An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Hart
2000
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| Edition: | 7. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | LIX, 419 S. |
| ISBN: | 1841131407 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice |c Valentine Korah |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a EC competition law and practice |
| 250 | |a 7. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Hart |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a LIX, 419 S. | ||
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| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Gemeinschaften |0 (DE-588)35439-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a Competition, Unfair -- European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antitrust law -- European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Restraint of trade -- European Union countries | |
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| _version_ | 1820128148583350272 |
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| adam_text |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD TO THE FOURTH EDITION V
PREFACE VII
TABLE OF CASES XXV
TABLE OF LEGISLATION HI
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 THE COMMON MARKET 1
1.2 THE COMPETITION RULES 2
1.2.1 ARTICLE 81*COLLUSION THAT RESTRICTS COMPETITION 2
1.2.2 ARTICLE 82*THE ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 4
1.2.3 REGULATION 4064/89*THE CONTROL ON CONCENTRATIONS 5
1.2.4 THE INTERPRETATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES AND THE
INTEGRATION OF THE COMMON MARKET 6
1.2.5 THE TREATY COVERS ALL SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY 7
1.3 THE ECONOMICS OF MARKET POWER 9
1.3.1 WELFARE ECONOMICS*EFFICIENCY 9
1.3.2 OTHER REASONS FOR CONTROLLING MARKET POWER 10
1.3.2.1 MARKET INTEGRATION 10
1.3.2.2 FAIR COMPETITION 11
1.3.2.3 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FIRMS 11
1.3.2.4 POLITICAL FREEDOM 11
1.3.2.5 WORKABLE COMPETITION 12
1.3.2.6 CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL POLICY 12
1.3.2.7 CONFLICT OF GOALS ' 12
1.3.3 BARRIERS TO ENTRY AND SUBSTITUTES MAY DEFINE THE
RELEVANT MARKET 14
1.3.3.1 SUBSTITUTES ON THE DEMAND SIDE 14
1.3.3.2 BARRIERS TO ENTRY 15
1.4 EC INSTITUTIONS 19
1.4.1 THE COUNCIL 19
1.4.2 THE COMMISSION*THE EXECUTIVE OF THE COMMUNITIES 19
1.4.3 THE COMMUNITY COURTS 20
1.4.3.1 MEMBERSHIP 20
1.4.3.2 THEJURISDICTIONOFTHECFIANDECJ 22
XII EC COMPETITION LAW
1.5 ENFORCEMENT OF THE COMPETITION RULES 23
1.5.1 ENFORCEMENT BY THE COMMISSION 23
1.5.2 ENFORCEMENT BY NATIONAL COURTS 24
1.5.3 POSSIBLE ENFORCEMENT BY NATIONAL COMPETITION
AUTHORITIES 25
1.5.4 THE COMMISSION'S WHITE PAPER ON MODERNISATION 26
1.5.5 THE CO-EXISTENCE OF NATIONAL COMPETITION RULES 26
1.6 EXTRATERRITORIAL COMPETENCE 27
1.6.1 FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS 28
1.7 THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA) 29
1.8 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COMPETITION RULES 30
1.9 THE PLAN FOR THE BOOK 32
1.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 32
2 ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 81(1) 35
2.1 INTRODUCTION 35
2.2 COLLUSION BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS 36
2.2.1 UNDERTAKINGS 36
2.2.2 AGREEMENTS 39
2.2.2.1 UNILATERAL CONDUCT IN THE CONTEXT OF A LONG
TERM CONTRACT WITH DEALERS 40
2.2.2.2 TENUOUS EVIDENCE ON WHICH COLLUSION IS
SOMETIMES FOUND 42
2.2.3 DECISIONS BY ASSOCIATIONS OF UNDERTAKINGS 43
2.2.4 CONCERTED PRACTICES 44
2.2.4.1 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 44
2.2.4.2 LEGAL PRECEDENTS 46
2.2.4.3 AGREEMENTS TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION 51
2.3 'WHICH MAY AFFECT TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES' 51
2.3.1 MARKET INTEGRATION 51
2.3.2 CONDITION OFTEN FULFILLED EVEN IF AGREEMENT IS CONFINED
TO A SINGLE MEMBER STATE 54
2.3.3 THE CONDITION HAS BEEN FURTHER NARROWED 57
CONTENTS XIII
2.3.4 THE COMPARABLE PROVISION IN ARTICLE 82 IS SIMILARLY
CONSTRUED 57
2.3.5 THE EEA 58
2.4 'HAVE AS THEIR OBJECT OR EFFECT THE PREVENTION, RESTRICTION OR
DISTORTION OF COMPETITION WITHIN THE COMMON MARKET' 58
2.4.1 CONSTEN & GRUNDIG 60
2.4.2 LEGAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT 61
2.4.3 ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 63
2.4.4 COMMISSION'S VIEW 64
2.4.4.1 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 65
2.4.4.2 JOINT VENTURES 65
2.4.4.3 MARKET DEFINITION 66
2.4.4.4 DE FACTO RESTRICTIONS 66
2.4.5 'APPRECIABLE'EFFECTS 67
2.5 EXEMPTIONS 69
2.5.1 INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTIONS 69
2.5.1.1 ONLY THE COMMISSION HAS POWER TO GRANT AN
INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTION 70
2.5.1.2 RIGHT OF COMPLAINANT TO APPEAL AGAINST AN
EXEMPTION 71
2.5.2 GROUP EXEMPTIONS 71
2.5.2.1 THE OPPOSITION PROCEDURE 73
2.5.2.2 WITHDRAWAL OF GROUP EXEMPTIONS 73
2.5.2.3 NO EXEMPTION FROM ARTICLE 82 74
2.5.2.4 EFFECT OF GROUP EXEMPTION ON NATIONAL
COMPETITION LAW 74
2.5.2.5 LATEST GROUP EXEMPTION DIFFERENT IN STRUCTURE 75
2.6 NULLITY 75
2.7 WHITE PAPER ON MODERNISATION 76
2.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 76
3 ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 79
3.1 OBJECTIONS TO ECONOMIC STRENGTH 79
3.2 DOMINANT POSITION 81
3.2.1 RELEVANT MARKET 82
XIV EC COMPETITION LAW
3.2.1.1 RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET*SUBSTITUTES ON
BOTH THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY SIDE OF THE
MARKET
3.2.1.2 RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET
3.2.1.3 TIME SCALE
3.2.1.4 WIDER MARKETS SUGGESTED BY THE COURT
3.2.1.5 THE FALLACY OF DEFINING MARKETS TO ASSESS
MARKET POWER
3.2.2 CUSTOMER DEPENDENCE
3.2.3 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS
3.2.4 ASSESSMENT OF DOMINANT POSITION
3.2.4.1 FACTORS FOUND RELEVANT BY ECJ
3.2.4.2 FACTORS FOUND RELEVANT BY THE MERGER TASK
FORCE
3.2.4.3 CONDUCT
3.2.5 COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE
3.2.6 'SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE COMMON MARKET'
3.2.7 ABUSE IN LINKED MARKET
3.2.8 CONCLUSION ON DOMINANT POSITION
3.3 'ABUSIVE EXPLOITATION'
3.3.1 REDUCTION OF COMPETITION PROHIBITED BY ARTICLE 82
3.3.1.1 CONTROL OF MERGERS
3.3.1.2 SYSTEMATIC DISCRIMINATION
3.3.1.3 REFUSAL TO DEAL
3.3.1.3.1 COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS
3.3.1.3.2 ABG
3.3.1.3.3 UNITED BRANDS
3.3.1.3.4 HUGIN
3.3.1.3.5 SEA AND AIRPORTS
3.3.1.3.6 OBLIGATIONS TO LICENSE
3.3.1.3.7 OSCAR BRONNER
3.3.1.4 TYING
3.3.1.4.1 EXTENDING MONOPOLY TO ANOTHER
MARKET
3.3.1.4.2 MEASURING USAGE
3.3.1.4.3 FULL RANGE OF PRODUCTS
3.3.1.4.4 COMPATIBLE CONSUMABLES
3.3.1.4.5 AVOIDING REGULATION
3.3.1.4.6 EXCLUDING SMALLER FIRMS
3.3.1.4.7 HILTI
3.3.1.4.8 TELEMARKETING
3.3.1.4.9 TETRAPAKLL
83
87
89
90
90
91
93
93
94
97
98
98
101
102
104
106
109
110
110
114
114
115
115
116
117
117
119
121
121
121
121
121
122
122
122
122
123
CONTENTS XV
3.3.1.5 PREDATORY PRICING 123
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
3.3.
.5.1 ECONOMICS 123
.5.2 AKZO 125
.5.3 TETRAPAKLL 127
.5.4 RECOUPMENT 128
.5.5 CEWAL 129
3.3.1.6 OTHER EXCLUSIONARY CONDUCT 130
.6.1 RAISING RIVALS'COSTS 130
.6.2 VEXATIOUS LITIGATION 131
.6.3 PRICE SQUEEZE 131
.6.4 ACQUIRING THE ONLY COMPETING
TECHNOLOGY 132
3.3.2 UNFAIR COMPETITION ALSO PROHIBITED BY ARTICLE 82 132
3.3.2.1 UNFAIR PRICES 132
3.3.2.2 OTHER UNFAIR TERMS 135
3.3.2.3 AD HOC DISCRIMINATORY PRICING 135
3.3.2.4 REFUSAL TO DEAL 137
3.3.3 REFUSALS TO DEAL BASED ON GROUNDS OF NATIONALITY 137
3.4 THAT MAY AFFECT TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 138
3.5 CONCLUSION 138
3.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 140
4 STATE MEASURES TO PROTECT FIRMS FROM COMPETITION 143
4.1 INTRODUCTION 143
4.1.1 GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGEMENT OR PERSUASION IS NO
DEFENCE TO ARTICLE 81 143
4.1.2 STATE MEASURES REINFORCING THE EFFECTS OF
ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS 144
4.1.3 STATE MEASURES THAT DELEGATE THE FIXING OF PRICES TO
CITIZENS 144
4.1.4 ANTI-COMPETITIVE STATE MEASURES MAKING
AGREEMENTS BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS UNNECESSARY 146
4.1.5 STATE MEASURES ARE SUBJECT TO THE RULES FOR FREE
MOVEMENT 148
4.1.6 CONCLUSION ON ARTICLE 10 148
4.2 SPECIAL AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS (ARTICLE 86) 149
4.3 STATE AIDS (ARTICLES 87-89) 152
4.4 ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES (ARTICLE 133) 153
XVI EC COMPETITION LAW
4.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 154
5 ENFORCEMENT UNDER REGULATION 17 155
5.1 INTRODUCTION 155
5.2 STARTING THE PROCEDURE IN THE EC 156
5.2.1 NOTIFICATION (ARTICLES 4 AND 5) 156
5.2.2 COMPLAINTS 158
5.2.3 OWN INITIATIVE 159
5.2.4 FORMS FOR NOTIFICATION (REGULATION 27) 159
5.3 OBTAINING INFORMATION (ARTICLES 11-14) 160
5.3.1 REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION (ARTICLE 11) 161
5.3.2 INSPECTIONS (ARTICLE 14) 163
5.3.3 SECTOR ENQUIRIES (ARTICLE 12) 167
5.4 ORGANISATION OF THE COMPETITION DEPARTMENT 167
5.5 PROCEDURE (ARTICLE 19 AND REGULATION 99) 168
5.5.1 RIGHTS OF THE DEFENCE 169
5.5.2 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIONS 170
5.5.3 DISCLOSURE TO THE PARTIES OF COMMISSION'S EVIDENCE 170
5.5.4 THE HEARING 173
5.5.5 SUBSEQUENT STEPS 174
5.5.6 CONFIDENTIALITY (ARTICLE 20) 174
5.6 SUBSTANTIVE POWERS OF THE COMMISSION 176
5.6.1 NEGATIVE CLEARANCE (ARTICLE 2) 176
5.6.2 TERMINATION OF INFRINGEMENT (ARTICLE 3) 177
5.6.2.1 INTERIM MEASURES 177
5.6.2.2 FINES AND PENALTIES (ARTICLES 15 AND 16) 178
5.6.2.2.1 NOTICE ON THE METHOD OF SETTING
FINES 180
5.6.2.2.2 NOTICE ON THE REDUCTION OF CARTEL
FINES 180
5.6.3 EXEMPTION (ARTICLES 6-9) 181
5.6.3.1 WITHDRAWAL OF GROUP EXEMPTION 181
5.6.4 ADMINISTRATIVE LETTERS 182
5.6.5 SETTLEMENTS 184
5.6.6 APPEALS 185
5.6.6.1 BY A COMPLAINANT AGAINST AN EXEMPTION 186
CONTENTS XVII
5.7 WHETHER TO NOTIFY 186
5.8 CRITICISM OF THE PROCEDURE AND FUTURE LEGISLATION 186
5.9 WHITE PAPER ON MODERNISATION 187
5.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 192
6 CIVIL LAW SANCTIONS 195
6.1 INJUNCTIONS AND ACTIONS FOR DAMAGES 195
6.2 ENFORCEMENT BY NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES 198
6.3 NULLITY (ARTICLE 81(2)) 200
6.3.1 THE EARLY CASE LAW 201
6.3.2 THE SECOND BRASSERIE DE HAECHT CASE 201
6.3.3 OLD AGREEMENTS AFTER THE SECOND BRASSERIE DE HAECHT
CASE 202
6.3.4 NEW AGREEMENTS 203
6.3.4.1 COMFORT LETTERS 203
6.3.4.2 SHORT FORM EXEMPTIONS 204
6.3.4.3 PROBLEMS DUE TO THE COMMISSION'S EXCLUSIVE
POWER TO EXEMPT 205
6.3.4.4 WHITE PAPER 207
6.3.5 ACCESSION AGREEMENTS 208
6.4 WHETHER TO NOTIFY 208
6.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF NOTIFYING 209
6.4.1.1 IMMUNITY FROM FINES 209
6.4.1.2 INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTION 209
6.4.1.3 A COMFORT LETTER IS NOT AN EXEMPTION 209
6.4.1.4 REPUTATION 210
6.4.1.5 EVIDENCE THAT INFRINGEMENT WAS INTENTIONAL 210
6.4.2 DISADVANTAGES OF NOTIFYING 210
6.4.2.1 TROUBLE 210
6.4.2.2 SKELETONS 210
6.4.2.3 NATIONAL LAW 210
6.4.2.4 OPPORTUNITY TO RENEGOTIATE 210
6.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 211
XVIII EC COMPETITION LAW
7 CLASSES OF AGREEMENT CLEARLY PROHIBITED 213
7.1 DISTINCTION BETWEEN NAKED AND ANCILLARY RESTRICTIONS OF
COMPETITION AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 213
7.1.1 NAKED RESTRAINTS ILLEGAL PER SE 213
7.1.2 ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS MAY BE JUSTIFIED 214
7.1.3 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS 215
7.2 NAKED HORIZONTAL CARTELS AFFECTING PRICE AND ALLOCATING
MARKETS 219
7.2.1 INDIRECT INFLUENCES ON PRICING POLICIES 220
7.2.2 INFORMATION AGREEMENTS 221
7.2.3 JOINT SALES ORGANISATIONS 223
7.2.4 AGREEMENTS ABOUT STANDARD CONDITIONS OF SALE 225
7.2.5 MARKET ALLOCATION 225
7.2.6 MAXIMUM BUYING PRICES 226
7.3 COLLECTIVE DISCRIMINATION*BOYCOTTS AND RECIPROCAL
EXCLUSIVE DEALING 226
7.4 COLLECTIVE AGGREGATED DISCOUNTS 228
7.5 AGREEMENTS TO TIE THE SALE OF ONE ITEM TO ANOTHER 228
7.6 EXPORT BANS 229
7.6.1 EXPORT DETERRENTS 231
7.6.2 EXPORT BOOSTERS 233
7.7 CONCLUSION 234
7.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 235
8 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 237
8.1 EXEMPTION OF INDIVIDUAL AGREEMENTS 237
8.2 CLEARANCE OF EXCLUSIVE DEALING AGREEMENTS 238
8.3 FORMER GROUP EXEMPTIONS FOR EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING AGREEMENTS 238
8.4 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 239
CONTENTS XIX
8.5 FRANCHISING 242
8.5.1 E.C.J.'S JUDGMENT IN PRONUPTIA 242
8.6 GROUP EXEMPTIONS FOR EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
REGULATION 1790/9913 244
8.6.1 'VERTICAL RESTRAINTS'(ARTICLE 2) 246
8.6.2 NO WHITE LIST 248
8.6.3 30% CEILING OF MARKET SHARE (ARTICLE 3) 248
8.6.4 BLACK LISTS (ARTICLES 4 & 5) 249
8.6.5 WITHDRAWAL OF EXEMPTION (ARTICLES 6*8) 252
8.6.6 TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLE 12) 253
8.6.7 WAYS OF BRINGING GOODS AND SERVICES TO MARKET 253
8.7 AGENCY 254
8.8 COLLECTIVE EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 255
8.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 255
9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 257
9.1 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND COMPETITION 257
9.2 BIRTH OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE EXISTENCE OF RIGHTS AND
THEIR EXERCISE 258
9.3 FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 259
9.4 THE EXHAUSTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WHEN A
PRODUCT HAS BEEN SOLD BY OR WITH THE CONSENT OF THE HOLDER
IN ANOTHER MEMBER STATE 259
9.4.1 EARLY CASES ON EXHAUSTION 259
9.4.2 COPYRIGHT*THE ECJ EMPHASISES THE NEED FOR REWARDS
AND INCENTIVES 264
9.4.3 LAW OF UNFAIR COMPETITION 267
9.4.4 RIGHTS IN REPUTATION*TRADE MARKS 268
9.4.4.1 REPACKAGING AND RELABELLING OF TRADE
MARKED GOODS 270
9.4.5 MERCK V. STEPHAR REMAINS THE LAW 272
9.4.6 SALES OUTSIDE THE EEA DO NOT EXHAUST INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS 273
9.4.6.1 EXHAUSTION APPLIES TO GOODS SOLD ANYWHERE IN
THE EEA 274
XX EC COMPETITION LAW
9.5 HARMONISATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 274
9.5.1 COPYRIGHT 275
9.5.2 TRADEMARKS 276
9.5.3 PATENTS 276
9.5.3.1 SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION CERTIFICATES 277
9.6 CONCLUSION 277
9.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 278
10 LICENCES OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 281
10.1 INTRODUCTION: RATIONALE FOR THE GRANT OF PATENT
PROTECTION 281
10.2 THE COMMISSION'S VIEW 283
10.3 THE COURT'S VIEW 284
10.4 THE FORMER GROUP EXEMPTIONS FOR PATENT, KNOW-HOW
AND MIXED LICENCES 288
10.5 THE GROUP EXEMPTION FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER *
REGULATION 240/96 288
10.5.1 THE EXEMPTION (ARTICLE 1) 289
10.5.1.1 'TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS' 289
10.5.1.2 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION 290
10.5.1.3 OTHER EXEMPTED PROVISIONS 293
10.5.1.4 OBLIGATIONS OF MORE LIMITED SCOPE 293
10.5.2 THE WHITE LIST (ARTICLE 2) 293
10.5.3 THE BLACK LIST (ARTICLE 3) 294
10.5.4 THE OPPOSITION PROCEDURE (ARTICLE 4) 295
10.5.5 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (ARTICLES 7-13) 296
10.5.6 CONCLUSION 297
10.6 LICENCES OF OTHER KINDS OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS 297
10.7 THE SUBCONTRACTING NOTICE 298
10.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 299
CONTENTS XXI
11 CONCENTRATIONS 301
11.1 CONTROL UNDER ARTICLES 81 AND 82 301
11.2 THE MERGER REGULATION*REGULATION 4064/89 302
11.2.1 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF SOLE CONTROL 302
11.2.2 CONCENTRATIVE JOINT VENTURES 303
11.2.3 THRESHOLDS 306
11.2.4 NOTIFICATION 307
11.2.5 PROCEDURE 308
11.2.6 CRITERIA FOR APPRAISAL BY THE COMMISSION 309
11.2.6.1 COMPETITIVE CRITERIA 310
11.2.6.2 WIDER MARKETS 311
11.2.6.3 EFFICIENCIES 312
11.2.6.4 COLLECTIVE DOMINANT POSITION 313
11.2.7 MERGER TASK FORCE 315
11.2.8 EARLIER IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS DO NOT APPLY TO
CONCENTRATIONS 315
11.2.9 POWERS OF THE COMMISSION 316
11.2.10 ONE STOP CONTROL 317
11.2.11 THE COMMISSION'S POWER TO OBTAIN INFORMATION 319
11.2.12 FINES 319
11.2.13 MISCELLANEOUS 319
11.3 CONCLUSION 320
11.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 321
12 JOINT VENTURES AND SPECIALISATION AGREEMENTS 323
12.1 INTRODUCTION 323
12.2 CO-OPERATIVE JOINT VENTURES 324
12.2.1 THE COMMISSION'S CONCERNS ABOUT JOINT VENTURES 325
12.2.1.1 INHERENT EFFECT: LOSS OF POTENTIAL
COMPETITION 325
12.2.1.2 THE GROUP EFFECT*SPILLOVER 328
12.2.1.3 FORECLOSURE 329
12.2.1.4 NETWORKS OF JOINT VENTURES 329
XXII EC COMPETITION LAW
12.2.1.5 ANCILLARY RESTRICTIONS 330
12.2.1.5.1 THE NEED FOR EACH PARTY TO
APPROPRIATE THE BENEFITS OF
ITS INVESTMENT 330
12.2.1.5.2 JOINT SALES ORGANISATIONS 331
12.2.2 MORE REALISTIC ATTITUDE TO BE TAKEN TO POTENTIAL
COMPETITION 332
12.2.2.1 ODIN 334
12.2.2.2 EUROPEAN NIGHT SERVICES 335
12.2.3 DISADVANTAGES TO INDUSTRY OF THE COMMISSION'S
REFUSAL TO CLEAR JOINT VENTURES 337
12.2.4 THE GROUP EXEMPTION 339
12.3 CONCLUSION 339
12.4. SPECIALISATION AGREEMENTS 340
12.4.1 EFFECTS OF SPECIALISATION AGREEMENTS ON
COMPETITION 340
12.4.2 INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS 341
12.4.3 GROUP EXEMPTION*REGULATION 417/85 342
12.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 344
13 CONCLUSION*THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN
JUDGMENTS AND DECISIONS AND OF CONTRACTUAL VALIDITY 347
13.1 INTRODUCTION 347
13.1.1 LACK OF REASONING TO CONNECT SPECIFIC FACTS WITH
THE LEGAL CONCLUSIONS 347
13.1.2 THE COMMISSION'S VIEW THAT ARTICLE 81(1) PROHIBITS
ANY RESTRICTION OF CONDUCT THAT IS SIGNIFICANT ON THE
MARKET 349
13.1.3 THE NOTIFICATION AND EXEMPTION ROCESS HAS
BROKEN DOWN TO THE DETRIMENT OF LEGAL CERTAINTY 352
13.1.4 THE NEED TO ANALYSE EX ANTE: AT THE TIME THE
COMMITMENTS ARE MADE 354
13.1.5 AGREEMENTS MAY HAVE TO BE RENEGOTIATED AFTER THE
BARGAINING POWER HAS SHIFTED 354
13.2 STEPS TAKEN BY THE COMMISSION TO REMEDY THE LACK OF
LEGAL CERTAINTY 357
13.2.1 COMFORT LETTERS AND SHORT FORM EXEMPTIONS 357
CONTENTS XXIII
13.2.2 GROUP EXEMPTIONS 357
13.2.3 THE NEW GROUP EXEMPTION FOR VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 360
13.2.4 THE WHITE PAPER ON MODERNISATION 361
13.3 THE COURT'S ANALYSIS HAS BEEN MORE HELPFUL THAN THAT OF
THE COMMISSION 362
13.3.1 SOME OPINIONS AND JUDGMENTS HAVE RECOGNISED
THE NEED FOR INCENTIVES TO INVESTMENT 362
13.3.2 THE DOCTRINE OF ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 362
13.4 ARTICLE 82 INTENDED TO PROTECT CONSUMERS NOT PARTICULAR
COMPETITORS 364
13.4.1 DUTY TO SUPPLY NARROWED 365
13.4.2 PREDATION ILLEGAL ONLY IF RECOUPMENT 365
13.4.3 DISCRIMINATION FORBIDDEN VERY WIDELY*IS
PROHIBITION LIMITED TO ARTICLE 86? 365
13.4.4 JOINT DOMINANT POSITION 366
13.5 CONCLUSION 366
13.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 367
MAIN BIBLIOGRAPHY 369
GLOSSARY 375
APPENDIX I EXCERPTS FROM THE EC TREATY 385
APPENDIX II TEXT OF REGULATION 17 389
APPENDIX HI TABLE OF EQUIVALENCES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 12 OF
THE TREATY OF AMSTERDAM 401 |
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| author | Korah, Valentine |
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| callnumber-raw | KJE6456.K673 2000 |
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| classification_rvk | PS 3360 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)885135817 (DE-599)BVBBV013389894 |
| dewey-full | 341.7/5321 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
| dewey-raw | 341.7/53 21 |
| dewey-search | 341.7/53 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.7 253 221 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 7. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| id | DE-604.BV013389894 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T09:17:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1841131407 |
| language | English |
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| physical | LIX, 419 S. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
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| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Hart |
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| spelling | Korah, Valentine Verfasser (DE-588)132368080 aut An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice Valentine Korah EC competition law and practice 7. ed. Oxford [u.a.] Hart 2000 LIX, 419 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union European Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd rswk-swf Competition, Unfair -- European Union countries Antitrust law -- European Union countries Restraint of trade -- European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 s DE-604 Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 b 1\p DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009133688&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Korah, Valentine An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice Europäische Union European Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Competition, Unfair -- European Union countries Antitrust law -- European Union countries Restraint of trade -- European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)35439-9 (DE-588)4121924-7 |
| title | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice |
| title_alt | EC competition law and practice |
| title_auth | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice |
| title_exact_search | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice |
| title_full | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice Valentine Korah |
| title_fullStr | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice Valentine Korah |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice Valentine Korah |
| title_short | An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice |
| title_sort | an introductory guide to ec competition law and practice |
| topic | Europäische Union European Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Competition, Unfair -- European Union countries Antitrust law -- European Union countries Restraint of trade -- European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union European Union Europäische Gemeinschaften Competition, Unfair -- European Union countries Antitrust law -- European Union countries Restraint of trade -- European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
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