Bacterial protein toxins:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2000
|
| Series: | Handbook of experimental pharmacology
145 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXII, 700 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540661255 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV013061007 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20150925 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 000229s2000 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 957921438 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 3540661255 |c Pp. : ca. DM 759.00 |9 3-540-66125-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)215821754 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV013061007 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c DE | ||
| 049 | |a DE-355 |a DE-19 |a DE-12 |a DE-11 |a DE-188 |a DE-578 | ||
| 084 | |a VT 5300 |0 (DE-625)147745:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a WF 5200 |0 (DE-625)148380: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a XI 1701 |0 (DE-625)152977:12907 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a QV 4 |2 nlm | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bacterial protein toxins |c contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 700 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Handbook of experimental pharmacology |v 145 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bacterial Toxins |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Proteins |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bakteriengift |0 (DE-588)4130547-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pharmakologie |0 (DE-588)4045687-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Bakteriengift |0 (DE-588)4130547-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Pharmakologie |0 (DE-588)4045687-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Bakteriengift |0 (DE-588)4130547-4 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aepfelbacher, Martin |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1027624014 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aktories, Klaus |d 1948- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)121590712 |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Handbook of experimental pharmacology |v 145 |w (DE-604)BV002390716 |9 145 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008899855&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008899855 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804127760275210240 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | BACTERIA
L PROTEI
N TOXINS
CONTRIBUTORS
M. AEPFELBACHER, G. AHNERT-HILGER, K. AKTORIES, R. ANTOINE,
J.T. BARBIERI, H. BARTH, S. BHAKDI, H. BIGALKE, P. BOQUET,
W. BRABETZ, P.0
. FALNES, C. FIORENTINI, W. FISCHER, B. FLEISCHER,
D.W. FRANK, M.C. GRAY, R. HAAS, L. HAMANN, S. HAUSCHILDT,
J. HEESEMANN, E.L. HEWLETT, T. HIRAYAMA, F. HOFMANN,
W.G.J. HOI, M. HOLTJE, I. JUST, S.H. LEPPLA, C. LOCHT,
D.M. LYERLY, V. MASIGNANI, E. MEKADA, A.R. MELTON-CELSA,
E. MERRITT, J. SCOTT MONCRIEF, J. MOSS, S. MIILLER-LOENNIES,
J.R. MURPHY, B. NURNBERG, A.D. O BRIEN, I. OHISHI, S. OLSNES,
I. PAHNER, M. PALMER, W.A. PATTON, M. PIZZA, M.R. POPOFF,
R. RAPPUOLI, D. RAZE, E.T. RIETSCHEL, J.I. ROOD, B. ROUOT,
K. RUCKDESCHEL, A.B. SCHROMM, K.D. SHARMA, L.F. SHOER,
R.W. TITBALL, T. UMATA, A. VALEVA, F. VAN DEN AKKER,
J.C. VANDERSPEK, M. VAUGHAN, A. VEITHEN, N. VITALE, A. WADA,
I. WALEV, J. WESCHE, S.E.H. WEST, T.D. WILKINS, P. ZABEL,
R. ZUMBIHL
EDITORS
K. AKTORIES AND I. JUST
SPRINGER
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
UPTAKE OF PROTEIN TOXINS ACTING INSIDE CELLS
S.
OLSNES
,
J.
WESCHE,
AND P.0
.
FALNES.
WITH 3 FIGURES 1
A. INTRODUCTIO
N AND BRIEF DESCRIPTIO
N OF RELEVAN
T TOXINS 1
B. BINDING TO CELL-SURFACE RECEPTOR
S 4
C. ENDOCYTOSIS 5
D. RETROGRAD
E VESICULAR TRANSPORT 7
I. TRANSPORT T
O TH
E GOLGI APPARATU
S 7
II. TRANSPORT T
O THE ENDOPLASMI
C RETICULUM 7
E. TRANSLOCATION T
O TH
E CYTOSOL 8
I. FROM THE SURFACE 8
II
. FROM ENDOSOME
S 9
III
. FROM TH
E E
R 9
F. STABILITY OF TOXINS IN THE CYTOSOL 11
G. TRANSLOCATION OF FUSION PROTEIN
S 12
REFERENCES 14
CHAPTE
R 2
COMMON FEATURES
OF
ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASES
V.
MASIGNANI,
M.
PIZZA
,
AND R.
RAPPUOLI.
WITH 5 FIGURES 21
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 21
B. THE WELL-CHARACTERIZED TOXINS 21
C. A COMMO
N STRUCTUR
E FOR TH
E CATALYTIC SITE 26
I. REGION 1 27
II. REGION 3 29
III
. REGION 2 30
D. OTHE
R BACTERIAL TOXINS WITH ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G ACTIVITY 33
E
. EUKARYOTI
C MONO-ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
S 35
F. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 37
REFERENCE
S 39
CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R 3
DIPHTHERIA TOXIN AND THE DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN RECEPTOR
T.
UMATA,
K.D
.
SHARMA,
AN
D E
.
MEKADA
.
WITH 4 FIGURE
S 45
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 45
B. DIPHTHERI
A TOXIN 45
I
. SYNTHESIS OF DIPHTHERI
A TOXIN 45
II
. TOXICITY OF DIPHTHERI
A TOXIN 46
III
. STRUCTUR
E AN
D FUNCTIO
N OF DIPHTHERI
A TOXIN 48
1. TH
E CATALYTIC DOMAI
N 48
2
. TH
E T DOMAI
N 48
3
. TH
E R DOMAI
N 49
IV. SENSITIVITY T
O DIPHTHERI
A TOXIN 50
C. THE DIPHTHERIA-TOXI
N RECEPTO
R 51
I. IDENTIFICATION OF TH
E DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN-RECEPTO
R PROTEI
N ..
. 51
II
. CLONIN
G OF TH
E DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN-RECEPTO
R GEN
E 52
III
. TH
E STRUCTUR
E AN
D FUNCTIO
N OF TH
E DIPHTHERIA-TOXI
N
RECEPTO
R 53
IV. MOLECULES ASSOCIATE
D WITH TH
E DIPHTHERIA-TOXI
N
RECEPTO
R 55
1. DRAP27/CD
9 55
2. HEPARIN-LIK
E MOLECULE
S 57
V. RECEPTO
R AN
D TOXIN ENTR
Y PROCESS 58
VI
. PHYSIOLOGICAL ROL
E OF TH
E DIPHTHERIA-TOXI
N RECEPTO
R 59
1. EGF-FAMIL
Y GROWT
H FACTO
R 59
2
. JUXTACRIN
E GROWT
H REGULATO
R 59
3. CONVERSIO
N OF TH
E MEMBRANE-ANCHORE
D FORM T
O TH
E
SOLUBLE FORM 60
REFERENCE
S 61
CHAPTER 4
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
EXOTOXIN
A
:
STRUCTURE/FUNCTION,
PRODUCTION, AND INTOXICATION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
S.E.H.
WEST.
WITH 3 FIGURES 67
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 67
I. BASIC STRUCTUR
E 68
II
. ROL
E OF ET
A IN DISEAS
E 70
B. PRODUCTIO
N OF ET
A BY TH
E BACTERIA
L CELL 71
I. CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF TH
E
TOXA
STRUCTURA
L GEN
E 71
II. ENVIRONMENTA
L AN
D TEMPORA
L SIGNALS AFFECTING ET
A
PRODUCTIO
N 71
III
. REGULATIO
N OF ET
A PRODUCTIO
N 72
IV. SECRETIO
N FROM TH
E BACTERIA
L CELL 75
CONTENTS XVII
C. INTOXICATION OF EUKARYOTI
C CELLS 76
I. BINDING T
O A SPECIFIC RECEPTO
R ON THE EUKARYOTI
C CELL
SURFACE AND INTERNALIZATIO
N BY RECEPTOR-MEDIATE
D
ENDOCYTOSI
S 77
II
. ACTIVATIO
N BY PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE AND/OR A
CONFORMATIONA
L CHANG
E 79
III
. REMOVA
L OF A TERMINAL LYSINE RESIDU
E AND TRANSLOCATION
INT
O TH
E CYTOSOL 80
IV. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF ELONGATIO
N FACTOR 2 80
REFERENCE
S 82
CHAPTE
R 5
DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN-BASED FUSION-PROTEIN TOXINS TARGETED TO THE
INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR: UNIQUE PROBES FOR CELL BIOLOGY AND A NEW
THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF LYMPHOMA
J.R.
MURPHY
AND J.C.
VANDERSPEK
91
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 91
B. DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN-BASE
D CYTOKIN
E FUSION PROTEIN
S 91
C. DAB389IL-2 AS A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROB
E FOR CELL BIOLOGY 95
D. PRE-CIINICAL CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF DAB486IL-2 AND
DAB389IL-2 97
E
. CLINICAL EVALUATIO
N OF DAB486IL-2 AN
D DAB389IL-2 98
I. RHEUMATOI
D ARTHRITI
S 99
II
. PSORIASIS 100
III
. NON-HODGKIN
S LYMPHOMA 101
IV. CUTANEOU
S T-CELL LYMPHOMA 102
REFERENCE
S 104
CHAPTE
R 6
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLERA TOXIN AND RELATED ENTEROTOXINS
F.
VAN DEN AKKER.
E.
MKRRITT,
AND W.G.J. HOI.. WITH 4 FIGURES 109
A. INTRODUCTIO
N 109
B. THREE-DIMENSIONA
L STRUCTURE
S OF HOLOTOXIN
S 110
C. TOXIN ASSEMBLY AND SECRETION 112
I. DESIGN OF ASSEMBLY ANTAGONIST
S 113
D. CELL-SURFACE-RECEPTOR RECOGNITION 113
I. DESIGN OF RECEPTO
R ANTAGONIST
S 115
E. TOXIN INTERNALIZATION 115
F. ENZYMATI
C MECHANISM 117
I. SUBSTRATES
. ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES, AND INHIBITORS 117
II
. NAD-BINDIN
G SITE 119
XV
JI
J CONTENTS
G. THE LT-II FAMILY
12
0
H
. PERSPECTIVE
S 2
5
REFERENCE
S ^
5
CHAPTE
R 7
MECHANISM OF CHOLERA TOXIN ACTION: ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTORS AS
STIMULATORS OF CHOLERA TOXIN-CATALYZED ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N AND
EFFECTORS IN INTRACELLULAR VESICULAR TRAFFICKING EVENTS
W.A.
PATTON,
N.
VITALE,
J. MOSS
, AN
D M.
VAUGHAN.
WITH 4 FIGURES...
. 133
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 133
B. CHOLER
A TOXIN 135
I. STRUCTUR
E 135
II
. BIOCHEMISTR
Y 135
III
. TOXIN INTERNALIZATIO
N 136
C. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N FACTORS 137
I. DISCOVERY OF ARF
S 137
II
. BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF ARF
S 138
III
. AR
F STRUCTUR
E 139
1. TH
E PRIMAR
Y STRUCTURE
S OF ARF
S 139
2. TH
E TERTIARY STRUCTURE
S OF ARF
S 140
IV. OTHE
R AR
F FAMILY MEMBER
S 141
1. ARF-RELATE
D PROTEIN
S 141
2. ARF-DOMAI
N PROTEI
N 1 143
V. MOLECULE
S THA
T REGULAT
E AR
F FUNCTION
: GEP
S AN
D
GAP
S 145
1. AR
F GUANIN
E NUCLEOTIDE-EXCHANG
E PROTEIN
S 145
2. AR
F GTPASE-ACTIVATIN
G PROTEIN
S 147
VI
. OTHE
R ARF-INTERACTIN
G MOLECULES 149
1. PHOSPHOLIPAS
E D 149
2. ARFAPTIN
S 150
VII
. AR
F IN CELLS 150
1. ARFS
ROL
E IN VESICULAR TRAFFICKING EVENT
S 150
2. SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF AR
F 151
D. SUMMARY 152
REFERENCE
S 152
CHAPTE
R 8
PERTUSSIS TOXIN: STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP
C.
LOCHT,
R.
ANTOINE
,
A
.
VEITHEN
,
AN
D D.
RAZE
.
WITH 5 FIGURE
S 167
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 167
B. TH
E RECEPTOR-BINDIN
G ACTIVITY OF PT
X 168
CONTENTS XIX
C. MEMBRAN
E TRANSLOCATION OF PT
X 170
D. THE ENZYMATI
C ACTIVITY OF S
I 175
E
. THE ENZYM
E MECHANISM OF SI-CATALYZE
D ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N ...
. 176
F. THE CATALYTIC RESIDUE
S OF PT
X 178
G. SUBSTRAT
E BINDING BY PT
X 180
H
. CONCLUSIONS 182
REFERENCE
S 182
CHAPTE
R 9
PERTUSSIS TOXIN AS A PHARMACOLOGICAL TOOL
B.
NURNBERG.
WITH 3 FIGURES 187
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 187
B. MOLECULAR ASPECT
S OF PT ACTIVITY ON G PROTEIN
S 189
I. GENERA
L CONSIDERATION
S 189
II
. PT-SENSITIVE G PROTEIN
S 190
1. MECHANISM OF P
T ACTIO
N 190
2. G-PROTEI
N SPECIFICITY 191
III
. P
T AS A TOOL WITH WHICH T
O STUDY G-PROTEIN-SUBUNI
T
COMPOSITIO
N 193
C. FUNCTIONA
L CONSEQUENCE
S OF P
T ACTIVITY 195
I. PT-AFFECTING RECEPTOR-G-PROTEIN-EFFECTO
R COUPLING 195
II
. PT-AFFECTING RECEPTOR-INDEPENDEN
T ACTIVATION OF
G PROTEIN
S 197
III
. US
E OF PT IN STUDYING CELLULAR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 198
APPENDIX
: EXPERIMENTA
L PROTOCOL
S FOR USING PT 199
I. SOURCE OF P
T AND PREPARATIO
N OF SOLUTIONS 199
II
. TREATMEN
T OF MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURE
S WITH P
T 199
III
. ACTIVATION OF P
T FOR IN VITRO ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N 199
IV. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF CELL-MEMBRAN
E PROTEIN
S BY PT 200
V. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF ISOLATED PROTEIN
S BY PT .
200
VI
. PREPARATIO
N OF SAMPLES FOR SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE
POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESI
S 200
VII
. CLEAVAGE OF ADP-RIBOS
E FROM G
A SUBUNITS 201
REFERENCES 201
CHAPTE
R 10
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
C3 EXOENZYME AND C3-LIKE TRANSFERASES
K.
AKTORIES,
H.
BARTH,
AND I.
JUST.
WITH 7 FIGURES 207
A. INTRODUCTIO
N 207
B. ORIGIN AN
D PURIFICATION OF C3 EXOENZYMES 207
I. ORIGIN OF C3 EXOENZYME
S 207
II
. PURIFICATION OF C3 EXOENZYMES 208
JX CONTENT
S
C. GENETICS OF C3 AND C3-LIKE EXOENZYMES 209
D. STRUCTURE-FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF C3 EXOENZYMES 210
E. ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY 212
I. BASIC PROPERTIES 212
II. REGULATION BY DETERGENTS AND DIVALENT CATIONS 212
III. RHO PROTEINS AS SUBSTRATES FOR C3 213
IV. FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE ADP-RIBOSYLATION OF
RHO 215
F. APPLICATION OF C3-LIKE EXOENZYMES AS TOOLS 218
G. CELLULAR EFFECTS OF C3 EXOENZYMES 219
I. EFFECTS OF C3 ON CELL MORPHOLOGY AND ACTIN
STRUCTURE 219
II. EFFECTS OF C3 ON CELL-CELL CONTACTS 222
III. EFFECTS OF C3 ON ENDOCYTOSIS AND PHAGOCYTOSIS 223
IV. EFFECTS OF C3 ON CELL SIGNALLING NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVING THE
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON 223
1. PHOSPHOLIPASE D AND PIP5 KINASE 223
2. SIGNALLING TO THE NUCLEUS AND GENE TRANSCRIPTION 224
H. CONCLUDING REMARKS 224
REFERENCES 225
CHAPTER 11
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
EXOENZYME S,
A BIFUNCTIONAL CYTOTOXIN
SECRETED BY A TYPE-ILL PATHWAY
XT.
BARBIEKI
AND D.W.
FRANK.
WITH 6 FIGURES 235
A. INTRODUCTION 235
B. INITIAL BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOS 236
C. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL GENES ENCODING EXOS 236
D. EXOS REQUIRES FAS TO EXPRESS ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
ACTIVITY 237
E. MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF EXOS 237
F. SECRETION OF EXOS VIA A TYPE-III SECRETION PATHWAY 239
G. REGULATION OF
EXOS
REGULON EXPRESSION 240
H. THE CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF EXOS COMPRISES THE
ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE DOMAIN 240
I. FUNCTIONAL MAPPING OF EXOS 240
II. EXOS IS A BIGLUTAMIC-ACID TRANSFERASE 240
III. EXOS CAN ADP-RIBOSYLATE NUMEROUS PROTEINS 242
IV. EXOS ADP-RIBOSY ATES RAS AT MULTIPLE ARGININE
RESIDUES 243
I. EXOS IS A BIFUNCTIONAL CYTOTOXIN 244
I. CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF EXOS 245
II. THE AMINO TERMINUS OF EXOS STIMULATES RHO-DEPENDENT
DEPOLYMERIZATION OF ACTIN 245
CONTENTS XXI
III
. THE CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF EXOS IS AN ADP
-
RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE THA
T IS CYTOTOXIC T
O CULTURE
D CELLS 246
J. MECHANISM FOR THE INHIBITION OF RAS-MEDIATE
D SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION BY EXOS 246
K. FUNCTIONA
L AND SEQUENCE RELATIONSHI
P BETWEEN EXOS AND TH
E
VERTEBRAT
E ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
S 247
L. CONCLUSION 248
REFERENCE
S 248
CHAPTE
R 12
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ACTIN-ADENOSINE-DIPHOSPHATE-RIBOSYLATING
TOXINS
I.
OHISHI
.
WITH 2 FIGURES 253
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 253
B.
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
C
2
TOXIN 253
I. ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G TOXIN OF
C. BOTULINUM
TYPES C AND D 253
II
. MOLECULAR STRUCTUR
E OF BOTULINUM Q TOXIN 254
III
. MOLECULAR FUNCTION
S OF TWO COMPONENT
S OF C
:
TOXIN 256
IV. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF ACTIN BY C
2
TOXIN 257
1. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF INTRACELLULA
R ACTIN OF CULTURE
D
CELLS * 258
2. ADP-RIBOSYLATIO
N OF PURIFIED ACTIN 260
C.
C. PERFRINGENS
IOTA TOXIN 262
I. ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G TOXIN OF
C.
PERFRINGENS
TYPE E 262
II
. MOLECULAR STRUCTUR
E AN
D FUNCTION 263
D.
C. SPIROFORME
TOXIN 265
I. ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G TOXIN OF
C. SPIROFORME
265
II. MOLECULAR STRUCTUR
E AN
D FUNCTION 265
E.
C. DIFFICILE
TOXIN 266
I. ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G TOXIN OF
C. DIFFICILE
266
II
. MOLECULAR STRUCTUR
E AND FUNCTION 266
F. CONCLUDING REMARK
S 268
REFERENCES 269
CHAPTE
R 13
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS
M.R.
POPOFF.
WITH 9 FIGURES 275
A. INTRODUCTIO
N 275
B. BACTERI
A PRODUCING ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATIN
G TOXINS 276
I.
C. BOTULINUM
276
II
. C.
PERFRINGENS
276
XXII
CONTENTS
III
. C.
SPIROFORME
277
IV. C.
DIFFICILE
277
C. FAMILIES OF ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS 277
I. C2-TOXIN FAMILY 278
II
. IOTA-TOXIN FAMILY 279
III. RELATEDNESS BETWEEN C2-TOXIN AND IOTA-TOXIN FAMILIES .
. . 279
D. ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING-TOXIN GENES AND PREDICTED
MOLECULES 282
I. IOTA-TOXIN GENES AND IOTA-TOXIN PROTEINS 282
II
.
C. SPIROFORME
TOXIN AND CD
T GENES 283
III.
C. SPIROFORME
TOXIN AND CDT PROTEINS 283
IV. C2-TOXIN GENES AND C2 PROTEINS 284
E. RELATEDNESS OF ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS
WITH OTHER TOXINS 284
I. RELATEDNESS WITH ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS 284
II. RELATEDNESS WITH
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
TOXINS 288
1. SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY 288
2. IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATEDNESS 289
3. FUNCTIONAL COMPARISON 289
III. RELATEDNESS WITH OTHE
R BINARY TOXINS 290
1.
BACILLUS
BINARY TOXINS 290
2. LEUKOCIDINS AND Y-LYSINS 291
F. GENETICS OF THE ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS 292
I. GENOMIC LOCALIZATION 292
II. GENE TRANSFER 293
G. GENE EXPRESSION 294
I. GENES OF ENZYMATIC AND BINDING-COMPONENT GENES ARE
ORGANIZED IN AN OPERO
N 294
II. GENE REGULATION 295
H. IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIN-ADP-RIBOSYLATING-TOXIN-PRODUCING
CLOSTRIDIA BY GENETIC METHODS 297
I. FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS 297
I. ENZYMATIC-COMPONENT DOMAINS 297
1. ENZYMATIC SITE 297
2. ENZYMATIC-COMPONENT DOMAIN WHICH INTERACTS WITH
THE BINDING COMPONENT 299
3. ACTIN-BINDING SITE 300
II. BINDING-COMPONENT DOMAINS 300
K. CONCLUDING REMARKS 302
REFERENCES 302
CONTENTS XXIII
CHAPTE
R 14
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF THE LARGE CLOSTRIDIAL CYTOTOXINS
I.
JUST,
F.
HOFMANN,
AND K.
AKTORIES.
WITH 6 FIGURES 307
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 307
B. STRUCTUR
E OF THE TOXINS 308
C. CELL ENTR
Y 309
D. MOLECULA
R MOD
E OF ACTION 315
I. ELUCIDATIO
N OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION 315
II
. ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY 316
1. CO-SUBSTRATES 316
2. CATALYTIC DOMAI
N AND REQUIREMENT
S FOR CATALYSIS 318
3. RECOGNITION OF THE PROTEIN SUBSTRATES 320
III
. CELLULAR TARGETS OF TH
E CYTOTOXINS 321
1. RH
O AND RAS PROTEIN
S AS SUBSTRATE
S 321
2. SITE OF MODIFICATION 321
3. CELLULAR FUNCTIONS OF RH
O PROTEINS 322
IV. FUNCTIONA
L CONSEQUENCE
S OF GLUCOSYLATION 324
1. CONSEQUENCE
S ON TH
E GTPAS
E CYCLE 324
2. BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCE
S 325
E
. CONCLUDING REMARK
S 327
REFERENCE
S 327
CHAPTE
R 15
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF LARGE CLOSTRIDIAL TOXINS
J.S.
MONCRIEF,
D.M.
LYERLY,
AND T.D.
WILKINS.
WITH 2 FIGURES 333
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 333
B. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF LARGE CLOSTRIDIAL TOXINS 335
I. TOXIN PRODUCTIO
N 335
II
. PURIFICATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIE
S 336
1.
C. DIFFICILE
TOXINS 336
2.
C. SORDELLII
AND
C. NOVYI
TOXINS 337
III
. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIE
S 337
1.
C. DIFFICILE
TOXINS 337
2. C.
SORDELLII
AND
C. NOVYI
TOXINS 339
3. RECEPTOR
S 340
C. MECHANISM OF ACTION 341
D. MOLECULA
R GENETIC
S OF THE TOXINS 342
I.
C. DIFFICILE
TOXIN A AND B GENE
S 342
II
.
C. DIFFICILE
TOXIGENIC ELEMEN
T 344
III
. ATYPICAL STRAINS OF
C. DIFFICILE
344
IV. C.
SORDELLII
AND
C. NOVYI
GENE
S 345
V. SEQUENC
E IDENTITY AND CONSERVED FEATURE
S OF THE TOXINS ..
. 346
XXIV CONTENTS
1. N-TERMINAL GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE DOMAIN 346
2. REPEATING UNITS 347
3. ADDITIONAL CONSERVED FEATURES 348
VI. GEN
E TRANSFER IN
C. DIFFICILE
349
E. REGULATION OF
C. DIFFICILE
TOXINS 349
F. CONCLUSIONS 351
REFERENCES 351
CHAPTE
R 16
THE CYTOTOXIC NECROTIZING FACTOR 1 FROM
ESCHERICHIA COLI
P.
BOQUET
AND C.
FIORENTINI.
WITH 5 FIGURES 361
A. INTRODUCTION 361
B. THE CNF1 GEN
E AND THE PREVALENCE OF CNF1 -PRODUCING STRAINS
AMONG UROPATHOGENIC
E. COLI
362
I. THE CNF1 GEN
E 362
II. PREVALENCE OF CNF1-PRODUCING STRAINS AMONG
UROPATHOGENIC
E. COLI
363
C. PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND CELLULAR EFFECTS OF
E. COLI
CNF1 364
I. PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF
E. COLI
CNF1 364
II. CELLULAR EFFECTS OF
E. COLI
CNF1 365
D. CNF1 MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION 365
I. INTRACELLULAR ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CNF1 365
II. CONSEQUENCES OF CNF1 ACTIVITY ON RH
O GTP-BINDING
PROTEINS 368
E. STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS OF CNF1 AND THE FAMILY OF
DERMONECROTIC TOXINS 373
I. THE C-TERMINAL PART OF CNF1 CONTAINS ITS ENZYMATIC
ACTIVITY 373
II. THE N-TERMINAL PART OF CNF1 CONTAINS ITS CELL-BINDING
ACTIVITY 375
F. POSSIBLE ROLES FOR CNF1 AS A VIRULENCE FACTOR 375
I. CNF1 AND INDUCTION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS 375
II. CNF1 AND CELL APOPTOSIS 377
III. CNF1: EPITHELIAL CELL PERMEABILITY AND PMN TRANS
EPITHELIAL MIGRATION 378
G. CONCLUSIONS 379
REFERENCES 379
CONTENTS XXV
CHAPTE
R 17
SHIGA TOXINS OF
SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE
AND
ESCHERICHIA COLI
A.R
.
MELTON-CELS
A
AND A.D
.
O BRIEN
.
WITH 1 FIGURE 385
A
. PROFILE OF THE SHIGA-TOXIN FAMILY 385
I. NOMENCLATUR
E AND HISTORY 385
II
. TH
E STX FAMILY 386
1. TRAITS THA
T MAK
E TH
E MEMBER
S PAR
T OF A FAMILY 386
2. CHARACTERISTICS THA
T DISTINGUISH STX FAMILY MEMBER
S ..
. 387
III
. ROL
E OF STXS IN
S. DYSENTERIAE
TYPE 1 AND STE
C
DISEASE 388
1. PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTION CAUSE
D BY ORGANISMS THA
T
PRODUC
E STXS 388
2. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STXS AND DEVELOPMEN
T OF H
C
AND/O
R THE HU
S 388
3
. FINDINGS WITH ANIMA
L AND TISSUE CULTUR
E MODELS THA
T
SUPPOR
T A PRIMARY ROL
E FOR STXS IN VIRULENCE OF SHIGA S
BACILLUS AND STE
C 389
B. STX GENETIC
S AND EXPRESSION 389
I. LOCATION
, ORGANIZATION
, AND NUCLEOTID
E AND DEDUCE
D
AMIN
O ACID SEQUENCES OF STX FAMILY MEMBE
R OPERON
S ..
. 389
II
. REGULATIO
N OF TOXIN PRODUCTIO
N 391
III
. TOXIN PURIFICATION 391
C. STRUCTURE-FUNCTIO
N ANALYSES OF STX FAMILY MEMBER
S 392
I. STRUCTUR
E OF STX 392
II
. GENETI
C ANALYSES OF STX FUNCTION 393
D. INTRACELLULA
R TRAFFICKING OF TH
E SHIGA TOXINS 396
E
. VIRULENCE/TOXICITY DIFFERENCES AMONG THE STXS 397
F. IMMUN
E RESPONS
E T
O STXS, PASSIVE ANTI-STX THERAPY, AND
VACCINE DEVELOPMEN
T 397
I. ANTI-TOXIN RESPONSE
S DURING STE
C INFECTION 397
II
. PASSIVE THERAPY WITH ANTI-STX ANTIBODIE
S 398
III
. VACCINE DEVELOPMEN
T 398
G. SUMMAR
Y 399
REFERENCE
S 399
CHAPTE
R 18
CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS
H.
BIGALKE
AND L.F.
SHOER.
WITH 8 FIGURES 407
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 407
B. TETANU
S AND BOTULISM IN MAN AND ANIMALS 409
I. MODE
S OF POISONING 409
II
. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 410
III
. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 410
CONTENTS
C. STRUCTURE OF CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS 412
I. GENETIC DETERMINATION 412
II. STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS 413
D. TOXICOKINETICS OF CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS 417
I. RECEPTOR BINDING AND INTERNALIZATION 417
II. TRANSLOCATION FROM ENDOSOMES INTO THE CYTOSOL AND
PRIMING 419
III. SORTING, ROUTING AND AXONAL TRANSPORT 421
E. TOXICODYNAMICS OF CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS 422
I. MODE OF ACTION OF CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROPROTEASES 422
II. FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATES 425
F. CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS SERVE AS TOOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY AND AS
THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 427
REFERENCES 431
CHAPTE
R 19
ANTHRAX TOXIN
S.H.
LEPPLA.
WITH 1 FIGURE 445
A. INTRODUCTION 445
B. TOXIN GENES 446
I. GENE LOCATION AND ORGANIZATION 446
II. DNA SEQUENCES AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION 446
C. TOXIN-COMPONENT PROTEINS 447
I. TOXIN PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION, AND PROPERTIES 447
II. PA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 448
III. LF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 452
IV. E
F STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 454
V. PA FAMILY MEMBERS 455
D. CELLULAR UPTAKE AND INTERNALIZATION 456
I. CELLULAR RECEPTOR FOR PA 456
II. PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION OF PA 456
III. LF AND E
F BINDING TO PA63 457
IV. ENDOCYTIC UPTAKE 458
V. CHANNEL FORMATION 459
VI. TRANSLOCATION AND CYTOSOLIC TRAFFICKING 461
E. INTRACELLULAR ACTIONS 462
I. E
F ADENYLATE CYCLASE 462
II. LF METALLOPROTEASE 463
F. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF LF FUSION PROTEINS 464
G. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 465
REFERENCES . .
. 465
CONTENTS XXVI1
CHAPTE
R 20
ADENYLYL-CYCLASE TOXIN FROM
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
E.L
.
HEWLET
T
AND M.C.
GRAY.
WITH 1 FIGURE 473
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N AND BACKGROUND 473
B. GEN
E AN
D PROTEI
N STRUCTURE 474
C. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF AC TOXIN 475
I. ENZYMATI
C ACTIVITY 475
II
. CELL-INVASIVE ACTIVITY 476
III.
POR
E FORMATION AND HEMOLYSIS 477
IV. SUMMARY 479
D. POSSIBLE ROLE/S FOR AC TOXIN IN PATHOGENESIS 480
E
. AC TOXIN AS A PROTECTIVE ANTIGE
N 481
F. USES OF A
C TOXIN AS A NOVEL RESEARCH REAGEN
T 482
G. FUTUR
E DIRECTION
S 482
REFERENCE
S 483
CHAPTE
R 21
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN
W.
FISCHER
AND R.
HAAS
.
WITH 4 FIGURES 489
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 489
B. IDENTIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE
H. PYLORI
VACUOLATING
CYTOTOXI
N 490
C. GEN
E STRUCTUR
E AND MECHANISM OF SECRETION 491
I. CLONING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF
VACA
ENCODING
TH
E VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN 491
II
. AUTOTRANSPORTE
R ORGANISATION OF THE VACA PRECURSOR 493
III.
MOSAIC GEN
E STRUCTUR
E OF
VAC A
ALLELES IN THE
H. PYLORI
POPULATION 493
IV. CONSEQUENCE
S OF THE
VAC A
MOSAIC GEN
E STRUCTUR
E 494
V. PRESENC
E OF
VACA
HOMOLOGUE
S IN THE
H. PYLORI
GENOM
E .
. . 494
D. REGULATIO
N OF
VACA
GEN
E EXPRESSION 495
E
. EXTRACELLULA
R STRUCTUR
E AND ACTIVATION OF THE VACUOLATING
CYTOTOXIN 496
I. PROCESSING AND QUATERNAR
Y STRUCTUR
E 496
II
. ACTIVATION BY ACID 496
F. EFFECTS OF VACA ON EUCARYOTIC CELLS 497
I. BINDING T
O TARGET CELLS AND MECHANISM OF UPTAK
E 497
II
. VACUOLE FORMATION 499
III.
OTHE
R EFFECTS OF VACA 501
G. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF THE VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN 502
H. VACA AS A VACCINE CANDIDAT
E 503
I. CONCLUDIN
G REMARK
S 503
REFERENCE
S -^ 4
XXVIII CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R 22
STAPHYLOCOCCAL
A
TOXIN
S.
BHAKDI
,
I.
WALEV,
M.
PALMER,
AN
D A
.
VALEVA.
WITH 8 FIGURE
S 509
A
. OCCURRENC
E AN
D BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 509
B. PURIFICATION AN
D PROPERTIE
S OF MONOMERI
C TOXIN 509
C. MECHANIS
M OF ACTION 510
I. BINDIN
G 510
II
. OLIGOMERIZATIO
N 511
III
. POR
E FORMATIO
N 512
D. STRUCTUR
E OF OLIGOMERIC PORE
S 512
I. STRUCTUR
E OF TH
E HEPTAMERI
C PORE FORME
D IN DETERGEN
T
SOLUTION 512
II
. STRUCTUR
E OF THE MEMBRANE-BOUN
D OLIGOME
R 514
E
. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 517
I. CYTOCIDAL ACTION 517
II
. SECONDAR
Y CELLULAR REACTION
S 517
1. REACTION
S PROVOKE
D BY TRANSMEMBRAN
E FLUX OF
MONOVALEN
T ION
S 517
2. CA
2+
-DEPENDEN
T REACTION
S 518
3
. LONG-RANG
E EFFECTS OF
A
TOXIN 520
4. SYNERGISM BETWEE
N
A
TOXIN AN
D OTHE
R TOXINS 520
F. RESISTANC
E AN
D REPAI
R MECHANIS
M 520
G. USE OF
A
TOXIN IN CELL BIOLOGY 522
H
. MEDICAL RELEVANC
E OF
A
TOXIN 523
REFERENCE
S 524
CHAPTE
R 2
3
BACTERIAL PHOSPHOLIPASES
R.W.
TITBALL
AN
D J.I.
ROOD
.
WITH 5 FIGURE
S 529
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 529
B. RELATE
D GROUP
S OF PHOSPHOLIPASE
S 529
I. ZIN
C METALLOPHOSPHOLIPAS
E CS 530
II
. GRAM-NEGATIV
E PLC
S 535
III
. PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITO
L PLC
S 535
IV. PHOSPHOLIPAS
E D
S 536
C. FUNCTIONA
L AN
D BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIE
S OF PHOSPHOLIPASE
S 536
D. MODULATIO
N OF EUKARYOTI
C CELL METABOLIS
M 538
I. HYDROLYSIS OF MEMBRAN
E PHOSPHOLIPID
S 538
II. HYDROLYSIS OF MEMBRAN
E PHOSPHOLIPID
S MODULATE
S CELL
METABOLIS
M 541
E
. REGULATIO
N 542
I. REGULATIO
N OF TH
E C.
PERFRINGENS PIC
GEN
E 542
CONTENTS
XXL
X
II. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PLC PRODUCTION IN
P. AERUGINOSA
542
III. REGULATION OF THE
LISTERIA
PHOSPHOLIPASES BY PRFA 543
F. ROLE IN DISEASE 544
I. GAS GANGRENE 544
II.
P. AERUGINOSA
INFECTIONS 546
III. THE PATHOGENESIS OF LISTERIOSIS 547
IV. CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS IN RUMINANTS 548
G. CONCLUSIONS 548
REFERENCES 549
CHAPTE
R 24
PORE-FORMING TOXINS
AS
CELL-BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TOOLS
G.
AHNERT-HILGER,
I.
PAHNER,
AND M.
HOLTJE.
WITH 5 FIGURES 557
A. PERMEABILIZED CELLS: AN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF INTRACELLULAR
PROCESSES 557
B. OR-TOXIN AND SLO AS TOOLS WITH WHICH TO STUDY FUNCTIONAL
ASPECTS OF INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLES 559
I. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND CELL PERMEABILITY 559
1. PROTOCOL 1: PERMEABILIZATION OF ATTACHED CELLS BY
A-TOXIN OR SLO 560
A) ALTERNATE PROTOCOL 1 560
2. PROTOCOL 2: PERMEABILIZATION OF CELLS IN SUSPENSION 560
A) COMMENTARY FOR PROTOCOLS 1 AND 2 561
3. PROTOCOL 3: ASSAY TO COMPARE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF
VARIOUS PORE-FORMING TOXINS USING RABBIT
ERYTHROCYTES 561
A) COMMENTARY FOR PROTOCOL 3 562
4. PROTOCOL 4: TRYPAN-BLUE EXCLUSION TEST 562
A) COMMENTARY FOR PROTOCOL 4 563
II. INTRODUCTION OF MEMBRANE IMPERMEABLE PROTEINS 563
1. PROTOCOL 5: INTRODUCTION OF MEMBRANE-IMPERMEABLE
PROTEINS. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE FOR SYNAPTOPHYSIN 565
A) COMMENTARY FOR PROTOCOL 5 565
2. PROTOCOL 6: INTRODUCTION OF MEMBRANE-IMPERMEABLE
PROTEINS. TENT/LC 566
A) COMMENTARY FOR PROTOCOL 6 567
III. ASSAY FOR EXOCYTOSIS IN PERMEABILIZED CELLS 567
1. PROTOCOL 7: MEASURING EXOCYTOSIS IN PERMEABILIZED
SUSPENSION CELLS 568
2. PROTOCOL 8: MEASURING EXOCYTOSIS IN PERMEABILIZED
ATTACHED CELLS 570
A) COMMENTARY FOR BASIC PROTOCOLS 7 AND 8 570
XX
X CONTENTS
IV. REGULATION OF VESICULAR TRANSMITTER TRANSPORTERS IN
PERMEABILIZED CELLS 570
1. PROTOCOL 9: REGULATION OF VESICULAR TRANSMITTER
TRANSPORTERS IN PERMEABILIZED CELLS 571
A) COMMENTARY FOR BASIC PROTOCOL 9 572
C. CHEMICALS USED IN THE PROTOCOLS 572
D. CONCLUDING REMARKS 573
REFERENCES 573
CHAPTE
R 25
HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN OF
ESCHERICHIA COLI
T.
HIRAYAMA
AND A.
WADA.
WITH 3 FIGURES 577
A. INTRODUCTION 577
B. HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN STA 578
I. STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STA 578
II. RECEPTOR FOR STA 580
C. STA-LIKE HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN 585
D. HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN STB 585
I. STRUCTURE OF STB 585
II. BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF STB 586
E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 588
REFERENCES 588
CHAPTE
R 26
SUPERANTIGENIC TOXINS
B.
FLEISCHER.
WITH 1 FIGURE 595
A. SUMMARY 595
B. INTRODUCTION 595
C. PETS OF
S. AUREUS
AND
S. PYOGENES
596
I. GENES AND MOLECULES 596
II. MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION 600
1. BINDING TO MHC CLASS-II MOLECULES 600
2. NON-MHC RECEPTORS 601
3. INTERACTION WITH THE TCR 602
III. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PETS 604
1. ROLE OF PETS AS VIRULENCE FACTORS 604
2. ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS 604
3. ASSOCIATION WITH HUMAN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 605
4. THE ENTEROTOXIC ACTIVITY 606
D. OTHER SUPERANTIGENS (OR PSEUDOSUPERANTIGENS) OF GRAM-POSITIVE
COCCI? 607
CONTENTS XXXI
I. THE ET
S OF
S. AUREUS
607
II
. M PROTEIN
S AND SP
E B OF
S. PYOGENES
607
III
. THE MITOGENIC FACTOR OF
S. PYOGENES
608
E
. THE
M. ARTHRITIDIS
SUPERANTIGE
N 610
F. THE
Y. PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
MITOGEN 610
G. CONCLUDING REMARK
S 611
REFERENCES 611
CHAPTE
R 27
STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF ENDOTOXINS
S.
HAUSCHILDT,
W.
BRABETZ,
A.B.
SCHROMM.
L.
HAMANN.
P.
ZABEL
.
E.T.
RIETSCHEL,
AN
D S.
MULLER-LOENNIES
.
WITH 10 FIGURES 619
A
. INTRODUCTIO
N 619
B. THE CHEMICAL STRUCTUR
E OF LPS 624
I. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
S OF THE O-SPECIFIC CHAIN 627
II
. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
S OF THE LPS CORE 627
III
. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
S OF LIPID A 629
C. BIOSYNTHESIS OF LPS 632
I. BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIPID A 632
II
. BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE COR
E REGION 632
III
. BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE O-SPECIFIC CHAIN 633
D. STRUCTURE-ACTIVIT
Y RELATIONSHIP
S OF LPS AND LIPID A 634
E
. CELLULAR AND HUMORA
L RESPONSE
S T
O LPS IN MAMMALS 636
F. STRATEGIES FOR TH
E TREATMEN
T OF GRAM-NEGATIV
E INFECTIONS 644
I. ANTIBACTERIA
L AGENT
S 645
II
. ANTAGONIST
S OF ENDOTOXI
C EFFECTS 647
III.
NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIE
S AGAINST ENDOTOXI
N 649
G. FINAL REMARK
S 651
REFERENCES 652
CHAPTE
R 28
TRANSLOCATED TOXINS AND MODULINS OF
YERSINIA
M.
AEPFELBACHER.
R.
ZUMBIHL,
K.
RI/CKDESCHEI..
B. ROROI
. AND
J.
HF.ESEMANN.
WITH 5 FIGURES 669
A. INTRODUCTIO
N 669
B.
YERSINIA
PROTEIN TYPE-ILL SECRETION/TRANSLOCATION SYSTEM 670
I. VIRULENCE PLASMID PYV 670
II. REGULATION OF YOP EXPRESSION
. SECRETION AND
TRANSLOCATION 671
C. TRANSLOCATED TOXINS AND MODULINS OF
YERSINIA
(EFFECTOR YOPS) .
. . 674
XXXII CONTENTS
I. YOPH
, A HIGHLY ACTIV
E TYROSINE PHOSPHATAS
E 674
II
. YOPE
, AN ACTIN-DISRUPTIN
G CYTOTOXI
N 677
III
. YOPP, MODULATO
R OF MULTIPL
E SIGNAL PATHWAY
S LEADIN
G T
O
APOPTOSI
S AN
D CYTOKIN
E SUPPRESSIO
N 678
IV. YOPT, ANOTHE
R ACTIN-DISRUPTIN
G CYTOTOXI
N 681
V. YOPM - SO FAR, N
O EVIDENC
E FOR AN INTRACELLULA
R
FUNCTIO
N 681
VI
. YPKA
, A PUTATIV
E SERINE/THREONIN
E KINAS
E AFFECTING
CELL SHAP
E 682
D. PERSPECTIVE
S 683
REFERENCE
S 685
SUBJECT INDE
X 691
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1027624014 (DE-588)121590712 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV013061007 |
| classification_rvk | VT 5300 WF 5200 XI 1701 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)215821754 (DE-599)BVBBV013061007 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Biologie Medizin |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01986nam a2200493 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV013061007</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20150925 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">000229s2000 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">957921438</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3540661255</subfield><subfield code="c">Pp. : ca. DM 759.00</subfield><subfield code="9">3-540-66125-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)215821754</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV013061007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">DE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-578</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VT 5300</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)147745:253</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WF 5200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)148380:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XI 1701</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)152977:12907</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QV 4</subfield><subfield code="2">nlm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bacterial protein toxins</subfield><subfield code="c">contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer</subfield><subfield code="c">2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXXII, 700 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Handbook of experimental pharmacology</subfield><subfield code="v">145</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bacterial Toxins</subfield><subfield code="2">cabt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Proteins</subfield><subfield code="2">cabt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bakteriengift</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4130547-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Pharmakologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045687-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4143413-4</subfield><subfield code="a">Aufsatzsammlung</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bakteriengift</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4130547-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Pharmakologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045687-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bakteriengift</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4130547-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aepfelbacher, Martin</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1027624014</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aktories, Klaus</subfield><subfield code="d">1948-</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)121590712</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Handbook of experimental pharmacology</subfield><subfield code="v">145</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV002390716</subfield><subfield code="9">145</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008899855&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008899855</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV013061007 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:38:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540661255 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008899855 |
| oclc_num | 215821754 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 DE-578 |
| physical | XXXII, 700 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Handbook of experimental pharmacology |
| series2 | Handbook of experimental pharmacology |
| spelling | Bacterial protein toxins contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2000 XXXII, 700 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handbook of experimental pharmacology 145 Bacterial Toxins cabt Proteins cabt Bakteriengift (DE-588)4130547-4 gnd rswk-swf Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Bakteriengift (DE-588)4130547-4 s Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 s DE-604 Aepfelbacher, Martin Sonstige (DE-588)1027624014 oth Aktories, Klaus 1948- Sonstige (DE-588)121590712 oth Handbook of experimental pharmacology 145 (DE-604)BV002390716 145 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008899855&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bacterial protein toxins Handbook of experimental pharmacology Bacterial Toxins cabt Proteins cabt Bakteriengift (DE-588)4130547-4 gnd Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130547-4 (DE-588)4045687-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Bacterial protein toxins |
| title_auth | Bacterial protein toxins |
| title_exact_search | Bacterial protein toxins |
| title_full | Bacterial protein toxins contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial protein toxins contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial protein toxins contributors M. Aepfelbacher ... Ed. K. Aktories and I. Just |
| title_short | Bacterial protein toxins |
| title_sort | bacterial protein toxins |
| topic | Bacterial Toxins cabt Proteins cabt Bakteriengift (DE-588)4130547-4 gnd Pharmakologie (DE-588)4045687-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bacterial Toxins Proteins Bakteriengift Pharmakologie Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008899855&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002390716 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aepfelbachermartin bacterialproteintoxins AT aktoriesklaus bacterialproteintoxins |