Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2000
|
| Series: | Neurologic clinics
18,3 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII S., S. 517 - 771 Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |c James W. Albers ... guest ed. |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Neurologic clinics |v 18,3 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Neurotoxicologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Neurotoxines | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Troubles mentaux | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mental Disorders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurotoxic agents | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurotoxicity Syndromes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurotoxicology | |
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| adam_text | CLINICAL NEUROBBHAV1ORAL TOXICOLOGY
CONTENTS
Preface xi
James W. Albers and Stanley Berent
Background
Classification of Neurotoxic Responses Based on Vulnerability
of Cellular Sites 517
Herbert H. Schaumburg and Peter S. Spencer
An ideal classification of neurotoxic substances should link the vul¬
nerable target of chemical attack to alterations in neural function.
There is little basis for classifying agents based on their common
use or physico chemical properties. Outlined in this article are the
principal cellular targets of substances that perturb the nervous
system structure and function.
Mechanisms of Neurotoxic Injury and Cell Death 525
Elizabeth S. McDonald and Anthony J. Windebank
Neurotoxic injury to the nervous system produces neuronal death
or distal axonal degeneration. Neurotoxin induced demyelination
is relatively rare in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Major advances have occurred in our understanding of the mech¬
anisms of apoptotic cell death. The pathways leading to apoptosis
offer many new approaches to neuroprotection.
Developmental Considerations of Neurotoxic Exposures 541
Christine L. Trask and Barry E. Kosofsky
In this article, the authors provide a conceptual framework in
which to consider alternative approaches to identify the develop¬
mental consequences of exposing the developing brain to neuro¬
toxic substances. Concepts underlying brain development and is¬
sues regarding neurobehavioral testing in children are reviewed.
In addition, the authors selectively review preclinical data identi
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
VOLUME 18 • NUMBER 3 • AUGUST 2000 V
fying mechanisms contributing to neurobehavioral compromise,
and clinical data identifying deficits resulting from exposure to two
classes of neurotoxins: exposure to drugs of abuse, including al¬
cohol, nicotine, and cocaine; and exposure to environmental agents,
including lead, methyl mercury, PCBs, and organophosphorus
compounds.
Methodology
The Role of Quantitative Neurological Examination
in Clinical Neurotoxicology 563
Margit L. Bleecker
The use of the clinical neurological examination to document ab¬
normal signs in suspected neurotoxic disorders is described, rec¬
ognizing that identifying an abnormal examination does not estab¬
lish the cause of the problem. Several forms of quantitative tests of
neurological function are discussed, and their application to the
evaluation of neurotoxic disorders is reviewed. Although results
of such testing are rarely specific for toxic exposure, these measures
have important application in sequential evaluations to document
small changes in neurologic function over time.
Measuring Behavior 579
Thomas J. Boll
In this article, the author provides an overview of the neuropsy
chologic approach to evaluation of neurologic dysfunction. The
various strengths and weaknesses of this methodology are dis¬
cussed, and the steps of the neuropsychologic evaluation are de¬
tailed.
Electrophysiologic Evaluations 601
Peter Daniel Donofrio
Electrophysiologic testing in concert with the neurologic history
and physical examination can be useful for evaluating the patient
with suspected neurotoxicity. Procedures are selected depending
on whether the central or peripheral nervous system, or both, are
considered to be affected. Extensive data is available on the use of
nerve conduction studies to substantiate and serially follow pa¬
tients with peripheral neuropathy, and the electrophysiologic find¬
ings can be used to predict the most likely focus of pathology in
the peripheral nervous system. With this information in hand, the
electrodiagnostician can guide the clinical neurotoxicologist to¬
wards a broad differential diagnosis of the most likely neurotoxins.
Neuroimaging in Neurotoxicology 615
Kirk A. Frey
The development of imaging technology over the past 25 years has
had a profound impact on the clinical practices of a number of
medical disciplines. In this article, the author reviews the various
neuroimaging modalities and the neurologic processes that they
can address.
Epidemiologic Principles in the Evaluation of Suspected
Neurotoxic Disorders 631
David H. Garabrant
Epidemiology is the study of the patterns of disease and patterns
of exposures in human populations. The main goals of epidemi¬
ology are to determine whether specific population groups have
an increased risk of developing particular diseases and to deter¬
mine what factors may be associated with increased risks of dis¬
ease. In this article, the author focuses on epidemiologic studies of
potential neurotoxic exposures, reviewing the basic principles in¬
volved and the special challenges associated with providing evi¬
dence of causal relationships between exposure and adverse health
conditions.
Selected Classic Examples of Neurotoxic Disorders
The Role of Toxins in Disorders of Mood and Affect 649
Michael R. Trimble and Ennapadam S. Krishnamoorthy
This article deals with disorders of mood and the interaction be¬
tween mood and cognitive function. The various ways in which
environmental toxins can lead to disorders of mood are presented,
and discussions regarding the neurobiology of mood are pre¬
sented.
Basal Ganglia Neurotoxins 665
Roger L. Albin
The epidemiology, clinical features, pathology, and mechanisms of
action of basal ganglia neurotoxins are reviewed. Manganese, cy¬
anide, hydrogen sulfide, methanol, carbon monoxide, 3 nitropro
pionic acid, MPTP, and annonaceae alkaloids are discussed. The
probable mechanism of action for almost all basal ganglia neuro¬
toxins is inhibition of mitochondrial function with destruction of
the pallidum and putamen. MPTP produces selective loss of do
paminergic neurons because of selective uptake of a toxic metab¬
olite in dopaminergic neurons. The basis for selective vulnerability
of the putamen and pallidum is unknown.
Peripheral Neurotoxic Disorders 681
Mark B. Bromberg
The effects of several substances known to produce peripheral neu¬
ropathy are reviewed, as are the criteria espoused to be useful in
establishing their neurotoxicity. Included is a description of sys¬
temic and neurologic symptoms and signs important in identifi¬
cation of the neurotoxic disorder, and a description of the resultant
electrodiagnostic abnormalities.
The Effects of Toxins on Muscle 695
John J. Wald
Substances known to be myotoxic are reviewed, including descrip¬
tions of the resultant clinical syndromes and the mechanisms im¬
portant in their development. Certain host characteristics such as
altered immune and metabolic regulation are known to modulate
the effects of individual myotoxins, producing varied clinical syn¬
dromes. Evaluation procedures important in identifying a toxin
induced myopathy are described.
Biological Neurotoxins 719
Christopher G. Goetz and Ethan Meisel
The authors divide biological toxins into animal, plant, and bac¬
terial classes and discuss each within a context of demographic,
clinical and research examples. Advances in our knowledge are
highlighted, and the authors relate the implications of this knowl¬
edge to target specific neurologic involvement.
Controversies in Neurotoxicology: Current Status 741
James W. Albers and Stanley Berent
Several controversial neurotoxic syndromes have received notori¬
ety in the past several decades. For each, the controversy involves
the most fundamental question about the existence of the disorder
as a clinically diagnosable entity. Interestingly, the most contro¬
versial of these syndromes share several features, including argu¬
ment about the existence of each syndrome in the courtroom. The
authors focus their discussion on three problems (painter s en
cephalopathy, silicone breast implant neurotoxicity, and the Gulf
War syndrome) for which no scientific consensus has been reached
that would establish them as diagnosable disorders. These syn¬
dromes do not meet traditional disease criteria, and until a clear
set of symptoms and objective signs can be defined, a definite
course and clear cause demonstrated, and specific tests and treat¬
ments identified, these syndromes are likely to remain highly con¬
troversial.
Index 765
Subcription Information Inside back cover
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| series | Neurologic clinics |
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| spelling | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology James W. Albers ... guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 2000 XII S., S. 517 - 771 Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neurologic clinics 18,3 Neurotoxicologie gtt Neurotoxines Troubles mentaux Mental Disorders Neurotoxic agents Neurotoxicity Syndromes Neurotoxicology Neurotoxins Verhaltenspharmakologie (DE-588)4198733-0 gnd rswk-swf Nervengift (DE-588)4171484-2 gnd rswk-swf Neurotoxikologie (DE-588)4457830-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Nervengift (DE-588)4171484-2 s Verhaltenspharmakologie (DE-588)4198733-0 s DE-604 Neurotoxikologie (DE-588)4457830-1 s Albers, James W. Sonstige (DE-588)1057653608 oth Neurologic clinics 18,3 (DE-604)BV000003008 18,3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009068956&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology Neurologic clinics Neurotoxicologie gtt Neurotoxines Troubles mentaux Mental Disorders Neurotoxic agents Neurotoxicity Syndromes Neurotoxicology Neurotoxins Verhaltenspharmakologie (DE-588)4198733-0 gnd Nervengift (DE-588)4171484-2 gnd Neurotoxikologie (DE-588)4457830-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4198733-0 (DE-588)4171484-2 (DE-588)4457830-1 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |
| title_auth | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |
| title_exact_search | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |
| title_full | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology James W. Albers ... guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology James W. Albers ... guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology James W. Albers ... guest ed. |
| title_short | Clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |
| title_sort | clinical neurobehavioral toxicology |
| topic | Neurotoxicologie gtt Neurotoxines Troubles mentaux Mental Disorders Neurotoxic agents Neurotoxicity Syndromes Neurotoxicology Neurotoxins Verhaltenspharmakologie (DE-588)4198733-0 gnd Nervengift (DE-588)4171484-2 gnd Neurotoxikologie (DE-588)4457830-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neurotoxicologie Neurotoxines Troubles mentaux Mental Disorders Neurotoxic agents Neurotoxicity Syndromes Neurotoxicology Neurotoxins Verhaltenspharmakologie Nervengift Neurotoxikologie Aufsatzsammlung |
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