Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté: a critique of social theory
"This is a study of continuity and change in rural France based on fieldwork carried out over a period of 25 years, and on historical documents spanning more than 300 years. Producer co-operatives have existed in Franche-Comte since the thirteenth century. Communities there, unlike modern Engli...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | German |
Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2000
|
Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
Schriftenreihe: | Oxford studies in social and cultural anthropology
|
Schlagworte: | |
Zusammenfassung: | "This is a study of continuity and change in rural France based on fieldwork carried out over a period of 25 years, and on historical documents spanning more than 300 years. Producer co-operatives have existed in Franche-Comte since the thirteenth century. Communities there, unlike modern English villages, are highly corporate. Robert Layton explores the relationships between inheritance rules, management of common land, household labour, and inter-household relations, as well as the impact on villages of national politics and economy. Comparison with other regions of Western Europe enables a reinterpretation of the eighteenth-century enclosures in England. Layton presents a dialogue between ethnography and social theory, and argues for a revision of the theories of Marx, Giddens, and Bourdieu so as better to explain the mechanisms of continuity, change, and adaptation in social life."--BOOK JACKET. |
Beschreibung: | XIII, 392 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV013551537 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20111103 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 010124s2000 abd| |||| 00||| ger d | ||
020 | |z 0199241996 |9 0-19-924199-6 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)45419034 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV013551537 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
041 | 0 | |a ger | |
049 | |a DE-473 |a DE-12 |a DE-11 | ||
050 | 0 | |a DC611.F8146 | |
082 | 0 | |a 944/.45 |2 21 | |
084 | |a LB 31000 |0 (DE-625)90528: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a LB 40185 |0 (DE-625)90549:828 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a LB 72185 |0 (DE-625)90589:828 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a 8,2 |2 ssgn | ||
100 | 1 | |a Layton, Robert |d 1944- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)132312921 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté |b a critique of social theory |c Robert Layton |
250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2000 | |
300 | |a XIII, 392 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Oxford studies in social and cultural anthropology | |
520 | 1 | |a "This is a study of continuity and change in rural France based on fieldwork carried out over a period of 25 years, and on historical documents spanning more than 300 years. Producer co-operatives have existed in Franche-Comte since the thirteenth century. Communities there, unlike modern English villages, are highly corporate. Robert Layton explores the relationships between inheritance rules, management of common land, household labour, and inter-household relations, as well as the impact on villages of national politics and economy. Comparison with other regions of Western Europe enables a reinterpretation of the eighteenth-century enclosures in England. Layton presents a dialogue between ethnography and social theory, and argues for a revision of the theories of Marx, Giddens, and Bourdieu so as better to explain the mechanisms of continuity, change, and adaptation in social life."--BOOK JACKET. | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1947-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté | |
650 | 4 | |a Alltag, Brauchtum | |
650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
650 | 4 | |a Ethnology |z France |z Franche-Comté | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4066399-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschichte |0 (DE-588)4020517-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gesellschaft |0 (DE-588)4020588-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Soziologie |0 (DE-588)4077624-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ethnologie |0 (DE-588)4078931-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Anthropologie |0 (DE-588)4002230-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 4 | |a Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire | |
651 | 7 | |a Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire |2 ram | |
651 | 7 | |a Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes |2 ram | |
651 | 4 | |a Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes | |
651 | 4 | |a Frankreich | |
651 | 4 | |a Franche-Comté (France) |x History | |
651 | 4 | |a Franche-Comté (France) |x Social life and customs | |
651 | 7 | |a Franche-Comté |0 (DE-588)4071336-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Franche-Comté |0 (DE-588)4071336-2 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Anthropologie |0 (DE-588)4002230-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Soziologie |0 (DE-588)4077624-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte |A z |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Franche-Comté |0 (DE-588)4071336-2 |D g |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Wirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4066399-1 |D s |
689 | 1 | 2 | |a Gesellschaft |0 (DE-588)4020588-5 |D s |
689 | 1 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1947-2000 |A z |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 2 | 0 | |a Franche-Comté |0 (DE-588)4071336-2 |D g |
689 | 2 | 1 | |a Ethnologie |0 (DE-588)4078931-7 |D s |
689 | 2 | 2 | |a Soziologie |0 (DE-588)4077624-4 |D s |
689 | 2 | 3 | |a Geschichte |0 (DE-588)4020517-4 |D s |
689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009253667 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804128349262446592 |
---|---|
any_adam_object | |
author | Layton, Robert 1944- |
author_GND | (DE-588)132312921 |
author_facet | Layton, Robert 1944- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Layton, Robert 1944- |
author_variant | r l rl |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV013551537 |
callnumber-first | D - World History |
callnumber-label | DC611 |
callnumber-raw | DC611.F8146 |
callnumber-search | DC611.F8146 |
callnumber-sort | DC 3611 F8146 |
callnumber-subject | DC - France, Andorra, Monaco |
classification_rvk | LB 31000 LB 40185 LB 72185 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)45419034 (DE-599)BVBBV013551537 |
dewey-full | 944/.45 |
dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
dewey-ones | 944 - France and Monaco |
dewey-raw | 944/.45 |
dewey-search | 944/.45 |
dewey-sort | 3944 245 |
dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
discipline | Geschichte Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
edition | 1. publ. |
era | Geschichte gnd Geschichte 1947-2000 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte Geschichte 1947-2000 |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03763nam a2200781 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV013551537</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20111103 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">010124s2000 abd| |||| 00||| ger d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">0199241996</subfield><subfield code="9">0-19-924199-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)45419034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV013551537</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DC611.F8146</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">944/.45</subfield><subfield code="2">21</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LB 31000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90528:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LB 40185</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90549:828</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LB 72185</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)90589:828</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">8,2</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Layton, Robert</subfield><subfield code="d">1944-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)132312921</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté</subfield><subfield code="b">a critique of social theory</subfield><subfield code="c">Robert Layton</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1. publ.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford Univ. Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XIII, 392 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Oxford studies in social and cultural anthropology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"This is a study of continuity and change in rural France based on fieldwork carried out over a period of 25 years, and on historical documents spanning more than 300 years. Producer co-operatives have existed in Franche-Comte since the thirteenth century. Communities there, unlike modern English villages, are highly corporate. Robert Layton explores the relationships between inheritance rules, management of common land, household labour, and inter-household relations, as well as the impact on villages of national politics and economy. Comparison with other regions of Western Europe enables a reinterpretation of the eighteenth-century enclosures in England. Layton presents a dialogue between ethnography and social theory, and argues for a revision of the theories of Marx, Giddens, and Bourdieu so as better to explain the mechanisms of continuity, change, and adaptation in social life."--BOOK JACKET.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1947-2000</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Alltag, Brauchtum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ethnology</subfield><subfield code="z">France</subfield><subfield code="z">Franche-Comté</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066399-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020517-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gesellschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020588-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Soziologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077624-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ethnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078931-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Anthropologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4002230-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Frankreich</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France)</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté (France)</subfield><subfield code="x">Social life and customs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071336-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071336-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Anthropologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4002230-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Soziologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077624-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071336-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Wirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4066399-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Gesellschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020588-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1947-2000</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Franche-Comté</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071336-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ethnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078931-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Soziologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077624-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020517-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009253667</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire ram Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes ram Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes Frankreich Franche-Comté (France) History Franche-Comté (France) Social life and customs Franche-Comté (DE-588)4071336-2 gnd |
geographic_facet | Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes Frankreich Franche-Comté (France) History Franche-Comté (France) Social life and customs Franche-Comté |
id | DE-604.BV013551537 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:47:50Z |
institution | BVB |
language | German |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009253667 |
oclc_num | 45419034 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-11 |
owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-11 |
physical | XIII, 392 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
publishDate | 2000 |
publishDateSearch | 2000 |
publishDateSort | 2000 |
publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Oxford studies in social and cultural anthropology |
spelling | Layton, Robert 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)132312921 aut Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory Robert Layton 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2000 XIII, 392 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in social and cultural anthropology "This is a study of continuity and change in rural France based on fieldwork carried out over a period of 25 years, and on historical documents spanning more than 300 years. Producer co-operatives have existed in Franche-Comte since the thirteenth century. Communities there, unlike modern English villages, are highly corporate. Robert Layton explores the relationships between inheritance rules, management of common land, household labour, and inter-household relations, as well as the impact on villages of national politics and economy. Comparison with other regions of Western Europe enables a reinterpretation of the eighteenth-century enclosures in England. Layton presents a dialogue between ethnography and social theory, and argues for a revision of the theories of Marx, Giddens, and Bourdieu so as better to explain the mechanisms of continuity, change, and adaptation in social life."--BOOK JACKET. Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1947-2000 gnd rswk-swf Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Ethnology France Franche-Comté Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd rswk-swf Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd rswk-swf Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd rswk-swf Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd rswk-swf Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire ram Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes ram Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes Frankreich Franche-Comté (France) History Franche-Comté (France) Social life and customs Franche-Comté (DE-588)4071336-2 gnd rswk-swf Franche-Comté (DE-588)4071336-2 g Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 s Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 s Geschichte 1947-2000 z Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s |
spellingShingle | Layton, Robert 1944- Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Ethnology France Franche-Comté Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4020588-5 (DE-588)4077624-4 (DE-588)4078931-7 (DE-588)4002230-4 (DE-588)4071336-2 |
title | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory |
title_auth | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory |
title_exact_search | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory |
title_full | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory Robert Layton |
title_fullStr | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory Robert Layton |
title_full_unstemmed | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté a critique of social theory Robert Layton |
title_short | Anthropology and history in Franche-Comté |
title_sort | anthropology and history in franche comte a critique of social theory |
title_sub | a critique of social theory |
topic | Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Ethnology France Franche-Comté Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Ethnologie - France - Franche-Comté Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Ethnology France Franche-Comté Wirtschaft Gesellschaft Soziologie Ethnologie Anthropologie Franche-Comté (France) - Histoire Franche-Comté (France) - Moeurs et coutumes Franche-Comté (France) - Murs et coutumes Frankreich Franche-Comté (France) History Franche-Comté (France) Social life and customs Franche-Comté |
work_keys_str_mv | AT laytonrobert anthropologyandhistoryinfranchecomteacritiqueofsocialtheory |