | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research |
| title_full | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research by J. Krauth |
| title_fullStr | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research by J. Krauth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research by J. Krauth |
| title_short | Experimental design |
| title_sort | experimental design a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research |
| title_sub | a handbook and dictionary for medical and behavioral research |
| topic | behaviour cabt research cabt experiments cabt experimental design cabt randomized controlled trials cabt Experimental design Experimental design Dictionaries Reproducibility of Results Problems and Exercises Reproducibility of Results Terminology English Research Design Problems and Exercises Research Design Terminology English Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Versuchsplanung (DE-588)4078859-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | behaviour research experiments experimental design randomized controlled trials Experimental design Experimental design Dictionaries Reproducibility of Results Problems and Exercises Reproducibility of Results Terminology English Research Design Problems and Exercises Research Design Terminology English Medizin Versuchsplanung Wörterbuch |
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