Combustion and flames: chemical and physical principles
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English French |
| Published: |
Paris
Éd. Technip
1998
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 371 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 2710807408 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a La combustion et les flammes |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Combustion and flames |b chemical and physical principles |c Roland Borghi ; Michel Destriau |
| 264 | 1 | |a Paris |b Éd. Technip |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 371 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804128210528501760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Foreword V
Preface VII
Notation and usual units XVII
Introduction
DISCOVERING COMBUSTION AND FLAMES
1 Fire and combustion: multi-aspect phenomena 1
2 Combustion and flames in industry and nature 6
A Engines 7
B Burners 18
C Fires 23
3 The spirit and contents of this book 26
Chapter 1
COMBUSTION THERMODYNAMICS
1 1 Phenomena and definitions 31
12A macrophysical perspective of the First and Second Laws of
thermodynamics: adiabatic temperature produced by combustion
in a closed system 33
121 Consequences of the First Law: heat evolved, enthalpies of formation 34
122 Consequences of the Second Law in combustion chemistry 38
123 Calculating the adiabatic combustion temperature 40
13A microphysical perspective of the concept of temperature 44
1 4 Industrial calorific value 46
1 5 Equivalence ratio and Ostwald diagrams 47
L5 1 Equivalence ratio 47
152 Ostwald diagrams 48
Worked examples 51
X
CONTENTS
Chapter 2
CHEMICAL KINETICS APPLIED TO COMBUSTION
2 1 Genera] points and definitions 61
22 Rates of elementary reactions: definition and measurements 63
221 Definition 63
2211 In a dosed system 63
2212 Open systems: relationship between flow of matter and rate, or
extent of reaction 64
222 Measuring 66
2221 Measuring in a closed system 66
22 2 2 Measuring in an open system 66
2 3 Experimental rate laws for elementary reactions 72
2 4 Rates of reaction for balance reactions: the steady state
approximation 72
2 5 Experimental rate laws for balance reactions 75
251 Concentration dependence 75
252 Temperature dependence 77
253 Total-pressure dependence 77
2 6 Theoretical laws for elementary reaction rates 79
261 Molecular collision theory 79
262 Activated complex theory 79
2 7 Chain reactions 84
2 8 Chemical kinetics of combustion 85
281 General points 85
282 The H2—02 reaction system 86
2 83 The CO—02 reaction system 86
284 Combustion of hydrocarbons 87
Worked examples 88
Chapter 3
MASS AND ENERGY TRANSPORT BY CONVECTION
AND DIFFUSION
3 1 Relevance of transport phenomena to flames 93
3 2 Molecular diffusion of mass, energy and momentum 95
CONTENTS
XI
321A simplistic description of molecular diffusion 95
322 Heat conduction 100
3 23 The diffusion of momentum 102
3 3 The balance equations for aerothermochemistry 103
33 1 Balance equations in a one-dimensional medium 104
33 2 Equations for a three-dimensional medium 106
333 Specific simple forms of the balance equation for energy 107
3 4 Simplified calculation of a laminar diffusion flame 109
341 Principal equations 109
3 43 Specific relationships 112
3 43 Very fast chemical reactions 113
344 The final step 114
3 5 Turbulent transport 116
351 What is turbulent flow? 116
352 Balance equations describing “mean” turbulent flow 117
353 Turbulent diffusion fluxes 121
Worked examples 123
Chapter 4
SELF-IGNITIONS IN CLOSED SYSTEMS
4 1 General points 125
4 2 Temperature distribution in a closed chamber containing
a combustible mixture 127
4 3 Explosion limits 129
4 4 Octane number 135
4 5 Explosion theories 136
451 Thermal theory of explosions 137
4511 Balance equations and critical conditions for a non-convective system 137
4512 Balance equations and critical conditions when the cell temperature
is equalised by convection (for diathermal walls) 141
4513 Temperature and concentration profiles in the case of a closed system
in the absence of convection 144
43 2 Theory of isothermal chain branching 146
Worked examples 149
XII
CONTENTS
Chapter 5
LAMINAR FLAMES AND DEFLAGRATIONS
5 1 General points 153
5 2 The stability and propagation of a premised flame front in laminar
flow 154
5 3 Quenching 161
5 4 Premised flames: the Hugoniot-Rankine equation 162
5 5 Premised flames: deflagration propagation mechanism 164
551 Thermal balance 164
552 Mass balances 168
5 6 Chain-branching theory 170
5 7 Flammability limits 171
5 8 Laminar diffusion flames 173
5 9 Theoretical results for laminar diffusion flames 174
5 10 Diffusion flames in more realistic chemical applications 176
5 11 Stabilisation of laminar flames 178
5 11 1 Problem definition 178
5 11 2 Stabilisation of a premixed, Bunsen burner flame 181
5 11 3 Stabilisation of diffusion jet flames 183
5 11 4 Stabilisation in a recirculation zone 185
Worked examples 190
Chapter 6
TURBULENT FLAMES AND DEFLAGRATIONS
6 1 What is a turbulent flame? 195
6 2 Fundamental concepts and characteristics of turbulence 198
621 The kinetic energy of turbulence 199
622 The integral turbulent length scale 200
623 The “spectrum” of turbulent length scales 201
624 General overview of the “k - e” turbulence model 204
CONTENTS XIII
6 3 The structure of turbulent premixed flames 206
631 The three types of turbulent premixed flame 206
632 Experimental evidence 210
633 Burning velocity and thickness of a premixed turbulent flame 216
6 4 “Modelling” premixed turbulent flames 221
641 The context of the modelling problem 221
642 The “Eddy Break-Up” model 223
643 The case where the chemical reactions are not infinitely rapid 226
6 5 Detailed example: a turbulent gas burner 228
651 Velocity field 228
652 The average rate of reaction field 229
6 6 The structure of turbulent diffusion flames 232
661 Description of the structure of turbulent diffusion flames 233
662 The various types of turbulent diffusion flames 236
663 Experimental evidence 240
6 7 Modelling non-premixed, turbulent flames 245
671 What should be calculated and how? 245
672 Calculating non-premixed turbulent flames, assuming rapid chemical reactions 247
673 Calculating an inert species in a non-premixed turbulent flame 252
674 Comparison between calculation and experiment 256
6 8 The influence of combustion on turbulence 260
Worked examples 267
Chapter 7
DETONATION AND SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION
7 1 Shock and detonation: phenomena and definitions 269
7 2 One-dimensional or “planar” shock waves in gases 273
7 3 One-dimensional (or planar) detonations in a gas: the Chapman-
Jouguet condition 275
7 4 One-dimensional shocks in a gas: properties as a function of Mach
number 280
7 5 One-dimensional detonations in a gas: properties as a function of
Mach number 281
XIV
CONTENTS
7 6 Limits of detonability 284
7 7 Appearance of complex three-dimensional structures 284
7 8 Detonations in condensed media 287
7 9 Supersonic flow with premixed combustion 289
Worked examples 293
Chapter 8
FLAME IGNITION
8 1 The ignition phenomenon 299
8 2 Hot spot ignition 302
821 Results of a typical calculation 302
822 Physical explanation 304
8 3 Ignition through energy deposition 308
8 4 Ignition with consecutive pressure perturbations 312
Chapter 9
COMBUSTION OF LIQUIDS AND SPRAYS
9 1 General points 319
9 2 Combustion of an isolated drop 321
921 Quasi-stationary theory of the combustion of a spherical drop 322
922 The d2 rule 327
923 Combustion of a drop in motion 329
9 3 Combustion of a spray of droplets 331
93 1 General points 331
932 Combustion in premixed sprays: the various types of flames 332
933 Rate of combustion and flame velocity in premixed sprays 338
9 4 Diffusion jet flames with droplets 342
941 Description 342
942 “Modelling” droplet-spray diffusion flames 345
CONTENTS
XV
Chapter 10
POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN COMBUSTION REACTIONS
10 1 General points 349
10 2 Pollution by C02, CO, aldehydes, small hydrocarbons, alkenes,
peroxides, tetraethyl lead and PAN 351
10 2 1 C02 351
10 2 2 co 352
10 2 3 Aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, peroxides, tetraethyl lead and PAN 353
10 3 Pollution by soots and polyaromatics 355
10 4 Pollution by nitrogen oxides (NOx) 357
10 4 1 General points 357
10 4 2 Gas-phase mechanisms leading to NO, emission 358
10 43 Heterogeneous production and reduction of NO and N20 362
10 4 4 Controlling NO, emissions 362
10 441 In the gas phase 362
10 442 Heterogeneous control 363
10 5 Pollution by sulphur oxides (SOx) 365
103 1 General points 365
103 2 Mechanisms leading to S02 and S03 in flames 365
103 3 Controlling SO, emission 366
INDEX
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Borghi, Roland Destriau, Michel |
| author_facet | Borghi, Roland Destriau, Michel |
| author_role | aut aut |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)40846748 (DE-599)BVBBV013422892 |
| dewey-full | 541.3/61 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 541 - Physical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 541.3/61 |
| dewey-search | 541.3/61 |
| dewey-sort | 3541.3 261 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV013422892 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:45:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 2710807408 |
| language | English French |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009159584 |
| oclc_num | 40846748 |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-706 |
| physical | XV, 371 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
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| publisher | Éd. Technip |
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| spelling | Borghi, Roland Verfasser aut La combustion et les flammes Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles Roland Borghi ; Michel Destriau Paris Éd. Technip 1998 XV, 371 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stoftransport gtt Vlammen gtt Warmtetransport gtt Combustion Flame Verbrennung (DE-588)4062656-8 gnd rswk-swf Verbrennung (DE-588)4062656-8 s DE-604 Destriau, Michel Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009159584&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Borghi, Roland Destriau, Michel Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles Stoftransport gtt Vlammen gtt Warmtetransport gtt Combustion Flame Verbrennung (DE-588)4062656-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4062656-8 |
| title | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles |
| title_alt | La combustion et les flammes |
| title_auth | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles |
| title_exact_search | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles |
| title_full | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles Roland Borghi ; Michel Destriau |
| title_fullStr | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles Roland Borghi ; Michel Destriau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combustion and flames chemical and physical principles Roland Borghi ; Michel Destriau |
| title_short | Combustion and flames |
| title_sort | combustion and flames chemical and physical principles |
| title_sub | chemical and physical principles |
| topic | Stoftransport gtt Vlammen gtt Warmtetransport gtt Combustion Flame Verbrennung (DE-588)4062656-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stoftransport Vlammen Warmtetransport Combustion Flame Verbrennung |
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