The undermining of Austria-Hungary: the battle for hearts and minds
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Basingstoke [u.a.]
Macmillan
2000
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| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 485 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780333804520 0312231512 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The undermining of Austria-Hungary |b the battle for hearts and minds |c Mark Cornwall |
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| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 |x Public opinion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 |z Austria | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 |z Austria |x Propaganda | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Austria - Foreign relations - 1867-1918 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Hungary - History - 1867-1918 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804128016228417536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | The Undermining of
Austria-Hungary
The Battle for Hearts and Minds
Mark Cornwall
Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Illustrations x
List of Maps xi
Preface xii
List of Abbreviations xv
1 A Theory of Front Propaganda 1
2 Austria-Hungary and the Control of Wartime Morale 16
3 The Experience of Propaganda against Russia 40
3 1 The campaign on the Eastern Front 40
3 2 The breaking of Russia 49
3 3 The Serbian campaign 62
4 Austria-Hungary s Campaign against Italy 74
4 1 The Italian target 74
4 2 The launch of an Austrian campaign 78
4 3 The impact of Austria-Hungary s front propaganda 92
5 The Seeds of Italy s Campaign 112
5 1 Obstacles to effective propaganda 112
5 2 The role of Italian military Intelligence 122
5 3 The dream of Carzano 131
5 4 The propaganda duel 149
6 Italy s Campaign against Austria-Hungary 174
6 1 The British contribution 174
6 2 Steed s coordinating mission 185
6 3 The Padua Commission 202
6 4 Trench propaganda 228
7 Austria-Hungary on the Defensive 257
7 1 The perception of enemy propaganda 257
7 2 The Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle 268
7 3 The case of the 42nd Honved Infantry Division 287
7 4 Austria loses the propaganda duel 299
vii
viii Contents
8 The Climax of Italian Psychological Warfare 320
8 1 The pressure of Crewe House and the Italian obstacle 320
8 2 An Italian or an Allied campaign? 332
8 3 Padua s summer campaign:
the Oppressed Nationalities 342
8 4 Padua s summer campaign: the Magyars
and German-Austrians 362
8 5 New trials in trench propaganda 373
9 Disintegration 405
9 1 The failure of patriotic instruction 405
92A final duel in front propaganda 415
10 Conclusion 433
Appendix 445
Bibliography 454
Index 466
List of Tables
7 1 Diminishing strength of the 42HID (1918) 297
7 2 Percentage of literate males, aged 16-50, in Austria,
Hungary and Bosnia-Hercegovina 300
7 3 Desertions to the Italian 4th Army, 15 May-14 June 1918 301
8 1 Propaganda and Reconnaissance Units, June-November 1918 377
9 1 Desertions from the Austrian 11th Army, 1-30 September 1918 408
ix
List of Illustrations
4 1 A Joke against a Joke : Austrian propaganda,
lampooning Gabriele D Annunzio (KA: Osterreichisches
Staatsarchiv, Kriegsarchiv, Vienna) 87
4 2 Spaghetti Signori! : Austrian propaganda,
satirizing the Italians (KA) 88
6 1 The Padua Commission in June 1918 (Antoni Szuber,
Walka o Przewage Duchowg, Warsaw, 1933) 206
7 1 Manifesto 16: Trumbic announces to Zagreb and
Ljubljana that Italian-Yugoslav relations are excellent (KA) 266
8 1 Manifesto 169: Serbs should reflect on the lessons of
Kosovo (KA) 347
8 2 Manifesto 243: Two Czech brothers meet on Val Bella (KA) 354
8 3 Manifesto 131: Czechs ought to follow the example of
Jan Hus(KA) 356
8 4 Manifesto 109: The death of Hungary is announced (KA) 364
8 5 Manifesto 228: Austria s identity papers are marked
Unscrupulousness , Slovenliness and Hunger (KA) 368
9 1 America rejects Burian s peace offer: Austria s final effort
at propaganda against Italy (KA) 418
9 2 Manifesto 352: A poem of Sandor Petofi to inspire
the Magyars (OHM: Orszagos Hadtorteneti Muzeum, Budapest) 425
x
List of Maps
2 1 Austria-Hungary in the First World War
4 1 The Italian Front in 1918
5 1 The Italian Front in 1917
5 2 The Front east of Asiago (June 1918)
xi
Index
AH
=
Austria-Hungary
PC
=
Padua Commission
For propaganda campaigns, see under fronts: Balkan Front, Eastern Front, Italian Front, etc.
Abano,
102, 149, 160, 161, 190, 205
Adriatic Sea,
10, 82, 113, 153, 212, 300
air warfare,
1, 101-2, 370-1
Albania,
62, 81, 91, 115, 371, 372, 416, 423
Albertini,
Clemente,
124
Albertini,
Luigi,
177, 180, 188, 227, 441
and front propaganda,
149, 159-61, 183,
189, 333, 334, 335
and nationality principle,
118, 119-20,
141, 158, 162, 163, 178, 180-1, 182,
330, 331, 332, 339-40
urged to become Italian Northcliffe ,
160
Aleksandar,
Regent of Serbia,
63
Alessi, Rino,
92-3, 108, 160
Allenby, General Edmund,
422
Ambrož, Emanuel,
377
Arriendóla,
Giovanni,
158, 160, 172, 180,
195, 331, 339, 340
American army,
89, 183, 220, 344, 422-3
Ancona,
106, 404
Arbeiterwille, 286
Arbeiter-Zeitung, 25, 29, 91, 285, 286
used in AH prop.,
52
used in Italian prop.,
343, 344, 366, 425-6
Area, Francesco,
204, 248
L Arena,
100
Armeeoberkommando (AOK:
Austrian
High Command),
19, 20, 21, 22, 26,
30-1, 32, 33, 34-5, 258, 279, 281, 303,
344
attention to morale and discipline,
268ff,
277, 371, 414
attitude to AH press,
284-6, 371, 373
and prop, against Italy,
79, 82, 86,93, 96,
103, 104, 285, 306, 308, 406, 419
and prop, against Russia,
40, 42,
44ff,
60-2, 405, 436
Arz
von Straussenburg,
General Arthur,
31, 42, 63-4, 139, 274, 406
and army morale,
33, 267-8, 269, 271,
284-5, 286
and enemy subversion,
8-9, 25 7-8,
272-3, 423
and prop, against Italy,
91
and prop, against Russia,
46, 47, 48, 49,
54, 69, 79
Asiago,
82, 142, 202, 233, 256, 276, 283,
289ff,
302, 304, 320, 382
Asolone, Monte,
82, 378
Assa,
Val d ,
386
Astico, river,
82, 94
Austria
civilian prop, centre created,
414
constitutional regime introduced,
29-30, 34-5, 284, 286
German course adopted in,
350, 360
Germans in, see German-Austrians
Ministry of Interior,
28, 284-5, 287, 414
parliament, see
Reichsrat
wartime emergency legislation in,
18, 21
wartime regime of
1914-17
described,
18-22
Austria-Hungary (AH),
AH prop, in Switzerland,
42
atmosphere in at start of war,
16, 18
Austrian High Command, see
Armeeoberkommando
authorities alarm at enemy prop.,
7, 41,
51, 60, 104, 152, 203, 257-68,
272-3, 299, 321, 369, 370-3, 387,
435
disintegration,
25, 30, 286, 320, 352,
414-15, 424-6, 443
military Intelligence, see AH military
Intelligence
final peace offers,
412, 417-19
food crisis,
29, 33, 91, 213, 257, 268,
278-83, 345, 355, 359, 406
Foreign Ministry, see BaUhausplatz
466
Index
467
front
prop, against Italy, see Italian Front
front prop, against Russia, see Eastern
Front
national councils created in,
325, 352,
353, 424
official history of the war see
Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg
patriotism in, see patriotism
postwar myth about Entente prop.,
8-9,
14, 257, 263, 444
propaganda coordination in,
42, 413-14
propaganda smuggled into via
Switzerland,
175-6, 205, 260, 262,
285, 365, 367
role of prop, in collapse of AH,
6, 8, 12,
421, 442-4
and separate peace with West,
119, 183,
217, 220-1, 222
strikes in,
91, 154, 257, 365, 366
subordination to Germany,
31, 217, 222,
279-80, 344, 349, 351, 362-3, 367
War Ministry,
19, 27, 273, 284, 371, 410
war weariness in,
28, 60, 268, 413
war zones in,
18-19, 23
AH airforce
and inferiority in air warfare,
86, 101-2,
150, 289-90, 372, 406
and resistance to spreading prop.,
85-6,
107, 209
AH army,
30-5, 305-6, 405-6
Regiments: BHIR
1, 131, 134;
BHIR2,
428;
BHIR8,
381-2;
SchR9,
145;
SchR12,
147;
FAR13,
383;
IR21,
230;
IR25,
64-5;
HIR25, 290ff; HIR26, 290ff;
IR28,
32, 378;
HIR28,
294;
HIR33,
297;
IR36,
32;
IR50,
236;
IR56,
230;
IR75,
52, 376;
IR88,
402;
IR113,
376-7;
IR116,
316
Divisions:
1st, 344;
6th,
410;
6KD,
378;
10th,
280-1, 329;
12th,
230, 329-30;
12thSch,
410;
18th,
131, 134, 283;
19th,
52;
22ndSch,
95;
26thSch,
145,
147, 233-5, 255, 290;
35th,
344,
423, 431;
36th,
295, 402;
42HID, see
Croats; 48th,
278;
54thSch,
272
Corps: I,
95, 264;
II,
276;
VII,
406-7; XIV,
94;
XV,
406;
XX,
85, 407; XXIV, 413
Armies:
2nd
army,
46, 51;
6th army,
82,
93, 109, 281, 307, 308, 409;
10th
army,
82, 85, 93-4, 264, 281-2, 372,
384, 386, 416, 422;
11th army,
82,
95-6, 282-3,
289ff,
308, 406, 408,
416, 422;
Isonzó
army
(KISA),
82,
85, 93, 97, 280-1, 307, 308, 376,
412, 416
civilians in arms ,
31, 35, 274
desertions, see desertions
discipline,
34, 37, 268-9, 275, 281, 378,
402, 407, 409
disintegration of,
405-6, 408-9, 412-13,
421, 426
losses,
31, 105, 288, 297-8, 343,
363, 406
manpower problems,
31, 65, 84, 277,
286, 288, 296-7, 406
material conditions,
31, 33, 35, 145, 278,
280-3, 289-90, 295, 313, 406-7, 412
morale in, see morale
patriotic instruction in, see
Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle
reorganization
(1917), 35, 192
revolts in,
262, 265, 270, 276, 287,
298-9, 305, 311, 406, 409, 426
stereotyping of nationalities,
32-5,
133, 428
on Western Front,
193, 344, 423
AH military Intelligence,
6, 9, 66, 92,
122, 205
and Allied prop.,
258-62, 263-4, 267
defence against Bolshevism,
60, 269
on Eastern Front,
44, 53, 55, 62, 417
organization,
60, 72
takes over prop, against Italy,
417
see also
Ronge
AH navy,
153, 252, 257, 276, 367, 372
spreads AH prop.,
81, 106
Avallan,
65
Az
Est,
363
Babec, Florijan,
304
Baden (base of AOK),
30
Badia Polesine,
238, 239
Badinka,
Martin,
404
Badoglio, General Pietro,
99, 104, 127, 149,
155, 160, 209, 320, 421
enthusiasm for prop, against
AH,
190,
197, 202, 227, 228, 237, 238, 239,
303, 372, 381
Baernreither, Josef,
20
Bahr,
Hermann,
26, 28
Bainsizza plateau,
76, 126-7, 137, 151
Baker, Bernard Granville (British delegate
to PC),
186, 188, 197, 198, 201, 202-3,
208, 211, 220, 225-6, 227, 240, 322,
468
Index
Baker, Bernard
Granville
-
continued
324, 325, 332-5, 336, 343, 362, 367,
402, 420
Bałfour,
Arthur,
183, 221, 224, 323, 324,
325-6, 333, 346
Balfour, Michael,
6
Ballhausplatz
(AH Foreign Ministry),
49,
62, 86, 162, 371, 410
propaganda section in,
42
Balkan Front,
31, 40, 411-12, 420
AH propaganda against Greece,
73
AH propaganda against Serbia,
62-6,
438;
arguments used,
63-5;
Croat
propaganda troops,
63-5;
guidelines,
64;
organization,
63-4;
results,
65-6, 159
Serbian propaganda against AH,
65,
73, 420
as theme in PC prop.,
411-12, 420
Banciu, Aristotele,
357
Bandino
(Austrian agent),
80
Barac,
Franjo,
243
Baradello,
Francesco,
165
Barek, Anton,
255
Barzilai,
Salvatore,
180, 195
Basi, Antonín,
377
Battisti, Cesare,
113-14, 125, 233
Bauer, Captain, 406
Beaverbrook,
Lord [Max
Aitken],
182, 201,
260, 261, 263, 413
Belgrade,
2, 276
Belošević,
Mirko, 256, 290-4, 375
Below, General
Otto von, 75, 343
Benedict XV, Pope
56, 76, 358, 426
Beneš, Edvard,
116-17, 120-1, 143, 157, 187,
195, 199, 221, 247, 323, 325-6, 424
Beogradski Novine,
65
Berne,
80, 124, 164, 204-5
Bethlen,
Count
István,
357
Bibbiena
(prison camp),
114, 126, 127
Bissolati,
Leonida, 99, 113-14, 117, 121,
126, 157, 158, 162, 177, 206, 214, 223,
226, 228, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330,
331-2, 340-1
blockade,
29, 91, 268
Bohemia,
19, 21, 37, 41, 116, 199, 205,
218, 267
Böhm-Ermolli, Heeresgruppe, 51
Bolshevik propaganda,
against AH,
59-60, 257-8, 269-70, 272,
274, 435
in Russian trenches,
51, 55-9
Bolzano
[Bozen], 124, 134, 427
Bongiovanni,
General
Luigi,
372
Borgese, Giuseppe Antonio,
118, 120, 141,
160, 180, 184, 185, 195, 227, 336-9,
340, 341, 441
and Berne press bureau,
119, 204-5, 263,
285, 333, 423
mission to Switzerland
(1917), 119, 164,
180, 204
Borgo,
134
Boroević,
Field Marshal Svetozar,
82,
97, 152, 178, 243, 281, 303, 342,
348-9, 373
Borovica,
Captain Pantelija,
44, 46, 51, 55
Boselli, Paolo,
76, 99, 113, 114
Bosnia-Hercegovina,
19-20, 25, 179, 211,
264, 277, 345
Bosnian Moslems,
134, 138, 211, 238,
250, 330
Bosnian Serbs,
19-20, 115, 133, 134, 140,
144, 240, 317, 381-2, 383
Brancaccio, Nicola,
116, 120, 128,
130, 131
Branković, Vuk,
349
Brătianu, Ion,
357
Bratislava,
267
Brázda, Oskar,
116, 126, 163
Breganze,
144
Brenner Pass,
113
Brenta,
river,
82, 93, 95, 145, 304
Brescia,
123, 125
Brest-Litovsk, peace
(1918), 59-60, 90, 218,
257, 269, 369, 417
British army in Italy,
82, 93, 100-2, 144,
184, 187, 192, 193, 202, 233, 371,
386-7, 421
Broccardi, Francesco,
100
Bruntz, George,
xii, 11
Brusilov offensive
(1916), 31, 128
Buchán,
John,
176, 182, 184
Bucharest,
53
Bucharest, peace of
(1918), 216, 357,
358, 369
Budapest,
16, 27, 154, 257, 258, 273,
365, 371
Budisavljević, Srdjan,
23
Bukovina,
19, 52
Bulgarian army,
63-5, 73, 129, 201, 407,
412, 420, 421, 422
Buzadžić,
Mile,
290
Burian,
Count
István,
14, 263, 371,
417-18
Index
469
Catturi, Franco,
227, 329
Čačić,
Sime,
134, 139
Cadorna, General
Luigi,
74-5, 77, 86, 87,
99, 137, 140, 162, 163, 172
Calamento, Val di,
134
Čapek,
Jan,
117
Capello,
General
Luigi,
77, 127
Caporetto,
battle
(1917), 74-82, 99, 101,
102, 113, 120, 133, 140, 142, 151,
162, 178
and defeatist
propaganda ,
75, 76, 105,
182, 188, 437
official investigation into,
74, 76, 77,
78-9
Carinthia,
21
Carniola,
267
Carpathian campaign
(1915), 31, 288
Carzano,
131-40, 427
Austrian inquiry into,
133, 138
Carzanci trained in Italy, 142ff
plot,
133-9
repercussions of,
133,
140ff,
148, 149,
156, 162
čas,
25
Casoni, Gaetano,
100
Castellare,
139
Castelli,
Arturo,
123
Castello Tesino,
290-1, 293
Catanzaro
mutiny,
77
Catherine II, Empress of Russia,
360
Cattaro naval mutiny
(1918), 153, 257,
265, 372
Cavan,
General Lord Frederick,
77, 101,
103, 187, 188, 192, 202, 302, 320-1,
421, 437
Cavazuccherina,
230
Cecil, Robert,
221, 222-3, 323
censorship,
4, 22, 27-9, 113, 205, 413
of AH press,
18, 19, 24-7, 35, 211, 219,
283-6, 351, 352, 357, 371, 373
and AOK press index ,
286, 314, 373
postal,
92, 100, 282, 295
Cenzato, Gaetano,
100
Chaix, Commandant,
336
Charles, see Karl
Chiese,
river,
85
Chlumecky,
Leopold
von, 414
Chytil, Bohumír,
116
Cima Tre Pezzi,
378, 386
Cimone, Monte,
94
Cis,
Damiano, 123
Cittaducale
(prison camp),
236
Cižek, Karel,
233
Clam-Martinic,
Count
Heinrich,
30
Clemenceau, Georges, 11,
89, 187, 200,
222, 260, 424
Cockerill, General
George,
5, 6, 11, 175
Cocking, Dorothy,
201
Colpi, Giuseppe,
123
Comando Supremo (CS:
Italian High
Command),
75, 76, 77, 99, 101, 137,
140, 187, 210, 225, 340
and Czech and Yugoslav volunteers,
144,
156-7, 159, 228, 237, 238, 239, 332,
380-1, 385
and military Intelligence,
75, 122-3, 124,
164, 202
view of AH in final months,
320, 387,
420-1
view of front propaganda,
98, 112, 127,
128, 144, 149, 155, 159, 160, 161,
162, 188, 190, 195, 202, 209; 235,
242, 248, 303, 306, 321, 342, 369,
421, 427, 436
see also Badoglio, Cadorna, Diaz
Comandini, Ubaldo,
117, 121, 170
Committee on Public Information
(CPI),
335-6
Concei, Val dei,
233, 381, 384
Conegliano,
150, 374
Congress of Oppressed Nationalities
(1918)
expectations after,
200, 211, 218, 220,
221, 261
origins of,
180-1, 184, 185
takes place,
191, 195-7, 199, 203, 207,
215, 216, 227
Conrad
von Hötzendorf,
Field Marshal
Franz,
82, 103, 139, 281, 307, 435
and army morale,
33-5, 203-4
criticizes AH hinterland,
19, 32, 33-5,
268, 282
dismissed by Emperor,
29, 30, 303, 364
view of enemy prop.,
8, 97, 203
Consulta,
see Italian Foreign Ministry;
Sonnino
Coppola, Francesco,
329-30
Corfu,
63, 115, 194
Corfu Declaration
(1917), 118, 136,
177, 178, 179, 181, 188, 212, 227,
332, 345
Cormons,
127
Corno,
Monte,
233
Corriere della Sera,
81, 97, 118, 158, 178,
179, 180, 206, 369, 436
470
Index
Corriere della Sera
-
continued
campaigns for prop, against AH,
159-60,
162, 172
campaign against Sonnino,
330, 332,
339-40, 411, 420
Corvara,
134
Coşbu, Gheorghe,
355
Cotruş,
A. (Romanian delegate to PC),
206,
207, 216, 218, 334, 358, 362
Courland,
47, 49, 68
Cremona,
114
Crewe House, see Department of
Propaganda in Enemy Countries;
Northcliffe; Steed
Crinis, Walter
de,
95
Croatia,
23, 279, 288, 291, 296-7, 316, 413
Diet
(Sabor),
23, 350, 351
Croat propaganda
issued by Italy pre-1918,
130
issued by PC,
211-13, 264, 289, 292,
345-52, 376, 423
Croats,
21, 383
dual allegiance ,
23, 243, 289,
295-6
42HID,
276-7, 287-99, 315, 330
in AH army,
31, 33, 35, 113, 144, 177,
192, 238, 240, 241, 276-7, 304
used in propaganda against Serbia,
63-5
culture, popular in AH,
27-9
Curie, Ante,
381-2
Czechoslovakia,
116, 120, 129, 176,
213-14, 293, 353, 426
and myth of common wartime sacrifice,
9, 14, 355, 382, 444
Czechoslovak Legion in Italy,
77, 121, 126,
131, 149, 155-6, 159, 195, 207, 254,
278, 301, 385, 440
AH disinformation against D.R.U.P.,
321, 384-6, 404, 416
and combat at front,
374-5, 377-8, 424
established,
157-8, 220
expansion of,
228-9, 240, 383
theme in PC prop.,
214, 353, 375, 424
Czechoslovak National Council,
114,
116-17, 120-1, 205, 213, 221, 228,
240, 323, 325-6, 340, 376
Czech propaganda
issued by PC,
207, 210, 213-14, 218-19,
221, 225, 264, 353-6, 424
issued by Russians,
41, 51-2
in Italy,
116-17, 127, 155-9
on Italian Front pre-May
1918, 116,
128-31, 147, 154, 166, 193, 194, 268
unit on Eastern Front,
41, 51-2
Czech prop, patrols on Italian Front,
112,
142, 144, 145-8, 155, 159, 228-35,
373-9, 381-2
AH response to,
233, 264, 371, 374, 376,
378, 382, 384, 411, 429
and dangers of patrol work,
147-8, 231,
235, 374, 375
effectiveness of,
147-8, 229, 230, 233,
235, 299, 300, 301-2, 375-6, 378,
384, 442
singing,
142, 145, 148, 177, 229, 233, 376
Czechs,
30, 33
as agents behind enemy lines,
304-5,
379, 383-4, 386-7
in AH army,
21, 32, 33, 34, 75, 125,
127, 133, 134, 136, 138, 145, 147,
177, 230, 233-5, 271, 278, 290, 378,
410, 428
in Bohemia-Moravia,
16, 21, 29, 30, 136,
213, 218, 285-6, 325, 353, 355
community in Switzerland,
124, 205, 219
memoirs about war,
9, 321
Czernin, Count
Ottokár,
46, 48, 49, 54, 59,
68, 69, 86, 90, 106, 193, 213, 257, 360
Częstochowa,
210
Dąbrowski, Henryk,
215, 216
Dalmaţia,
21, 112, 114, 118, 119, 163, 179,
203, 208, 209, 264-5, 291, 372
Daniel,
Ute, 3
D Annunzio, Gabriele,
87, 172, 321,
369-70, 371, 373
Dante Alighieri,
117
Daszyński, Ignacy,
360
Davy, Robert,
414
Deák, István,
31
declaration movement (Yugoslav),
212-13,
265
De Giulli, Ivo,
179, 200, 220, 223, 325
De László, Philip,
259
Delme-Radcliffe,
Brigadier-General
Charles,
75, 78, 99, 101, 102-3, 105,
109, 111, 192, 221, 245-6, 305, 327
character,
188-9
role in Italy s propaganda campaign,
188, 190, 191, 197, 198, 201, 220,
222, 225, 227-8, 332, 348, 436
De Luca,
Benedetto (Romanian delegate to
PC),
206-7, 216, 236
Index
471
De Marchi,
Nikola,
240, 241, 256, 380
De Martino, Giacomo,
117
Deneke,
175, 205
Department
of
Propaganda in
Enemy
Countries (British EPD),
220-2, 224,
322, 326, 328, 367, 420
AH
view of,
174, 259-63, 285, 287, 426
and Allied propaganda conferences,
184-5, 261, 323, 335-9, 340, 365, 367
attitude to PC,
227, 332-3, 335, 339
dissolved,
426-7
established,
159-60, 182-3, 434
mythical reputation,
6-9, 11, 174,
200-1, 305
organization,
200-1
and propaganda against Bulgaria,
201
and propaganda against Germany,
200-1, 248, 321
and propaganda against Turkey,
201
tries to sharpen Italy s policy on AH,
322,
326-8, 337-9
see also Steed
desertions
Czechs,
32, 34, 75, 125-6, 127, 129, 145,
147, 165, 229, 230, 231, 268, 305,
376, 378, 381, 408
from AH army,
34-5, 75, 125, 142, 143,
153, 270, 276, 278, 290-6, 299-302,
305, 314, 367, 376, 381, 405, 406,
408-9
green cadres (in AH),
296-7, 408
from Italian army,
76, 80, 92, 93, 145,
168, 307
from Romanian army,
54, 70
from Russian army,
41, 50, 54
from Serbian army,
63, 65, 73
De Viti De
Marco,
Antonio,
117, 195
Diaz, General Armando,
104, 160, 187,
188, 189, 320, 421
appointed Italian chief of staff,
99
and prop, against AH,
149, 161, 162,
198, 202, 203, 237, 303, 342, 369,
370, 420
scepticism over Czech Legion,
155, 156,
158, 172, 374
Di Cesarò, Colonna,
116, 180, 195
Dimitrijević, Dragutin
( Apis ),
72
Dinaie, Ottavio,
380
Djurić,
Cvi
jo,
134
Dmowski, Roman,
195
DOHL see German High Command
(DOHL)
Doležel,
165
Donald, Robert,
260, 263
Donati,
Giuseppe,
208, 420
Donauland,
28
Dosso Alto,
378, 424
Dragomirov, General A.M.,
48, 50
Drobac, Ante,
377
Družina
(Czech unit on Eastern Front),
41
Dukhonin, General N.N.,
58
Dupont,
Major,
127, 145, 229, 241,
374, 377
Dürich,
Josef,
129, 166
Eastern Front,
5, 28, 31, 32, 279, 361
Central Powers propaganda against
Russia,
40-62;
AH military qualms
about,
45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 59, 435;
arguments used in,
41,
42ff,
49, 50,
52, 56-7, 58, 67;
armistice offer
made,
47-8, 49, 69;
campaign
launched
(1917), 4-5, 11, 42-3;
conflict between Germany and AH,
44, 47, 49-50, 54, 62;
dangers of
propaganda work,
54, 61, 72;
distribution,
41, 42, 51, 52;
Entente
attacked in,
44, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56-7,
58, 61, 62;
Germany s initiative,
41-2, 44, 45;
guidelines issued,
43-4,
49, 52, 56-7, 59, 68, 69, 71;
ignored
in historiography,
6, 9, 10, 11, 40;
interacts with Bolshevik
propaganda,
51, 56, 57-9, 439;
interacts with Russian hinterland,
49, 53, 56-8, 61, 62, 86, 159, 405,
437;
myth of,
41, 60-2, 142, 145,
159, 182, 222, 292, 433-4;
newspapers used in,
43, 44, 46, 52-7,
62;
oral propaganda,
43, 44, 45, 50,
52, 54, 56, 57, 62, 71, 437-8;
organization,
44-6;
pictorial
imagery in,
44, 56, 438;
pre-1917,
41;
results, success of,
10, 40, 45,
48-9, 50, 54, 57, 60-2, 63, 68, 434;
against Romanian army,
51, 53-4,
64;
subversion in Russian interior,
42-3, 47, 61, 67;
against Ukrainians,
51, 70;
by wireless,
50, 58, 59
fraternization on,
5, 43, 45, 48, 54, 58,
59-60, 272, 290
Russian propaganda against Central
Powers,
41, 43, 48, 50, 5
Iff,
67, 70,
272;
use of Czechs,
41, 45, 51-2;
472 Index
Eastern Front
-
continued
pre-1917,
4, 41;
see also Bolshevik
propaganda
in Second World War,
2
as theme in Italian prop.,
193, 345,
361, 423
Echele, Col
d ,
145, 234
Edgell, G.H. (American delegate to PC),
335, 419
education in AH,
32
Edwards, Middleton,
175, 205
Eichhorn,
General Hermann
von, 345
Eisner-Bubna, Colonel
Wilhelm, 27, 42,
311, 414-15
Emanuel,
Guglielmo,
159, 178, 185, 188,
197, 337
EPD see Department of Propaganda in
Enemy Countries (British EPD)
Epiphany Declaration
(1918), 154, 213
Epoca,
329
Erti,
138
Erveso, Elvezia, 150
espionage,
55, 123-5, 138, 165, 167, 304,
321, 373, 383-4, 386-7
Esterházy,
Count
Moritz, 366
Etna, General,
137, 140
Eugen,
Archduke,
280
Fascio della Difesa Nazionale,
158, 180,
195, 196
fascism, in Italy,
10, 140, 441
Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle [FAst :
Enemy
Propaganda
Defence Agency],
32, 100, 369, 370, 434-5
arguments in instruction,
274-6, 279,
283, 349, 410-12
complains at lack of civil action,
413-14
created,
271-4
dissolved,
426
finał
efforts,
409-14
training courses and network,
273,
275-7, 312, 409, 428
weaknesses of,
271, 273, 274-5, 277-8,
286-7, 298, 407, 409, 411-14, 440
Fayolle, General
Emil,
101
Fedel, Martin,
381-2
Felger, Friedrich, 14
Felix,
Jindřich,
377
Feltre,
150
Fényes, László,
363, 373
Ferdinand,
King of Romania,
53, 357
Ferrari, General,
233-4
Fiala,
Peter,
303
film as propaganda,
27, 311
Finzi, Major
Cesare Pettorelli
Lalatta,
10,
123, 126, 153, 154, 161, 165, 188, 240
background,
125
becomes 6th army Intelligence head,
144
and Carzanoplot,
133, 135-9, 167, 427
and
Pivko s
unit in Italy,
140-3, 147-8,
149, 155, 238, 241, 302, 375, 377
and use of prop, against AH,
130, 144,
149, 156, 160, 162, 190-2, 205,
218, 228, 233, 292, 304, 373, 385,
436, 439
view of AH,
125, 191-2, 320, 387
view of Yugoslavs,
136, 139, 141,
208, 380
Fleischmann,
Captain
Moritz, 45, 49
Foch,
Marshal Ferdinand,
343, 423
Fontana Secca,
Monte,
95, 319
Fossalta
di Piave,
230
Fournol,
Etienne,
195, 220, 325
Fourteen Points (Wilson s),
179, 182, 258,
412, 418, 419
France,
24, 118-19, 120, 121, 180, 191, 193,
195, 220, 223, 224, 328, 331, 338, 421
foreign ministry,
116, 220
military Intelligence,
11, 123
and policy on AH,
199, 323-5, 424
prop, activity,
11, 184-5, 187, 195, 201,
249, 260, 263, 335-6
see also French army
Franchet d Esperay, General Louis,
422
Frankfurter
Zeitung, 217
Franklin-Bouillon, Henri,
156, 184, 187,
195, 196, 200, 220, 260-1, 325
Frankopan, Krsto,
211, 289, 293
Franz Joseph, Emperor-King,
21, 29, 186
Frederick II, King of Prussia,
360
French army,
65, 82, 93, 100-1, 102, 144,
147, 192, 193, 197, 202, 233, 290, 320
Frenzella,
Val,
145, 234, 255
Friedl,
64
front propaganda,
3, 433-44
emerges during First World War,
1-2,
4ff
.
interwar historiography of,
7-11
recent historiography of,
xii, 6-7, 11-12,
174-5
history of,
2
and letter-traffic,
41, 45, 53, 63-5, 84, 92,
93, 95, 151
as modern weapon of warfare ,
41, 45,
62, 79, 96, 97, 160, 202, 418, 436
Index 473
in war
of movement,
5, 52, 55, 422
seen as unchivalrous ,
8, 10, 40, 55, 61,
96, 192, 202, 260, 435
see also under individual fronts,
countries
Frydman, Captain (11AK prop.officer),
95-7, 436
Funder, Friedrich, 259
Fyfe, Hamilton,
201
Gablenz, Major Richard,
278
Galántai, József,
12
Galicia,
19, 20, 21, 41, 52, 54, 130, 195,
207, 215, 257, 262, 276, 285, 345,
359-60, 409
Gallenga Stuart, Romeo,
160, 178, 184,
189, 197-8, 204, 205, 208, 225, 236,
245, 261, 331-2, 336, 340, 413, 423
Garda,
Lake,
79, 85, 124, 381, 383-4
Garmccio, Colonel,
119, 120, 131, 164
gas,
74, 79
Gay, Nelson,
195
Gazzari,
Julije,
119, 164, 202, 237
Gazzetta del Veneto,
92, 150-1
Gazette
des Ardennes,
4
Geneva,
119, 175
Genoa,
358
George V, King,
44
German-Austrian propaganda
issued by Italy in early
1918, 152
issued by PC,
209, 217-18, 367-71,
435-6
issued by Russians,
43
German-Austrians,
16, 18, 21, 28, 33, 212,
350, 412, 426
in AH army,
33, 34-5, 84, 107, 235,
271, 283
German army,
63, 75, 82, 89, 186, 193
German Foreign Ministry,
42-3, 67, 68
German High Command (DOHL),
42, 45,
47, 49, 55, 63-4, 90, 406
annexationist aims in East,
46-7, 49, 54,
56-7, 58, 62, 90, 112, 441
German military Intelligence,
42, 46, 58
Germany,
24, 31, 86, 200-1, 279, 320, 411,
417, 419
and patriotic instruction,
272-3,
409, 434
and postwar myth about Allied prop.,
8,
10, 14
and prop, abroad,
42, 244
prop, smuggled into via Holland,
175
Giardino,
General Gaetano,
121, 187, 302
Gibbs, Philip,
108
Giornale d Italia,
81, 227, 261, 340, 372
Giovannazzi, Giovanni,
124
Giulian front, see
Isonzó
Głabiński, Stanisław,
360
Glaise-Horstenau, Edmund
von, 9, 37, 174,
257, 274, 275
Glas Slobode,
25
Glas Slovenaca Hrvata i Srba,
285, 286
Gobec,
136
Goiginger, FML
Ludwig, 413
Goito,
238
Gömbös, Gyula,
275
Gooß, Roderich, 274, 275
Gorizia, 74, 126, 128, 177
Grác,
Josef, 377
Grandi,
Luigi,
124
Granello, Luigi,
124, 204, 205, 219, 248
Grappa, Monte,
229, 378
Graz, 267
Graziani, General
Andrea, 77, 214, 228,
231, 232, 234, 375-6, 385
Great Britain,
24-5, 411
Foreign Office,
182, 183-4, 221-2,
323, 328
military Intelligence,
65, 123, 125,
175-6, 192, 201, 217, 306
Ministry of Information,
27, 182, 201,
326, 413
myth about primacy in wartime prop.,
6-9, 10-11, 433
and policy on AH,
179, 183-4, 190, 193,
199, 220-3, 224, 323-6
prop, against AH pre-1918,
175-6
prop, on Western Front,
5, 6, 11, 201,
209, 242, 248, 321
recognizes Czechoslovaks as allies,
326,
337, 339, 353
role in coordinating prop, against AH,
159, 163, 174-5, 182, 184-95,
197-9, 200, 204, 339
War Office,
5, 175, 186, 188, 189,
201, 221
see also British army in Italy; Department
of Propaganda in Enemy Countries
Greece,
63, 73
Grossi,
Colonel,
197, 198
Grunwald,
battle
(1410), 215
Gruss, Major (French delegate to PC),
197,
202-3, 208, 225, 420
Gubec, Mati
ja, 211, 351
474
Index
Guest,
S.A., 175-6, 200, 242, 336, 365
Gugliević,
377
Gulf War
(1991), 2
Habsburg
dynasty,
28, 217, 263, 275
Habsburg
Empire, see Austria-Hungary
Hackl, Ernst,
315
Hadifelügyeleti Bizottság (HFB:
Hungarian War Surveillance
Commission),
25, 27
Hadik,
Count
János,
279
Haften,
Colonel Hans
von, 42, 43
Hague Convention
(1907), 115, 121
Haguenin,
Emil,
249, 336
Hajšman, Jan,
25
Haller,
General
Józef,
216, 359
Hanzal, Vojtěch,
9, 230, 232, 301, 377,
382, 384
Hašek, Jaroslav,
270
Hasse
(German
Intelligence officer),
67, 70
Heard, Captain W.B.,
201
Hertz,
Friedrich, 275, 367
Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul
von, 57,
344, 363
Hitler, Adolf,
2, 8, 10, 444
Hlaváček, František,
9, 149, 163, 170, 207,
214, 232, 247
deserts,
126
as head of Czech office in Italy,
121, 141,
143, 155-9, 178, 195
Intelligence work for Italians,
126-7,
130-1
Höberth,
Major
Eugen von, 409, 428
Hočevar,
Major Franz,
312
Hoen,
GM
Max
von, 27
Hoffmann, General Max,
43, 218
Hofmannsthal, Hugo
von, 26
Holland,
5, 175, 260
homecomers (from Russia),
60, 258, 262,
269-70, 276
Hristić,
Major
Filip,
195, 202, 419-20
Hungary,
28, 54, 154, 216, 274, 426
electoral reform,
357, 365-6
emergency legislation in,
18, 22, 23
and food crisis,
22, 279, 282, 365, 406
parliament,
18, 22, 303, 357, 363, 432
Party of Independence
(Károlyi),
22,
29, 218
Social Democratic Party,
22, 26, 366
wartime regime described,
22-4
Hungarians, see Magyars
Hus, Jan,
210, 355, 356, 375
Hussarek, Max
von, 398, 424
Hviezdoslav,
Pavel,
218
Illuschak,
Georg,
404
Illustrowany Kurjer
Codzienny,
314, 359
Innsbruck,
27, 102, 124, 165, 187,
267, 370
Intelligence (military) see under
Austro-Hungarian, French, Italian, etc.
and links to propaganda,
5, 122, 126,
127, 162, 205, 240, 436
Ionescu, Take,
355, 357
Ippen,
169
Isonzó, Isonzó
front,
74-5, 126-7
10th battle of
(1917), 48
11th battle of
(1917), 55, 137
12th battle of
(1917),
see Caporetto
Istria,
112, 114, 208, 226, 280, 351
Italian army,
Regiments: 141st,
94
Divisions: 14th,
375
Corps: XX,
233-4
Armies:
1st
army,
77; 2nd, 75, 77, 105,
158; 3rd, 158, 161, 231, 301-2, 374;
4th,
301;
6th,
137, 144, 192, 194,
228;
7th,
232;
8th,
158
discipline in,
77, 80, 99
High Command, see
Comando
Supremo
losses,
76, 80, 86, 105
material conditions,
77, 99, 289, 307
officers in,
78, 80, 93, 100
morale in, see morale in Italian army
propaganda to boost morale,
77-8,
98-100,110,224,307
regeneration after Caporetto,
99-103,
272, 434
suspicion of Slavs,
139, 141, 143, 148,
155, 165, 209, 231, 234, 239, 321,
374, 384-6, 435
Italian Foreign Ministry,
113, 114, 117,
120, 189, 204, 329
see also Sonnino
Italian Front,
5, 10, 12, 33-5, 40, 45, 74-8,
320-1
AH propaganda against Italy,
78-104,
405-6;
aerial prop.,
81, 85-6, 98,
102, 106, 415;
AH confidence about,
97-8, 103, 104, 152, 292, 307, 415;
aims and arguments of,
78, 80, 81,
86-92, 151, 233, 275, 344, 375,
416-17, 418-19, 429, 438-9;
on
Albanian front,
81;
avoids
Index 475
treasonable messages,
81, 92, 127,
416;
campaign launched,
82, 103;
campaign scaled down,
308;
at
Caporetto,
78-82, 145;
dangers of,
79, 94-6, 104;
distribution
problems,
85-6, 95-6, 307, 415-16,
438;
D.R.U.P. disinformation,
321,
384-6, 404, 416;
duel with Italian
campaign,
97-104, 145, 147, 149,
151, 230, 234-5, 290, 306, 371, 378,
386, 406, 418, 419, 438;
effects,
79,
92-8, 103, 145, 147, 159, 181, 417;
England attacked in,
80, 88-9, 90,
94, 100, 104, 151, 416, 419;
Entente
view of,
102-3, 182, 188;
exploits
enemy press,
89, 210;
extent of,
93,
95, 109, 307, 308, 416;
failure of,
82,
299, 306-8, 419, 435, 437;
final
efforts,
415-19, 427;
guidelines
issued,
80, 82, 84, 88, 91, 306-7,
415, 418-19;
ignored in
historiography,
6, 10, 11;
interaction with Italian hinterland,
80, 81, 86, 93, 159, 415, 437;
Italian
response to,
97, 104, 159-60, 234,
272, 290, 307-8, 333, 417, 419;
oral
propaganda,
79, 82, 85-6, 93-5, 306,
419, 438;
organization,
79, 82, 84,
96, 417;
pictorial imagery in,
87, 88,
418;
pre-1917,
78, 128;
resistance of
AH officers to,
95-6, 306, 435;
Russian campaign used as model for,
80-1, 84, 86, 93, 98, 101, 103-4, 415,
434, 437-8;
via Switzerland,
81, 86;
and
Veneţia,
92
Italian propaganda against AH,
33,
112;
acts as catalyst,
267, 287, 298,
300, 377, 387, 442;
AH distorted
information about,
258-68;
and air
superiority,
101-2, 104, 150, 209,
438;
Allied coordination of,
184-95,
197-9;
and Czech emigres,
128-30;
attacks Germany,
128, 151, 152,
217-18, 343-4, 348-9, 350, 359-60,
367, 424;
begins to exploit
nationality principle,
128, 152-5,
193—4;
calls for coordination of,
159-60, 161;
content of prop.,
128,
151, 321, 342-3, 353, 439-40,
442-3;
and see under nationality:
Croat propaganda, etc.; distribution
of,
2, 145, 149, 190, 191, 208-9,
371-2, 419;
distributed over AH
cities, 111,
209, 265-6, 267, 303,
321, 369-72, 413, 414, 437, 442;
early efforts (pre-1918),
35, 127-31,
133, 151, 165-6, 190, 434;
exploits
AH press,
153, 204, 210, 212, 218,
219, 285, 286, 345,
35Off,
359, 363,
365, 368-9, 372-3, 424;
exploits AH
parliamentary speeches,
153, 159,
353-4, 357, 360, 363, 424;
extent of,
2, 209, 210, 249, 264, 342, 345, 358,
360, 362, 367, 371-2, 416, 422;
historiography of campaign,
6-7, 9,
11-12, 174-5;
impact in AH
trenches,
128, 145, 148, 195, 235,
277, 293, 299-302, 303-4, 306, 342,
362, 367, 376-7, 408, 422, 438, 440,
442-3;
impact on AH interior,
159,
209, 264-8, 437;
intensified,
149,
161, 264, 421-2;
manifestos in early
1918, 149-55;
Padua Commission s
work, see Padua Commission;
pictorial imagery in,
170, 251, 300,
353, 354, 355, 356, 368, 393, 431,
443;
press bureau in Berne,
204-5,
219, 285, 344-5, 350, 351, 359, 439;
printing of material for,
161, 190,
193, 203, 208, 345;
propaganda
patrols, see Czech, Yugoslav, Polish,
Romanian propaganda; resistance in
Italian armed forces to,
209, 371-2,
420;
as response to Austrian
campaign,
11, 97,
111,
149, 159-60,
162, 434;
role of national emigres in,
160, 161, 196, 198, 206, 208, 210,
225-6, 227-8, 240, 332-5, 420, 422;
stresses AH weakness,
210, 345;
stresses Allied strength,
128, 210,
344, 367, 422;
view of AH
commanders of,
152, 203, 264, 295,
308, 349, 360, 363, 370-1, 372-3,
415;
see also Ojetti
Italian military Intelligence,
5, 75, 101,
119, 122-31, 187, 189-90, 192, 198,
202, 204, 205, 421
absence in historiography,
122
in Italian
1st
army,
100, 123-6, 128, 130,
131, 142, 229, 231, 232-3, 238-9,
378-9, 380, 386
2nd
army,
126, 127
3rd
army,
126, 161, 229-31, 240, 330,
380, 381, 382, 386
476
Index
Italian
military
Intelligence
-
continued
4th army,
123, 229, 236, 239-40, 374,
378, 380, 381
6th army,
231, 232, 233-5, 238, 239,
240, 292, 302, 375-6, 380, 382
7th army,
232, 239, 380, 382
8th army,
229, 240, 241, 374, 380
employs Slav deserters,
125-7, 304
and Czechoslovak Legion,
131, 149,
155-6, 228
early prop, manifestos,
40, 116, 127-8,
130-1, 133, 151-5, 160
espionage work,
123-5, 140, 167, 304,
383-4, 386-7
interrogation techniques,
125-6, 143, 145
and irredentism,
123-5
and manifestos from April
1918, 190,
193, 203, 219, 292, 304, 342, 361
organization of,
122-3
and prop, patrols,
133,
14O-1,
142fr, 149,
155, 159, 215, 228-35, 236, 239-40,
301-2, 321, 373-9, 427
role in boosting Italian morale,
100
see also
Dupont,
Finzi, Marchetti,
Smaniotto, Vecchiarelli,
Vigevano
Italian navy,
118, 153, 209, 372
Italian prisoner of war Commission
(Ministry of War),
121, 157
Italian propaganda (in Italian language, for
enemy territory)
issued by Austrians, see Italian Front: AH
propaganda against Italy
issued by Italians
150-1, 361, 369, 370,
372, 427
Italians,
218, 275
in AH army,
20, 107, 361
in Tyrol,
20, 123-5, 126
Italy,
33
attitude to Czechs,
116-17, 120-1,
155-9, 214, 223, 231-2
attitude to Yugoslavs,
10, 112-16, 117,
119-20, 155, 177-81, 195-7, 223-5,
226-7, 237, 241, 322, 327-32,
337-42, 379, 420, 423, 440-1
efforts to boost domestic morale,
76, 170
enters war,
19, 20, 76, 90, 112
and historiography on front prop.,
10,
174-5, 421
interwar attitude to front prop.,
10
and nationality principle,
112-22,
141, 148, 149, 158, 162, 180, 199,
326-7, 341
parliament,
87, 113, 114, 116, 158, 180,
327, 430
its prop, organization,
160, 170, 184-5,
189, 197-8, 204, 331, 431
war against Turkey
(1911-12), 1
Jagiełło, Władysław,
215, 216
Jambrišak, Milivoj
(Croat delegate to PC),
206, 207, 208, 211, 222, 226, 227-8,
238, 240-1, 265-6, 299, 303, 310, 330,
332, 334, 335, 336, 348, 379-81, 390,
420, 441
Japan,
71, 424
Jelačić,
Ban
Josip,
349
Jelínek,
Josef,
378
Jemrić, Ljubomir,
276
Jeřábek,
Leopold,
383
Jerkowitz,
109
Jerusalem,
151
Jews,
8, 290, 315, 345, 359
Jirásek,
Alois,
218
Jirsa, František,
136, 377
Joseph, Archduke,
39, 44, 56, 57, 61, 82,
373, 408
journalism, see press
Judenburg
revolt,
262
Jugović, Majka,
293
Jung,
Ladislav,
381-2
Kafka,
Franz,
16
Karl,
Emperor-King,
44, 46, 50, 61, 75, 91,
92, 138-9, 183, 212, 217, 222, 257,
263, 269, 278, 303, 352, 435-6
grants amnesty,
34
introduces constitutional regime to
Austria,
29-30, 284
and manifesto of October
1918, 424
in PC prop.,
265, 344, 349, 351, 363, 366,
400, 426
Karlovac,
291
Károlyi, Mihály,
22, 26, 29, 218, 426
Keeley, James,
335-6
Keil,
Ernst,
273
Kent, C.S.,
15
Kereković, Luka,
293-5
Kerensky, Alexander,
50, 55, 56, 61
Kerensky offensive
(1917), 50-2, 61, 436
KISA,
see AH army:
Isonzó
army
Kiszling, Rudolf,
303
Klein, GM,
148
Klima,
Auditor,
138
Klimek,
Eduard, 234-5
Index
477
Klobukowski,
Α.,
263, 336
Knott, Lt,
138, 139
Kobylinskij,
Moses, 231, 254
Kohoutek, Josef,
134, 136, 142, 232
Kokoschka,
Oskar,
16
Kolozsvár,
267, 357
Korniìov,
Lt-General
L.G-,
55-6
Korošec, Anton,
212, 227, 265, 267,
286, 352
Kosovo,
battle of
(1389), 293, 346-7, 349, 394
war
(1999), 2, 12
Kossuth, Lajos,
153, 218, 363, 365
Kostrenčić, Luka,
290, 291-2, 294, 295, 315
Kouba, Lt,
231
Kovačić, Oton,
239, 377, 380
Kragujevac revolt,
276
Kraljević, Marko,
293
Kraków,
215, 257, 267, 276, 359
Kramář, Karel,
21-2, 34, 166, 218, 219
Kraus,
Karl,
26, 273
Krauss, General Alfred, 45, 437
Kreuz, Franz, 79, 81, 145, 168
Kriegsarchiv (KA:
Austrian War Archives),
28, 32, 273, 413
Kriegspressequartier (KPQ:
Austrian War
Press Office), 26-8, 32, 42, 66, 81, 86,
92, 150, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276,
277, 284, 410, 413
Kriegsüberwachungsamt (KÜA:
Austrian
War
Surveillance
Office), 19, 21, 22,
25, 27, 66, 284
Krobatin,
Field Marshal
Alexander, 82,
281, 382, 407-8
Kühlmann, Richard von, 90
Kujundžić,
Bogoljub (Serb delegate to PC),
188, 206, 207-8, 210, 211, 215, 222-3,
224, 227, 241, 265-6, 324, 332, 345,
379-80, 381, 430
Kuq er
Lwowski,
286, 359
Kvaternik,
Eugen, 293
Kýhos, Václav,
378
Lahvička,
Alojz,
138
Lakom, Major,
137
land issue, land reform,
51, 55-6, 57, 58,
59, 104, 212, 276, 357, 366
Landwehr,
General
Ottokar,
278-80
Lansing, Robert,
221, 224, 324, 337, 346
Łasić,
Stojan
(Slovene delegate to PC),
206,
208, 210, 276, 345, 367, 430
Lasswell, Harold D.,
xii, 7, 174
Lazar,
Prince,
347
Lazzarini, Giuseppe,
126
Legion, Czechoslovak
in France,
120, 141, 156, 323
in Italy, see Czechoslovak Legion in Italy
in Russia,
52, 120, 130, 220, 353
Legion, Polish,
130, 131, 215, 216, 236,
359, 360
Legion, Romanian,
236, 255-6, 358
Legion, Yugoslav,
114, 207, 237-8, 241,
322, 340, 348, 379, 382, 420
Lemberg, see L viv
Lenin,
V.l., 43, 57-60, 345
Leopold, Prince of Bavaria,
48
Levico,
96, 135, 138, 304
Lidové Noviny,
286
Lika
region,
193
Liković, Stjepan,
317
Liptovský Svaty Mikuláš,
355
literacy,
300, 307, 438, 443
Lithuania,
47, 49, 68
Ljubljana,
213, 291, 352
prop, raid over,
209, 265-6, 303, 321,
369, 442
Lloyd George, David,
6, 88-9, 90, 152, 158,
179, 180, 182, 427
Lodge, Henry Cabot,
346
London, Treaty of
(1915), 90, 112-15,
118, 136, 158, 177, 178-80, 181, 188,
196, 224, 226-7, 320, 330, 337-8, 341,
423, 441
Lublin,
267
Ludendorff, General Erich
von, 8, 10, 44,
47-8, 54, 58, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69
Lukács,
Karl,
410
Lützow, Heinrich, 116-17
L viv
(Lemberg) 20, 359, 361
Macdonagh, General C.M.W., 186
Mackensen, Heeresgruppe, 51, 53
Mafie
(Czech underground organization),
116,175,205
Magyar propaganda
issued by Italy in early
1918, 152, 153-4,
194-5
issued by PC,
209, 216, 218, 321, 358,
362-7, 376, 422, 424-5
Magyars,
in AH army,
33, 34-5, 39, 96, 137, 194,
271, 273, 283, 349-50, 362, 426, 432
Mai jak,
Martin,
316
Mangra,
Metropolitan of
Nagyszeben,
35 7
478
Index
Mantua,
101
Máramarossziget
(trial),
360
Marchetti,
Odoardo,
105, 157
Marchetti,
Colonel
Tullio,
125, 136, 143,
149, 239, 421
Intelligence
network,
123-4, 140, 165,
175, 187, 204, 302
irredentist
background,
123
and prop, against
AH,
130, 131, 144, 155,
156-7, 158, 162, 188, 190-1, 198,
205, 219, 228, 231-2, 233, 236, 238,
304, 320, 371, 373, 377, 378, 383-4,
386, 436
and prop, in Italian army,
100
Marghiloman, Alexandru,
355
Maribor,
21, 133-4
Marie, Queen of Romania,
357
Markovié,
Božidar,
205
Marquet, Captain Alfred
von, 407
Masaryk, Tomáš,
129, 166, 176, 177, 193,
195, 213, 424
Maso, river,
137, 139-40
Maštálka, Jiří,
136, 167
May Declaration
(1917), 30, 136, 267
Mazzini, Giuseppe,
119, 225, 327,
330, 339
Mengoni, Mario,
124
Mičić, Miče,
388
Mickiewicz, Adam,
215, 424
Mihaljević,
GM
Michael,
288-9
Mihaljović, Ljubomir,
394
Mikulík, Josef,
381-2, 384
Milan,
80, 123, 158, 164, 180, 223
Milan (Austrian agent),
205
Milosevic, Slobodan,
2
Mîndrescu,
Simeon,
216, 236, 255, 358
Mirabella,
233, 382
Mirbach, Count
Wilhelm
von, 345
Mironescu, Gheorghe,
216, 236
Mitchell, C.H.,
124-5, 192
Mlejnek, Karel,
134, 135, 138, 139, 142,
167, 304, 375
mobilization,
2, 4, 6, 76, 436, 439
in AH,
16, 18, 25, 20, 32, 268, 286,
351, 413
Mugliano,
161, 188, 229
Mola,
General Armando,
178-9, 180, 243
Moldavia,
53, 55, 262
Montello,
93, 101, 302, 303, 374
Montenegro,
33, 64, 134, 296
Montuori, General,
148, 169
morale in AH army,
31-5, 277,
287ff, 406ff
AOK efforts to improve,
32, 270-1;
and
see
Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle
and discipline,
269
and domestic press,
26, 278, 284-6, 410,
412
and effect of enemy prop.,
35, 257, 282,
295, 299-301, 305-6, 372-3, 377,
408, 442-3
and effect of hinterland,
25, 31-5, 278,
295-6, 298, 405, 407-8, 409, 411,
412, 442
and food crisis,
33, 35, 278, 280-3, 301,
406, 408, 411, 412, 442
and leave,
31, 35, 283, 294, 295
war-weariness,
33, 34, 301, 406-7
morale in Italian army,
75-8, 92-3,
99-103, 195, 307-8
British and French stimulus to,
100-2
Italian efforts to improve,
77-8, 272
Moravia,
19, 257
Moreau, Lt,
187, 188
Moslems,
41;
see also Bosnian Moslems
Mostar
revolt,
265
Moysset, Henri,
185
Muskete, Die, 273, 368-9
Mussolini,
Benito, 10,
111,
120, 159,
188, 339
Musulin, Alexander
Freiherr, 164
Nádasdy, Obstlt,
296-7
Naprzód,
359
Národní Listy,
219, 286
Naud, Captain,
187, 188, 191, 209, 226
Nedelia,
44, 46, 52
Nedvěd, Jaroslav,
377
Népszava,
26, 286, 366
Netherlands, see Holland
Neue Freie
Presse,
26, 217, 286, 309, 324, 371
Neue Züricher Zeitung, 352
New
Europe, The,
177, 328
Nicholas,
Grand Duke, 41, 128
Nicholas II,
Tsar,
44, 67, 128
Nikolić,
Mate,
126, 139, 143, 145, 168, 233,
238, 240, 315, 382
Niš
Declaration
(1914), 113
Nitti, Francesco,
99, 189, 340, 388
Nivelle
offensive
(1917), 48, 166
Nocera Umbra
Bagni
(prison camp),
237,
240, 241, 346, 379, 381, 382-3
Northcliffe, Lord,
41, 176, 183, 184, 185-6,
187, 188, 190, 197, 323, 326, 332-3,
335, 336-7, 339, 427
Index
479
Northcliffe, Lord
-
continued
AH view of,
258, 259-62, 263, 272-3,
309, 414
appointed to head EPD,
6, 7, 159, 160,
174, 182
mythical reputation,
7, 8, 11, 200, 259,
269, 414
Novy,
139, 165
Nyugat,
26
Oberost
(Eastern Command),
43-4, 46, 49
Obilie, Miloš,
293
Obzor,
53
O Donovan, Gerald,
328, 335
Ojetti,
Ugo
(Italian
delegate
to PC),
118,
172, 195, 202, 328, 433
and control over PC,
203, 205-10, 215,
216, 218, 265, 300, 342-3, 345, 348,
358, 362, 367, 369, 371-2, 417, 419,
420-2, 424, 425-6, 427
asked to coordinate Italian campaign,
160-2, 185, 189
enthusiasm for prop.,
161, 299, 303, 321
view of his role,
162-3, 185, 189, 197-8,
203, 225, 227, 240, 322, 332-5
and Yugoslav question,
207, 225-7, 324,
329-31, 332, 339, 340, 341, 379,
380-1, 420, 441
Ora,
134-5
Orlando,
Vittorio
Emanuele,
113, 119, 157,
194, 214, 255, 421
and front prop.,
148, 149, 160-1, 185,
188, 189, 197-8, 206, 209, 227, 370,
379, 420
and nationality principle,
149, 158, 162,
179-80, 181, 190, 196, 199, 223,
224, 320, 326-9, 330-2, 339-41,
346, 420, 423, 430, 441
becomes Prime Minister,
99
Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg
(Austrian
official history of the war),
9, 10, 31,
45, 48, 70, 283, 303, 375
Osuský, Štefan,
205
Padua,
99, 101, 160, 189, 197, 224
Padua Commission (PC),
202-20, 222-8,
240, 303, 326, 433
content of manifestos analysed,
209-19,
342-70, 417-18, 419, 422-6, 427
dissolved,
427
final efforts of,
417-18, 419, 421-6
first meeting,
202-3
Italian dominance of,
203, 208, 225,
419-20
membership of,
197, 206-8, 419-20
planning of,
190-1, 196-7, 198, 208
and sources of information for,
204-6,
219, 240, 322, 424, 439
tensions in,
203, 220, 225-8, 322, 331,
332-5, 380, 390, 420, 440
Padula prison camp (Salerno),
117, 157,
158, 171, 228, 234
Pajger,
Karel,
134, 255, 375
Pajk, Božidar,
233, 238
Palestine,
215, 422
Pán, Václav,
126
Pantano,
General,
375
Papafava,
Contessa,
225
Papírník, Antonín,
195
Paprić,
Stanko,
290, 291
Paprskař, Rudolf,
229, 302, 303, 317
parachutes,
1, 387
Paris,
89, 114, 179, 180, 184, 185-7, 199
Paris
Congress
(1918), 197, 200, 220, 325,
331, 334
Paris
Peace Conference
(1919), 10, 423, 441
Pašić, Nikola,
114-16, 179, 194
Passchendaele,
182
Paterno, Gaetano,
119
patriotism, AH authorities attempts to
promote, 24ff,
32, 284-7, 371, 413
in education,
32
by film,
27
by literature,
28-9
war artists,
27
war bonds,
28, 37, 413
see also morale in AH army;
Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle
Pecori-Giraldi, General
Guglielmo,
77
Peerz, Rudolf,
275, 287
Pennella,
General Giuseppe,
380
Pertica,
Monte,
229, 278
Pester Lloyd,
259
Petar
Karadj
ord
j
evie,
King of Serbia,
238,
241, 379
Petőfi, Sándor,
153, 363, 365, 424, 425
Petr,
Rudolf,
386
Petrograd, 42, 47, 55, 57, 115
Petrograd
Soviet,
43, 50
Petrović, Dušan,
272, 273, 275, 428
Pflanzer-Baltin,
General
Karl von, 416
Piave, battle of
(1918), 97, 229, 283,
297-8, 308, 320, 342-3, 363-4,
374-6, 406, 437
480
Index
Piave,
battle of
(1918) -
continued
betrayal of ,
293, 294, 301-3
myth of postponement due to prop.,
187-8, 194, 199, 202, 299, 303, 337
Piave, river,
81, 82, 92, 93, 95, 149, 230,
307, 421
Pichón,
Stephen,
184, 323-4, 325, 346
Pilch,
Jenő,
9
Piłsudksi, Józef,
130, 131
Pivko,
Ljudevit,
9, 155, 177, 228, 240-1,
287, 304, 377, 385
background and beliefs,
133-4, 135, 141
and Finzi,
135-42, 168, 191
makes first links to Italy,
134
flees to Italy,
140
links to Slav emigres,
142, 143
prepares Carzano plot,
136-8
recruits volunteers in Italy,
143-4,
168, 232, 238-9, 290, 292, 294,
380-3, 441
reputation,
140, 143
trains unit in Italy,
142-5
work of his unit at front,
140-1, 145-8,
191, 194, 208, 228, 231-2, 233-5,
290, 302, 375-6
his writings,
133
Pivkova, Ljudmila,
136
Plesinger-Božinov, Miroslav,
117
Plhak, Hugo,
256, 377
Plumer,
General Herbert,
101, 102, 435
Plzeň,
355
Poincaré,
Raymond,
323, 357
Poles, Poland,
153, 217, 218, 224, 323, 426
in AH army,
20, 35, 216, 224, 282, 305,
376, 428
in
Galicia,
20, 30, 257
postwar writing about front prop.,
xii, 9
in Russian army,
51
Polish National Committee,
195, 236,
359, 397
Polish propaganda,
267
German threat as theme in,
215,
359-60, 424
issued by Austrians on
E.Front, 41, 47, 51
issued by Italy pre-1918,
130, 131
issued by PC,
207, 210, 214-16, 224, 264,
358-61, 376, 424
patrols on Italian Front,
215, 235-6,
240, 359
Pop,
Ştefan
Cicio,
357
Popadić, Bogoljub,
377, 381-2, 384
Popolo d Italia, II,
111,
159, 339
Popović,
Dejan,
290, 293-5, 296
Popović, Milica,
291, 293
Posina,
Val,
167
Posledniia Izvestiia,
53
Prague,
2, 16, 26, 27, 33, 126, 134, 285,
352, 355, 378, 413, 424, 426
Pre
jda, Alexandr,
377, 378
press
in AH,
18, 19, 24, 25, 37, 124, 211, 261,
271, 284-6, 363
in Italy,
152, 159, 329-30, 339-40
war correspondents,
26
see also under individual newspapers;
censorship;
Kriegspressequartier
Pribićević, Sve
tozar,
23
Pribićević, Valerijan,
23
Price-Davies,
Major-General L.A.E.,
199
prison camps,
discussed in front prop.,
4, 78, 91,
347-8, 359
prisoners of war,
63, 115, 125-6, 130,
197, 201
Czechoslovak (in Italy),
117, 120-1,
156-8, 203, 207, 228, 385
Italian (in AH),
84, 91, 101, 103, 115, 307
Polish (in Italy),
236, 360, 397
Romanian (in AH),
53
Romanian (in Italy),
197, 216, 236-7
Russian (in AH),
44, 52, 54, 67, 128, 134,
167, 398
Serbian (in AH),
64
Yugoslav (in Italy),
114-16, 212, 237-41,
303-4, 320, 332, 348, 375, 379-80
see also homecomers
propaganda,
definition of,
2-4
see also front propaganda; morale;
patriotism
Prussia, threat of, used in prop, against AH,
128, 151, 153, 155, 215, 218, 343, 344,
363, 369, 424
psychological warfare, see front
propaganda
Pula,
106,
111,
262, 372, 427
Radetsky, Field Marsha! Joseph,
125, 289
Rákóczi, Ferenc,
218, 363
Ramponi, Artemio,
124
Rauchensteiner,
Manŕried,
12, 31, 321
Ravenna,
106
Rawìinson, General Henry,
187
Ray,
Marcel,
367
Index
481
Reading, Lord,
258
Redlich,
Joseph,
19, 28
Reggio
Emilia,
208, 209
Reich, Colonel,
273, 274
Reichspost, 414
Reichsrat
(Austrian Parliament),
7, 18, 113,
136, 153, 154, 207, 213, 216, 259, 284,
303, 345, 350, 353-4, 360, 424
recalled
(1917), 18, 30
religion, as theme of propaganda,
43, 128,
151-2, 210, 211, 215, 346-7, 355-6,
358-9
Resnica,
265
Resto
del
Carlino, II,
329-30, 389
Ridley, Lt
Erwin, 267
Riga,
55
Rilke, Rainer
Maria,
28
Rimini,
106
Riva,
383
Rodd, Rennell,
105
Rodler,
Captain
Erich, 104
Roller, Margarete, 275
Romania, kingdom of,
24, 33, 53-4, 88, 90,
102, 279, 355, 357, 406
army of,
24, 48, 53-4, 55, 57
Romanian propaganda,
275
issued by Austrians on Eastern Front,
51,
53-4, 64
issued by Italy
pre-
1918, 130
issued by PC,
207, 210, 216-17, 219, 225,
264, 355, 357-8, 422, 424
patrols on Italian Front,
236-7, 358
Romanians,
in AH army,
34, 74, 167, 192, 217, 236,
255, 303, 357
emigre organization,
195, 196, 207, 216,
217, 358, 424
Romanian National Party,
24
in Transylvania,
22, 23-4, 54, 195,
216-17, 357, 426
Romanul,
24
Rome,
114, 116, 195-7, 211, 214, 218-19,
223, 358
Ronge,
GM
Max,
9, 10, 44, 51, 60, 65, 72,
79, 82, 258, 260, 261, 263, 268, 270,
302, 311, 349, 414, 417, 418, 419, 436
Roosevelt,
Theodor, 416
Rosa (Bassano),
143
Rosso, Col del,
82, 101, 147-8, 234,
235, 376
Royal Flying Corps (British),
101-2,
371, 401
Rozsypal,
Franz,
404
Russia,
33, 90
Bolshevik Revolution
(1917), 57-8, 61
February Revolution
(1917), 30,
42-3, 434
Provisional Government,
43—4, 50, 55,
57, 58, 61
Russian army,
21, 41-62
Corps: XI,
58; XXIV, 56;
XL,
54; XLV, 54
Armies: 5th,
48;
8th,
58;
9th,
58
disintegration,
51, 54-5, 57-9, 61-2, 75,
76, 270, 275, 412-13
Bolshevik propaganda in,
51, 55-9
soldiers committees,
43, 44, 56, 61
Russian propaganda, see Eastern Front:
Russian propaganda against Central
Powers
Russki Vestnik,
52, 67
Ruthene propaganda,
154
issued by PC,
195, 360-1, 376, 398
issued by Ukrainians on Eastern Front,
66
Ruthenes (Ukrainians),
30, 195, 252
in AH army,
20, 32, 34, 51, 255, 428
in
Galicia,
19, 20
in Hungary,
23
Ruziak, Andrej,
386
Ry
ant, Jan,
165
Rybka,
Josef (Czech delegate to PC),
206,
207, 213, 215
Rygier, Maria,
236, 358
Sabor,
see Croatia, Diet
(Sabor)
sabotage behind enemy lines,
304-5, 373,
383-4, 386, 432
Sacchi,
Filippo,
205
St Polten, 267
Salonika,
63, 115, 141
and see Balkan Front
Salvemini, Gaetano,
113, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120, 158, 161, 162, 180, 195,
208, 224, 226, 244, 248, 328, 329,
330, 331
Sanders, Michael,
xii, 3, 7
San Francesco,
234-5
Santa Maria Capua
Vetere
(prison camp),
117,236,397
Sarkotić,
General
Stjepan,
20, 264-5,
277, 280
Sarrail, General Maurice,
63
Scarpa,
Gimo,
117
Scheuchenstuel, GO Count Viktor,
82,
88, 282
482
Index
Schlosser,
Lt Oskar,
370
Schneller,
Karl,
37
Schnitzler,
Arthur,
28, 38
Scholtz, General Friedrich von, 63-4
Scialoj
a, Vittorio,
76
Schwarz,
Captain
Géza,
406-7
Scorluzzo, Monte, 85
Šeba, Jan,
195, 254, 374
Sebenico, 106
Secolo,
159, 160
Secrets ofCrewe House (by Stuart),
7, 15,
174, 201
Seidler, Baron Ernst
von, 30, 212, 259, 350,
354, 360, 398
Serbia,
16, 31, 33, 426
émigrés
in Switzerland,
119, 124,
205, 248
government (in exile),
113-16, 177,
179, 325
occupied territory,
62-5, 115, 276, 278,
296, 422
parliament
(Skupština),
194, 195
and Yugoslav prisoners,
115-16
Serbian army,
2, 23, 62-5, 73, 115, 212,
237, 238-9, 379
Serbian propaganda
issued by Austrians, see Balkan Front
issued by PC,
211, 346-7, 422, 423
Serbian Society of Great Britain,
176-7
Serbs,
238-9, 242, 383
in AH army,
20, 21, 32, 34, 288
in Bosnia, see Bosnian Serbs
in Croatia,
23
Seton-Watson, R.W., 21, 176-7, 178, 183,
185-6, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201,
204-5, 227, 322, 323-4, 328, 335,
336, 337
Siciliani,
Colonel
Domenico
(official head
of PC),
197, 198, 202-3, 227, 228, 331,
333, 334, 336, 420
Sief, Monte,
134
Silvio
a Prato,
Baron,
124
Sinigallia,
106
Sisemol, Monte,
290
Sixtus
Affair,
217, 351, 400
Skerlecz, Ivan,
23
Slovaks,
386, 404
in AH army,
157, 262
in Hungary,
22, 23-4
in PC propaganda,
213, 353, 355
Slovenec,
212, 267, 286, 314
Slovene propaganda
issued by Italian Intelligence,
154-5
issued by PC,
208, 210, 212-13, 265, 345,
352, 422, 423
Slovenes,
195, 383
in AH,
20-1, 29, 30, 212, 218, 285-6, 352
in AH army,
33, 35, 107, 113, 136, 140,
144, 177, 192, 238, 239, 240, 242,
283, 410
memoirs about war,
9, 321
see also
Pivko
Smaniotto, Colonel
Èrcole,
155, 160, 161,
188, 191, 229-30, 231, 240, 377
Šmarda, Jan,
383-4, 385
Smodlaka,
Josip,
21
Sobotka, Josef,
382
socialism,
socialist propaganda,
42, 56, 75,
76, 80, 86, 89, 199, 232, 258, 261, 269,
270, 274, 275, 285-6, 294, 352, 359,
365-6, 367
Sokols,
133, 143, 144, 353
Solarolo,
Monte, 109
Sonnino,
Sidney,
87, 99, 119, 193, 204
under attack in press,
328, 339-41
and Czechs,
120-1, 156, 157, 158,
172, 214
insistence on Treaty of London,
112-13,
118, 181, 185-6
and Italy s prop, campaign,
189, 193,
194, 196, 209, 390, 420
policy towards AH,
113, 199, 223, 224,
305, 323, 326, 330-2, 341
and Yugoslav prisoners,
114-16, 237-8
Soretić, FML,
295, 297, 298
Spa (German GHQ),
217, 349, 363
Spingardi, General Paolo,
121, 157, 171, 238
Split,
21
Sprazzi di Luce
(KISA
newspaper),
93
Šrobár, Vávro,
355
Stacu,
Juraj,
252
Stampa, La,
329
Staněk, František,
354, 424
Steed,
Henry
Wickham,
7, 9, 10, 174, 207,
227, 258, 331, 333, 335, 441
acknowledges Italy s work with front
prop.,
189-90
and belief in prop, weapon,
177-8,
192-3, 199, 267, 346, 387, 427
dominates EPD,
182-3
exploits myths about prop.,
187-8, 193,
194, 199, 222, 299, 300, 303, 304-5,
337, 443
Index 483
and Italian-Yugoslav agreement,
159,
177-9, 180-1, 185, 243, 244
and mission to Italy,
185-99, 200, 202,
206, 209, 226, 229
view of AH,
176, 199
works to change Allied policy on AH,
183-4, 190-1, 199-200, 201, 221-2,
322-7, 328, 337-8, 341, 431
Štefánik,
Milan,
116-17, 155, 157, 158,
195, 207, 214, 220, 376
spreads manifestos over Italian front,
128-30, 166, 177
Štetina,
Vitěslav,
290-1, 293, 294
Stinný, Karel,
230, 301-2, 303
Stipetić,
Major
Wilhelm,
63-5
Stoccareddo,
145-8, 191, 194
Stockholm,
47
Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten,
GO
Rudolf, 258, 270, 274, 371
Stone,
Senator, 258
Storch,
Alois,
383-4, 410
Stránský,
Adolf, 353, 373
Stránský, Antonín,
136
Straža,
285, 350, 410
Strossmayer,
Josip,
211
Stuart, Campbell, 7, 9, 10, 174, 200,
201, 336
Stürgkh,
Count
Karl, 18-19, 21, 29, 32
Styria,
21
Sugana,
Val,
82, 131, 134-7, 140, 304
Supilo,
Frano,
21, 176
Šušnjak, Juraj,
276-7
Šušteršić, Ivan,
21, 265, 267
Svačić, Petar,
293
Světec,
Franjo,
293, 294-5
Switzerland,
3, 5, 42, 81, 117, 119, 123,
175, 201, 204-5, 260, 262, 367
Szuber,
Antoni
(Polish
delegate to
PC), xii,
9, 206, 207, 236, 334, 358, 360-1, 430
Tagliamento, river,
74, 81
Tarnopol,
54, 207
Tavčar, Ivan,
21, 267, 310
Taylor,
Philip M.,
xii, 3, 7
Telve,
137, 138, 140
Terlecki,
Captain,
46
Terţii
(Polish
MP),
360
Teschen,
30-1
Tezze,
304
Thaon
di
Revel, Admiral Paolo,
209,
227, 372
Thimme, Hans,
xii, 11
Thomas, Albert,
195, 199-200, 220, 358
Times, The,
7, 159, 176, 182, 222,
258, 341
Tione,
123
Tisza,
Count
István,
16, 22, 24, 29, 153,
154, 366, 426, 432
Tobek,
František,
383
Toggenburg,
Count
Friedrich,
284-5, 286
Tomba,
Monte,
101
Tonale
pass,
85, 232, 239, 302
Torre, Andrea,
180-1, 195, 196, 197, 227,
331, 346
Torretta, Marchese della,
121
Tosi, Luciano,
xii, 12
Tosti, Amedeo,
100
Trampa,
138
Transylvania,
24, 54, 195, 262, 267, 357
trench newspapers,
100, 271, 311, 442
Trentino
offensive
(1916), 74, 123, 124,
125, 127
Trento,
6, 92, 112, 134, 136, 137, 223, 338,
369, 386, 427
Tresić-Pavičić,
Ante,
21, 172, 193, 294
Trêves, Frederick,
188
Trieste,
86, 92, 106, 112, 124, 223, 257,
280, 338, 351, 369, 427
Trinajstić, Dinko,
202, 209, 226, 237, 381
Trotsky,
Leon,
59, 90
Trambić,
Ante,
21, 114, 176, 196, 197, 198,
200, 220, 223, 227, 326, 336
and Allied recognition of Yugoslavs,
325,
327, 332, 379, 423, 431
and Corfu Declaration,
177
efforts to create Yugoslav Legion,
114,
237, 335, 379, 380
makes informal agreement with Italy,
178-81, 226
role in Italian prop, campaign,
202-3,
207-8, 209, 211, 212, 223, 240,
265-7, 327, 342, 348-9, 380-1,
423, 441
Tugurio
camp,
144, 148, 193, 234, 238,
239, 240, 403
Turin,
76, 208
Turkey,
1, 41, 129, 201, 211, 215, 422
Turold,
Dr,
138
Tyrell, William,
182
Tyrol,
20, 75, 82, 123-6, 187
Übersberger, Hans, 275
U-boat war,
80, 90, 108, 154, 434
484 Index
Udine,
122
Ukraine, 55, 90, 149, 151, 215, 257,
279-80, 345, 360-1, 369, 406
Ukrainians in AH, see Ruthenes
Ukrainians in Russia,
51
L Unità,
113, 117, 328
United States of America,
7, 118, 128, 179,
182, 195,
22O-1,
258, 260, 275, 324,
335-6, 340, 418
theme in PC prop.,
210, 221, 324, 344,
388, 419, 423, 424
Urban,
138
Urmánczy, Nándor,
363
Usküb
[Skoplje],
64
Vácha, Bohumil,
375, 384
Val Bella, Monte di,
101, 234, 293-4, 316,
353, 375-6
Valcamonica,
165
Valiani, Leo,
12, 120
Varaždin,
351
Vecchiarelli,
Major,
155, 232, 377
Venetia,
82, 90, 93, 101
life in occupied
Venetia,
150, 169,
280-1, 307
target of prop, by AH and Italy,
92, 103,
108, 150-1, 361, 386-7
Venice,
102,
111,
161, 190, 208
Venkov,
286
Vercesi, Ernesto,
205
Verona,
123, 125, 140, 141, 143, 167,
231-2, 239
Versailles,
99, 199
Versailles Declaration
(1918), 214-15,
220, 223, 224-5, 228, 305, 322, 323-4,
328, 359
Veselko-Sedlecký, Ludvík,
142, 316
Veselý, Karel,
116-17, 120, 127
Vicenza,
75, 135
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy,
88,
188, 376
Vidalé, GM
Julius,
283
Vidmar,
Starte,
143, 144, 193, 232, 237,
238, 240, 241, 377, 380, 381, 382
Vienna,
2, 16, 18, 27, 29, 257, 259, 273,
350, 413
prop, raid over,
267, 321, 369-71, 414
Vigevano,
Colonel
Attilio,
123, 145, 155,
156, 229, 239, 377
Világ,
314, 363, 365
Villari,
Luigi,
10
Visconti Venosta,
99
Vittorio,
150
Vittorio Veneto,
battle of
(1918), 10, 419,
421, 426
Volja Naroda,
351
Vojvodina,
25, 115
Vondráček, Jaromír,
126
Vopálenský, Václav,
386
Voska,
Emanuel,
404
Vozniak,
Franz,
377
Vuia,
Traían,
217
Vuletić, Delimir,
377
Vyčítal, Rudolf,
377, 383
Waldstätten,
Colonel
Alfred von, 49, 307
Waldstätten, Egon Freiherr von, 273-5,
277, 278, 283, 409, 412, 414, 426
Wallachia, 53-4
Wanderscheck, Hermann, 10
war
aims of belligerents,
4, 114, 116,
117, 131, 154, 177, 179, 182,
214-15, 221, 223, 224, 322, 324,
360, 423, 434
Weber,
Max,
275
Weiskiichnei, Richard, 16, 345
Weil, Lt Franz, 95
Wekerle,
Sándor,
366
Wellington
House,
28-9, 175
Wells, H.G., 201
Werkmann, Karl, 275
Western Front, 5, 48, 55, 86, 89, 101, 103,
128, 129, 182, 187, 193, 195, 202, 320,
406, 411, 421
British (and French) propaganda against
Germany,
5, 8, 11, 40, 187, 201,
209, 321
German propaganda against Allies,
4,
40, 175
as theme in Italian/PC prop.,
193, 210,
343, 350, 393, 422-3
White Mountain, battle
(1620), 214
Whittal, Hugh,
175
Wichtl,
Friedrich, 350-1, 373
Wiegele,
Zdravko,
256
Wilhelm
II,
Kaiser, 46, 50, 128, 217, 222,
259, 343, 345, 349, 351, 363
Wilson, Woodrow, 4, 116, 128, 152, 158,
174, 179, 180, 210, 221, 258, 344, 411,
412, 418-19, 426
Windischgrätz,
Prince
Ludwig, 279
Witold,
215
women,
85, 150, 194, 275, 297
Wurm,
GO
Wenzel, 82
Index
485
Yugoslavs, Yugoslavia,
30, 129, 131, 176,
212, 224, 293, 323-4, 426
myth of common wartime sacrifice,
9
potential for front prop, amongst,
177,
225;
289, 295-6, 305, 320
presence in AH army of,
290-2, 293-5,
305, 329-30;
see also
Pivko
Yugoslav agitation in AH,
21, 30, 193,
212-13, 218, 227, 265, 285-6,
290-1, 296, 315, 351-2
Yugoslav ideal discussed,
136, 194, 211,
238-9, 241-2, 341-2, 383, 441
Yugoslav Committee,
324-5
discussed in Italy s manifestos,
203, 209,
211-12, 223, 265, 327, 341, 346, 348
founded
(1915), 114
relations with Italy,
113-14, 119-20,
141, 178-81, 196-7, 202-3, 211-12,
223-4, 226-8, 327, 390, 441
relations with Serbian government,
114,
118, 136, 177, 179
and Yugoslav volunteer troops,
237-8,
240-1, 335, 379-81, 382
see also
Trumbić
Yugoslav propaganda,
issued by Italian Intelligence,
154-5,
193, 194, 203
issued by PC,
207-8, 209, 210, 211-13,
217, 225, 265, 324, 342, 345-52,
372, 423, 442
patrols on Italian Front,
112, 140-1, 144,
237-41, 290, 375, 380-3
Ypres,
55
Zagreb,
27, 211, 290, 349-50, 424, 426
prop, raid over,
209, 265-6, 321,
369, 442
Zahradník, Isidor,
153
Žák, Artur,
304
Zamorski,
Jan
(Polish delegate to PC),
206, 207, 215-16, 224, 228,
236, 334, 358-9, 360
Zanon,
Mansueto,
124, 187, 302
Zanotti-Bianco,
Umberto,
117, 208,
420, 430
Zborov,
battle of
(1917), 52,
112, 120
Zbruch, river,
55
Zebio, Monte,
142
Zeidler, Franz,
276
Zeller,
64
Zeman, Antonín,
377
Zendron,
Ludwig, 315
Zeni,
Luisa,
124
Zernetz, 124
Zincone, Brigadier
Attilio,
137,
139-40
Zita,
Empress-Queen,
263, 351
Živin,
42-3, 67
Zoglauer, Lt-Colonel Arthur von,
271, 273
Zopff,
Colonel,
187
Zrinjski, Nikola,
211, 289,
293, 351
Zurich,
124, 175
Zvonarević, Božidar,
290, 293, 294
Zweig, Stefan, 28
Bayerisch·
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cornwall, Mark 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1052697852 |
| author_facet | Cornwall, Mark 1958- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cornwall, Mark 1958- |
| author_variant | m c mc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013253222 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | D639 |
| callnumber-raw | D639.P7A93 2000 |
| callnumber-search | D639.P7A93 2000 |
| callnumber-sort | D 3639 P7 A93 42000 |
| callnumber-subject | D - General History |
| classification_rvk | NP 4805 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)59415133 (DE-599)BVBBV013253222 |
| dewey-full | 940.4887436 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 940 - History of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 940.4887436 |
| dewey-search | 940.4887436 |
| dewey-sort | 3940.4887436 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1908-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1908-1918 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Austria - Foreign relations - 1867-1918 Hungary - History - 1867-1918 Ungarn Österreich Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Austria - Foreign relations - 1867-1918 Hungary - History - 1867-1918 Ungarn Österreich Österreich-Ungarn |
| id | DE-604.BV013253222 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:42:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780333804520 0312231512 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009033438 |
| oclc_num | 59415133 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-824 DE-M457 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-824 DE-M457 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | XVI, 485 S. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cornwall, Mark 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1052697852 aut The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds Mark Cornwall 1. publ. Basingstoke [u.a.] Macmillan 2000 XVI, 485 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1908-1918 gnd rswk-swf Desintegratie gtt Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Oorlogspropaganda gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Public opinion World War, 1914-1918 Austria World War, 1914-1918 Austria Propaganda Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd rswk-swf Austria - Foreign relations - 1867-1918 Hungary - History - 1867-1918 Ungarn Österreich Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Österreich-Ungarn (DE-588)4075613-0 g Geschichte 1908-1918 z DE-604 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009033438&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009033438&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Cornwall, Mark 1958- The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds Desintegratie gtt Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Oorlogspropaganda gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Public opinion World War, 1914-1918 Austria World War, 1914-1918 Austria Propaganda Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4076374-2 (DE-588)4075613-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds |
| title_auth | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds |
| title_exact_search | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds |
| title_full | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds Mark Cornwall |
| title_fullStr | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds Mark Cornwall |
| title_full_unstemmed | The undermining of Austria-Hungary the battle for hearts and minds Mark Cornwall |
| title_short | The undermining of Austria-Hungary |
| title_sort | the undermining of austria hungary the battle for hearts and minds |
| title_sub | the battle for hearts and minds |
| topic | Desintegratie gtt Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Oorlogspropaganda gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Public opinion World War, 1914-1918 Austria World War, 1914-1918 Austria Propaganda Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Desintegratie Eerste Wereldoorlog Oorlogspropaganda Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Public opinion World War, 1914-1918 Austria World War, 1914-1918 Austria Propaganda Erster Weltkrieg Propaganda Austria - Foreign relations - 1867-1918 Hungary - History - 1867-1918 Ungarn Österreich Österreich-Ungarn Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009033438&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009033438&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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