Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya: regional and gender based disparities
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Osnabrück
Univ.-Verl. Rasch
2000
|
| Series: | Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie
18 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3934005292 |
Staff View
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| adam_text | Contents
Contents 9
Lists of tables, maps, figures, graphs and pictures 14
List of appendices 16
List of abbreviations and acronyms 18
Frequently used Swahili words 21
Introduction 23
Motivation and background of the study 23
Scope and design of the research 25
Structure and content of the thesis 27
Pottery and ceramics between archaeological studies and
development policies 31
1 Pottery and ceramic studies. An introduction to dominant
academic approaches 31
1.1 The archaeological approach 32
1.1.1 The art historical phase 32
1.1.2 The typological phase 32
1.1.3 The contextual phase: An interdisciplinary approach 33
1.2 The technical approach 34
1.3 The ethnographic approach 34
2 A PORTRAY OF POTTERY STUDIES FOCUSING ON AFRICA 35
2.1 African pottery on display 37
2.2 Kenyan crafts and pottery highlighted 38
Environmental perception and organisational set up of the
potter s craft in Africa 42
3 Mind share: Pottery between craft, handicraft and art 42
3.1 The European view 47
3.2 The African view 48
9
4 SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF THE
POTTER S CRAFT IN AFRICA 51
4.1 Mythological beliefs hampering economic growth 54
4.2 Traditional and modern pottery in Africa: A gender bias set up 56
4.3 External influence and internal change 57
4.4 Traditional African pottery innovated 59
4.5 The future and economic potential of the contemporary potter s craft
in Africa 62
5 The perception, socio economic and spatial environment of the
crafts in Kenya 65
5.1 Regional economic disparities External influence and internal
differentiation 65
5.2 The formation and development of the Kenyan labour force 67
5.2.1 The local elite 70
5.2.2 The skilled workforce 70
5.2.3 The unskilled mass 70
5.3 The perception and economic performance of traditional crafts and
rural industries 73
Crafts promotion in Kenya during the 20th Century 78
6 Sector policies affecting the development of Kenya s craft scene
during the 20™ century 79
6.1 Formal Art and Craft training and educational messages 81
6.1.1 Art education and formal pottery training in Africa under
British colonial rule 82
6.1.2 Post independence educational set ups and messages,
Government of Kenya 84
1. Art and crafts in Primary Schools 84
2. Art and crafts in secondary schools 86
3. Teachers Training Colleges 88
4. Universities 88
5. Bum Buru Institute of Fine Art 90
6. Rift Valley Institute of Science and Technology (RV1ST) 91
6.2 Technical training and the emergence of the informal sector 92
6.2.1 Traditional skill acquisition the household model 92
6.2.2 The modern education system 93
1. Formal craft education 94
2. The evolution and transformation of a non formal
education system 95
10
6.3 Crafts promotion under the umbrella of Community Development
Policies 108
6.3.1 Women in Developments The WiD approach being
defined and formalised 112
6.3.2 Women s groups and their involvement with (handi )crafts
activities 119
7 Kenya s contemporary (handi )craft scene, its key players and
their objectives 128
7.1 Craft promotion with a view to technical training and job creation 128
7.2 Craft promotion with a view to trade and export marketing 134
7.2.1 Handicraft export promotion in Kenya a historical
retrospective 135
7.2.2 The industries/crafts in focus 140
7.2.3 Sector activists and their objectives 145
1. Co operatives 145
2. Private sector activists 146
3. Alternative Trade Organisations (ATOs) 147
7.2.4 International market trends with regard to ceramic and
pottery ware 149
The potter s craft in Kenya 152
8 Research planning and design: an ethnographic approach 152
9 Creating a country profile of the potter s craft in Kenya 159
9.1 Distribution of the traditional potter s craft 160
9.1.1 Migration, diffusion and contemporary set up of the craft 171
9.2 Diversification and economic growth of the potter s craft in Kenya 179
9.2.1 The introduction of ceramic production with the view to
creating employment and fostering industries with a local
raw material base 184
1. Ceramic Industries of East Africa Ltd. A large scale
industry 186
2. Small and medium scale ceramic manufacturers 187
3. Retrospective of almost 50 years of ceramic production
in Kenya 187
9.2.2 The jiko liner production and emergence of an urban Jua
Kali pottery enterprise culture a gender bias set up 187
1. Kenya Renewable Energy Development Project KREDP) 191
2. The wood stove programme 193
11
9.3 Marketing of pottery ware in Kenya 194
9.3.1 A historical retrospective: Traditional distribution and
marketing systems 194
9.3.2 Contemporary distribution of pottery and ceramic ware in
Kenya 197
1. The distribution and market value of traditional pottery
ware 197
2. The distribution of terracotta ware 203
3. The distribution of ceramic ware 206
10 Studying the flourishing and the ebbing side of the craft 207
10.1 Introduction of the field work 207
10.2 Market assessments 210
10.2.1 Trade dynamics and organisational set up of the markets 211
10.2.2 Sector activists: Their economic and social networks 215
10.3 Portrait of a diminishing craft tradition Pottery activities among the
Meru of Kenya: A case study in its own right 220
10.3.1 The field work 220
10.3.2 Meru pottery: Customs and contemporary performance of
the craft 226
10.4 Flourishing pottery businesses: Comparative case studies 229
10.4.1 Ceramic Pottery Industries in Nairobi Formal Sector
Employees 233
1. Jitegemea Pottery 233
2. KazuriLtd. 235
3. Clayworks Ltd. 235
4. Terra Ltd. 236
5. BosmereLtd. 236
10.4.2 Luo potters of Nyanza Province: A female dominated scene 237
1. The Oriang Pottery Women Group 237
2. Luo potters who do not belong to the Oriang Pottery
Women Group 239
10.4.3 Isukha potters: Urban potters and their rural peers 245
11 Excursion: Gender specific development approaches and
developments 253
11.1 Oriang Pottery Women Group: A case study and critical reflection
of the women s group approach 256
11.2 Jua Kali Pottery Enterprises: Urban potters and their rural peers 269
11.3 Resume 281
12
12 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF KENYA S GENDER BIAS RURAL URBAN
POTTERY SCENE 282
12.1 Demographic composition of the respondents by cluster 282
12.2 Educational background and professional career of the potters
interviewed 284
12.3 Skill acquisition and access to the potter s craft 288
12.4 Gender specific productive and entrepreneurial behaviour 293
12.5 Organisational status and socio economic environment of the craft 298
12.6 Innovation and cautious behaviour 300
12.7 Linkages of the potter s craft to the rural subsistence and urban wage
labour market 303
12.8 Mind share and public perception of the potter s craft 307
12.9 Comparative advantages and disadvantages of potters working under
different working conditions in Kenya 311
Review, conclusions and recommendations 326
13 Review: Evolution and diversification of the potter s craft in
Kenya 326
14 Conclusions and recommendations 334
Appendices 337
Bibliography 354
13
List of Tables
Table 1: Sources of Employment and Employment Growth, (in millions) 72
Table 2: A detailed classification of handicrafts among the non farm activities
with comparative provincial frequencies in % of rural households (1977) 75
Table 3: Art and Crafts subjects in Primary Schools in Kenya
under the 8 A A system 86
Table 4: Services provided by NGOs to women during the early 1980 120
Table 5: Women Groups by major Activity and Province in total Numbers,
not including NBI 122
Table 6: Handicraft Activities carried out by WGs by Activity and Province
in total Numbers 123
Table 7: Business Profile of Women Entrepreneurs interviewed
in 31 Kenyan towns, 1997 125
Table 8: Classification of Kenyan Handicraft Export by Products, 1981 1995
(KShs. Mio.) 141
Table 9: Handicraft exports as per KETA records for 1994 and 1995:
Category Others 142
Table 10: Handicrafts exports in % of 100 % 144
Table 11: Profile of the traditional potter s craft in Kenya, an ethnic selection 165
Table 12: Prevailing sex of the active craftsperson by 48 districts, 1995 168
Table 13: Prevailing ethnic origin of the active potters in relation to the
intensity and development of the craft in the districts as perceived
by the DSDOs in 1995 172
Table 14: Intensity of the craft activities in no. and % of districts 174
Table 15: Profile of the potter s craft according to the perception of the DSDOs 175
Table 16: Intensity and economic potential of the crafts as perceived
by the DSDOs 176
Table 17: Ceramics stated as major activity by women s groups in Kenya
by Province and No. of groups 180
Table 18: Regional distribution and production profile of jiko producers, 1995 189
Table 19: Market value of a traditional Luo cooking pot in KShs. in Kenya (1993) 202
Table 20: Market value of a 40 cm 50 cm tall clay planter in Kenya (1993) 205
Table 21: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
a. Producer Profile 312
Table 22: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
b. Production Environment 314
Table 23: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
c. Availability of raw materials and equipment 316
Table 24: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
d. Investment and production costs 318
Table 25: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
e. Production range and market orientation 320
Table 26: Profile of different potters and pottery/ceramic entrepreneurs in Kenya
f. Customer profile 322
14
Table 27: Felt training needs 325
Table 28: Enrolment figures at 5 Harambee Institutes of Technology in 1990 343
Table 29: Ethnic composition of Kenya s population in 1989 346
Table 30: Sectoral breakdown of MSEs in % 349
Table 31: Level of formal education of potters interviewed in 1995 in % 350
Table 32: Level of formal education of MSE activists incl. in the 1995
GEMINI survey in % 350
Table 33: Minimum wages announced by the Ministry of Labour
on 29lh May 1996 in KShs. 351
Table 34: Net profits per worker by industrial sector, 1995 (in KShs.) 352
Table 35: Net returns per worker (KShs.) and number of enterprises:
Enterprises owned by women 353
List of Maps
Map 1: Kenya Administrative boundaries, 1995 64
Map 2: Kenya Distribution of Handicraft Activities by No. of WGs, 1991 127
Map 3: Kenya Areas and subject of the field studies 158
Map 4: Peoples of Kenya Ethnic distribution 163
Map 5: Kenya Gender and activity profile of the potters in the districts 169
Map 6: Kenya Activity profile and ethnic origin of the active potters
in the districts as stated by the DSDOs in 1995/96 170
Map 7: Kenya Intensity of the potter s craft in the districts 178
Map 8: Kenya Women s groups attending to pottery in 1990/91 181
Map 9: Kenya Distribution of Jiko Projects 190
Map 10: Pottery trade routes evolving from markets and towns visited
in western Kenya 209
List of Figures
Figure 1: Theoretical sampling of the research levels, groups and individual
cases//informants part one: rural Kenya 156
Figure 2: Theoretical sampling of the research levels, groups and individual
cases//informants part one: Nairobi/urban Kenya 156
Figure 3: Distribution of pottery wares originating from rural Kenya 212
Figure 4: Family line of Luyia pot traders at Eldoret 219
Figure 5: Places and people visited during my fieldwork among the Meru
of Kenya (08.08.95 13.08.95) 222
Figure 6: The evolution and rise of the Nairobi based Jua Kali pottery scene 278
Figure 7: Model of the dynamic of entrepreneurial behaviour 294
Figure 8: Diversification of the potter s craft Characteristics of the various
sub sectors 328
Figure 9: Diversification of the potter s craft overview 332
15
Graphs
Graph 1: Place of pottery skill acquisition of 83 potters interviewed 93
Graph 2: Kenyan Women s Groups attending to various Handicraft Activities
in% 124
Graph 3: No. of Women s Groups stating Ceramics as their major Activity,
by Province 180
Graph 4: Predominant organisational status of the potters in the districts
as perceived by the DSDOs 182
Graph 5: Trading places of pottery in Kenya as observed by the DSDOs 198
Graph 6: Nature of those trading with pottery ware in Kenya as perceived by
the DSDOs 199
Graph 7: Informal training received by the potters interviewed in 1995 254
Graph 8: Educational level of potters (n*80) interviewed 285
Graph 9: Vocational training attended by potters (n*80) interviewed 286
Graph 10: Professional career of female potters in rural Kenya (n*34) 287
Graph 11: Professional career of male potters (n*23) rural and urban Jua Kali
sector 287
Graph 12: Professional career of formal sector employees (n*23) 288
Graph 13: Pottery Skill acquisition and craft lineage 289
Graph 14: Place of pottery skill acquisition 291
Graph 15: Trainer of Luo potters interviewed in 1995 291
Graph 16: Reason to engage in pottery production 292
Graph 17: Time allocated to pottery production/day 296
Graph 18: Monthly income from pottery by cluster 297
Graph 19: Taboos known by % of respondents (N*80) 308
Graph 20: Public perception of the potter s craft as reflected by the potters
interviewed 310
Graph 21: Felt training needs 324
Graph 22: Kenya s population distribution by province, 1989 338
Graph 23: Urban/Rural Population in Kenya 338
Graph 24: Distribution of informal sector workers by province in 1995 339
Graph 25: Informal sector employment by sector in 1995 339
Graph 26: Kenya GDP Sector Shares in 1995 340
Graph 27: Exchange rates of the KShs. Against the US the DM 348
16
Pictures
Picture 1: Adaptation and change with a foot added to it a Luo cooking pot
has been turned into a pot planter 41
Picture 2: Traditional Luo pipe 50
Picture 3: Traditional Luyia water storage pot 63
Picture 4: European design merged with tradition African pottery skills 151
Picture 6: Traditional Luo cooking pot 201
Picture 7: Altered traditional pot planter 204
Picture 8: Mediterranean style planter 205
Picture 9: Ceramic mugs manufactured by Jitegemea Pottery 206
Picture 10: A traditional Luo water pot design has been altered into a flower vase 252
Appendices
Appendix I: Kenya s provinces in brief 337
Appendix II: Kenya s population growth 338
Appendix III: Growth, composition and distribution of informal sector
employment in Kenya 339
Appendix IV: Kenya s GDP Sector Shares 1995 340
Appendix V: A critical reflection of Kenya s education system 341
Appendix VI: The history of the Kenyatta University in brief 342
Appendix VII: Enrolment figures in pottery/ceramics at the RVIST 343
Appendix VIII: A selection of Kenyan ministries and their areas of
responsibilities 344
Appendix IX: Market trends in 4 European countries (1994) 345
Appendix X: Ethnic composition and distribution of Kenya s population
in 1989 346
Appendix XI: Exchange rates of the KShs. against the US the DM 348
Appendix XII: MSEs included in the 1995 GEMINI survey report 349
Appendix XIII: Level of formal education among potters interviewed in 1995
and MSE activists approached during the 1995 GEMINI survey 350
Appendix XIV: Minimum wages in Kenya, 1996 351
Appendix XV: Net profits per worker by industrial/MSE sector, 1995 352
Appendix XVI: Net returns per worker (in KShs.) and number of enterprises:
Enterprises owned by women 353
17
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| id | DE-604.BV013022092 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:37:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3934005292 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008872362 |
| oclc_num | 44445345 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-29 DE-N2 DE-384 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-29 DE-N2 DE-384 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Univ.-Verl. Rasch |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie |
| series2 | Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie |
| spelling | Langenkamp, Angela Verfasser (DE-588)121712702 aut Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities Angela Langenkamp Osnabrück Univ.-Verl. Rasch 2000 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie 18 Zugl.: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 1999 Pottery industry Kenya Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd rswk-swf Töpferhandwerk (DE-588)4137496-4 gnd rswk-swf Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 g Töpferhandwerk (DE-588)4137496-4 s DE-604 Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 s DE-188 Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie 18 (DE-604)BV000898021 18 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008872362&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Langenkamp, Angela Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities Osnabrücker Studien zur Geographie Pottery industry Kenya Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Töpferhandwerk (DE-588)4137496-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058136-6 (DE-588)4137496-4 (DE-588)4030236-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities |
| title_auth | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities |
| title_exact_search | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities |
| title_full | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities Angela Langenkamp |
| title_fullStr | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities Angela Langenkamp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya regional and gender based disparities Angela Langenkamp |
| title_short | Structural changes of the potter's craft in Kenya |
| title_sort | structural changes of the potter s craft in kenya regional and gender based disparities |
| title_sub | regional and gender based disparities |
| topic | Pottery industry Kenya Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Töpferhandwerk (DE-588)4137496-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pottery industry Kenya Strukturwandel Töpferhandwerk Kenia Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008872362&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000898021 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT langenkampangela structuralchangesofthepotterscraftinkenyaregionalandgenderbaseddisparities |