Passive infrared detection: theory and applications
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English French |
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Boston [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
1999
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| Beschreibung: | XXXI, 620 S. |
| ISBN: | 0792385322 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Passive infrared detection |b theory and applications |c by Joseph Caniou |
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| adam_text | PASSIVE INFRARED DETECTION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS BY JOSEPH CANIOU
CENTRE D ELECTRONIQUE DE L ARMEMENT (CELAR), DGA, BRUZ, FRANCE W KLUWER
ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON CONTENTS PREFACE XVII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXI HISTORICAL BACKGROUND XXII 1 INFRARED DETECTION 1
1.1 THE CHALLENGE OF INFRARED DETECTION 1 1.1.1 LOW ENERGY PHOTONS 1
1.1.2 ATTENUATION BY THE ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION MEDIUM 3 1.1.3 HOW TO
DETECT LOW ENERGY RADIATION 4 1.1.4 IMPROVING THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
5 1.2 TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF AN INFRARED CAMERA 6 1.2.1 THE OPTICS
MODULE 7 1.2.2 THE DETECTION MODULE AND THE OPTOMECHANICAL SCANNER 8
1.2.3 THE COOLING MODULE 11 1.2.4 THE ELECTRONIC MODULE 11 1.3 COST
REDUCTION DRIVER 15 1.3.1 REMOVING THE SCANNING MODULE 15 1.3.2 REMOVING
THE COOLING MODULE 16 1.4 APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED DETECTION 18
BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 2 PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES AND TEMPERATURE 27 2.1 IDEA OF
RADIATIVE TRANSFER 27 2.1.1 THE MODES OF ENERGY EXCHANGE 27 2.1.2 AREA
OF VALIDITY FOR PHOTOMETRY 27 2.1.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF RADIATIVE
EXCHANGE 29 2.2 THE BASIC PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES 29 2.2.1 RADIANT FLUX
30 2.2.2 GEOMETRIC EXTENT FOR AN OPTICAL BEAM 30 2.2.3 RADIANCE 36 2.2.4
THE EQUATION FOR RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM 39 2.3 THE INTERMEDIATE
PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES 41 2.3.1 RADIANT EXITANCE 41 VIII CONTENTS 2.3.2
IRRADIANCE AND RADIANT EXPOSURE 44 2.3.3 RADIANT INTENSITY 4 6 2.4
ILLUMINATION OF A RECEIVER BY A LAMBERTIAN POINT SOURCE 50 2.4.1
EXPRESSION FOR THE ENERGY LEAVING THE RADIATOR 50 2.4.2 EXPRESSION FOR
THE ENERGY REACHING THE DETECTOR - BOUGUER S LAW 50 2.5 THE SPECTRAL
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION 53 2.5.1 SPECTRAL VARIABLES 5 3 2.5.2 SPECTRAL
DENSITIES 5 3 2.5.3 THE SPECTRAL AVERAGE OF A PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITY 56
2.5.4 THE CONCEPT OF MONOCHROMATIC RADIATION 56 2.6 OTHER SYSTEMS OF
UNITS 57 2.6.1 THE PHOTONIC UNITS 57 2.6.2 THE UNITS OF LIGHT 58 2.7
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 61 2.7.1 THE NOTION OF TEMPERATURE 61 2.7.2 THE
NORMAL TEMPERATURE SCALE 62 2.7.3 THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE 63
2.7.4 THE THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE SCALE 63 2.7.5 INTERNATIONAL SCALE
OF TEMPERATURE (EIT-90) 64 2.7.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SCALES
68 2.7.7 THE CONVERSION DIAGRAM 69 2.8 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 69 2.8.1
PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES 69 2.8.2 TEMPERATURE 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY 71
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 73 3.1 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE 73 3.1.1 FIELD
EQUATIONS 73 3.1.2 EQUATION OF PROPAGATION IN A VACUUM - SPEED OF
PROPAGATION 75 3.2 THE PLANE MONOCHROMATIC WAVE WITH RECTILINEAR
POLARIZATION IN A VACUUM 77 3.2.1 AMPLITUDE EQUATION 77 3.2.2 THE
CHARACTERISTIC WAVE QUANTITIES 79 3.3 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN MATTER
80 3.3.1 PERFECT DIELECTRICS - REFRACTIVE INDEX 81 3.3.2 REAL
DIELECTRICS - ABSORPTION AND DISPERSION 84 3.4 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
FOR A GENERALIZED CASE 88 3.4.1 THE SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION OF A WAVE 88
CONTENTS IX 3.4.2 WAVE TRAIN - PHASE VELOCITY AND GROUP VELOCITY 89 3.5
APPROXIMATION OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 93 3.6 THE PROPAGATION OF ENERGY 93
3.6.1 THE POYNTING VECTOR 93 3.6.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POYNTING
VECTOR AND THE ELECTRIC FIELD AMPLITUDE 95 3.6.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
WAVE INTENSITY AND RADIANT INTENSITY 96 3.7 APPLICATION OF QUANTUM
THEORY 98 3.8 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE SPECTRUM 99 3.9 NOTEWORTHY POINTS
101 BIBLIOGRAPHY 103 RADIATION SOURCES 104 4.1 THE ORIGIN OF RADIATION
104 4.2 THERMAL RADIATION EMITTED BY SOLIDS 105 4.2.1 THE CONCEPT OF AN
IDEAL RADIATOR: THE BLACKBODY 105 4.2.2 CALCULATION OF PLANCK S LAW 107
4.2.3 TWO APPROXIMATIONS FOR PLANCK S LAW 118 4.2.4 DISPLACEMENT LAW
(WIEN S LAW) 118 4.2.5 THE STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW 120 4.2.6 EMISSIVITY OF
REAL BODIES 122 4.2.7 A PRACTICAL LABORATORY BLACKBODY 126 4.3 SELECTIVE
RADIATION EMITTED BY GASES 128 4.3.1 THE PHYSICAL ORIGIN OF SPECTRAL
LINES 129 4.3.2 DESCRIPTION OF VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRA 131 4.3.3 THE
SHAPE OF A REAL SPECTRUM 134 4.3.4 CALCULATION OF LINE INTENSITY 136
4.3.5 TWO IMPORTANT GASES: CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOUR 137 4.4
RADIOSITY 142 4.4.1 THE FACTORS FOR ABSORPTION, TRANSMISSION AND
REFLECTION 143 4.4.2 THE REFLECTION CASE 145 4.4.3 KIRCHHOFFS LAW (OR
DRAPER S LAW) 150 4.4.4 CALCULATION OF THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM OF A BODY
SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL RADIATION 151 4.5 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 154 4.5.1
THERMAL RADIATION 154 4.5.2 RADIOSITY 155 BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 CONTENTS
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE 157 5.1 THE INFLUENCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE ON
THE APPEARANCE OF THE THERMAL SCENE 157 5.2 THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF
THE ATMOSPHERE 157 5.2.1 TEMPERATURE PROFILE - STRUCTURE IN LAYERS 158
5.2.2 THE PRESSURE PROFILE 160 5.3 ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS 161 5.4
REFRACTIVE INDEX OF THE ATMOSPHERE 164 5.5 OPTICAL TURBULENCE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 165 5.5.1 FLUCTUATIONS IN THE REFRACTIVE INDEX 165 5.5.2
STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF INDEX FLUCTUATIONS 166 5.5.3 CALCULATION OF
THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION - KOLMOGOROV SPECTRUM 169 5.5.4 EQUATION FOR
PROPAGATION IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM 170 5.6 THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE ON
OPTICAL BEAMS 171 5.6.1 SCINTILLATION 173 5.6.2 EFFECTS ON THE IMAGE 174
5.7 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 176 BIBLIOGRAPHY 177 EXTINCTION BY THE ATMOSPHERE
179 6.1 THE EXTINCTION OF RADIATION 179 6.2 SELECTIVE ABSORPTION BY
GASES 180 6.2.1 THE PRINCIPAL LINE MODELS 183 6.2.2 CALCULATION OF THE
BANDS 186 6.2.3 THE ATMOSPHERIC WINDOWS 189 6.3 SCATTERING BY PARTICLES
189 6.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA 189 6.3.2 RAYLEIGH APPROXIMATION
190 6.3.3 MIE APPROXIMATION - 193 6.3.4 APPROXIMATION IN GEOMETRICAL
OPTICS 194 6.3.5 COMMENTS ON MULTIPLE SCATTERING 195 6.3.6 EXPRESSION
FOR SCATTERED FLUX 196 6.3.7 SCATTERING BY ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 197 6.4
PROPAGATION OF RADIATION THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE 202 6.4.1 EXPRESSION FOR
SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE 202 6.4.2 THE AVERAGE SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE 205
6.4.3 ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION FACTOR 207 6.5 EMISSION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
207 6.6 CALCULATION METHODS FOR ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION 209 6.6.1 AN
APPROXIMATE CALCULATION METHOD 209 CONTENTS XI 6.6.2 THE NUMERICAL MODEL
LOWTRAN 214 6.6.3 THE ADAPTATION PCTRAN 220 6.6.4 OTHER PROPAGATION
MODELS AND DATABASES 221 6.6.5 POLYNOMIAL FORMULAE 226 6.7 NOTEWORTHY
POINTS 226 BIBLIOGRAPHY 228 THE FORMATION OF THE OPTICAL IMAGE 231 7.1
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 231 7.1.1 THE STUDY OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS 231 7.1.2 THE
FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS 231 7.1.3 FERMAT S PRINCIPLE AND THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS
OF OPTICS 233 7.1.4 THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 233 7.1.5
THE THEORY OF CENTRED SYSTEMS 234 7.2 FORMATION OF AN IMAGE IN A CENTRED
SYSTEM 235 7.2.1 THE POINT IMAGE AND THE CONSERVATION OF STIGMATISM 235
7.2.2 EXTENSION TO A MULTIDIMENSIONAL OBJECT 237 7.2.3 APPROXIMATE
STIGMATISM IN REAL SYSTEMS 238 7.3 GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATION 239 7.3.1
CONDITIONS FOR APPROXIMATION 239 7.3.2 THE PROPERTIES OF CENTRED SYSTEMS
240 7.3.3 PROPERTIES OF THE MOST COMMON OPTICAL COMPONENTS 244 7.4 REAL
OPTICAL SYSTEMS 249 7.4.1 CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS 250 7.4.2 GEOMETRIC
ABERRATIONS (MONOCHROMATIC) 253 7.4.3 DEGREE OF ABERRATION 261 7.4.4
INCIDENTAL ABERRATIONS 262 7.5 DIFFRACTION 262 7.5.1 DIFFRACTION BY A
PLANE SCREEN 263 7.5.2 DIFFRACTION BY A CIRCULAR APERTURE 266 7.5.3
DIFFRACTION BY A RECTANGULAR APERTURE 268 7.5.4 STUDY OF DIFFRACTION BY
FOURIER ANALYSIS 270 7.6 OBJECTIVES 271 7.6.1 TELESCOPES 272 7.6.2
DIOPTRIC OBJECTIVES 274 7.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OPTICAL SYSTEM 277
7.7.1 THE APERTURE 277 7.7.2 THE FIELD 278 XII CONTENTS 7.7.3 THE LIMIT
OF SPATIAL RESOLUTION 279 7.7.4 THE OPTICAL EXTENT OF A BEAM 280 7.7.5
THE DEPTH OF FIELD 281 7.7.6 TRANSMITTANCE - CLARITY 284 7.8 NOTEWORTHY
POINTS 285 BIBLIOGRAPHY 287 MATERIALS FOR INFRARED AND OPTICAL FILTERS
288 8.1 THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 288 8.1.1 RESISTANCE TO
ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS 288 8.1.2 MECHANICAL STABILITY VERSUS THERMAL
VARIATIONS 289 8.2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES 289 8.2.1 TRANSMISSION AND
REFLECTION 289 8.2.2 DISPERSION OF THE REFRACTIVE INDEX 296 8.3 SURFACE
COATINGS (THIN FILMS) 301 8.3.1 ANTIREFLECTION COATINGS 301 8.3.2
IMPROVEMENTS TO REFLECTANCE 304 8.4 MATERIALS FOR USE IN THE INFRARED
305 8.4.1 TRANSPARENT MATERIALS 305 8.4.2 REFLECTIVE MATERIALS 317 8.5
OPTICAL FILTERS 317 8.5.1 ABSORPTION FILTERS 318 8.5.2 THIN FILM FILTERS
318 8.6 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 322 8.6.1 OPTICAL MATERIALS 322 8.6.2 OPTICAL
FILTERS 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY 323 ANALYSIS OF AN OPTICAL IMAGE 325 9.1
GENERAL ASPECTS OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS 325 9.1.1 ANALYSIS METHODS 325 9.1.2
COMPARISON OF THE OPTICAL DEVICES 326 9.1.3 ANALYSIS REFERENCE AXES 328
9.2 OPTOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS MECHANISMS 330 9.2.1 THE ROTATING
PRISM-DOUBLET 330 9.2.2 THE PRINCIPLE OF AN OSCILLATING PLANE MIRROR 334
9.2.3 PRINCIPLE OF A ROTATING DRUM MIRROR 337 9.2.4 PRINCIPLE OF A
ROTATING REFRACTIVE PRISM 341 9.3 IMAGE ANALYSIS IN RECTANGULAR
COORDINATES 343 9.3.1 SCANNER CHARACTERISTICS 343 9.3.2 OPTOMECHANICAL
SCANNER WITH A MULTIELEMENT CONTENTS XIII DETECTOR 344 9.3.3 SINGLE
MIRROR MOUNTED ON A GIMBAL JOINT (CARDAN DRIVE) 346 9.4 NOTEWORTHY
POINTS 349 BIBLIOGRAPHY 350 10 THERMAL DETECTORS 351 10.1 GENERAL
ASPECTS OF RADIATION DETECTION 351 10.1.1 THE VARIOUS DETECTOR TYPES 351
10.1.2 DETECTOR RESPONSIVITY 351 10.1.3 THERMAL DETECTORS 352 10.2
THERMAL IMPEDANCE 353 10.2.1 THE THERMAL EXCHANGE EQUATION 353 10.2.2
STEADY STATE CONDITION - EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE 356 10.2.3 SIGNAL STEP
RESPONSE - TIME CONSTANT 357 10.2.4 HARMONIC RESPONSE - THERMAL
IMPEDANCE 358 10.3 THERMOCOUPLES AND THERMOPILES 358 10.3.1 THOMSON
EFFECT 359 10.3.2 THE PELTIER EFFECT 360 10.3.3 THE SEEBECK EFFECT 360
10.4 BOLOMETERS 361 10.4.1 OPERATING PRINCIPLE 362 10.4.2 CONDITIONS FOR
STABILITY IN A DETECTION SYSTEM 364 10.5 THERMOMECHANICAL DETECTORS
(GOLAY CELL) 366 10.6 PYROELECTRIC DETECTORS 367 10.7 DIELECTRIC
DETECTORS (DIELECTRIC BOLOMETERS) 372 10.8 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THERMAL
DETECTORS 375 10.9 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 375 BIBLIOGRAPHY 377 11 PHOTON
DETECTORS 378 11.1 TYPES OF PHOTON DETECTORS 378 11.2 BASIC ELEMENTS OF
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS 379 11.2.1 THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
382 11.2.2 CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE 383 11.2.3 INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 385
11.2.4 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 388 11.2.5 FORMATION OF A P-N JUNCTION
(DIODE) 391 11.2.6 CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC OF A JUNCTION 394
11.2.7 DETECTION OF INFRARED RADIATION 396 11.3 PHOTOCONDUCTORS 397 XIV
CONTENTS 11.3.1 RADIATION MEASUREMENT BY VOLTAGE VARIATIONS 397 11.3.2
RADIATION MEASUREMENT BY CURRENT VARIATIONS 400 11.4 PHOTODIODES 401
11.4.1 PHOTOCURRENT 401 11.4.2 USE OF A DIODE AS A GENERATOR (NON-BIASED
MODE) 403 11.4.3 USE OF A DIODE AS A RECEIVER (REVERSE BIAS MODE) 405
11.4.4 OTHER TYPES OF PHOTODIODES 406 11.4.5 COMPARISON OF
PHOTOCONDUCTORS AND PHOTODIODES 412 11.5 PHOTOCAPACITORS 413 11.5.1
METAL-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR STRACTURE (MIS) 413 11.5.2 PHOTOCAPACITIVE
DETECTION 417 11.6 MOST-USED MATERIALS FOR PHOTON DETECTION 419 11.6.1
GERMANIUM 419 11.6.2 SILICON 422 11.6.3 LEAD SULFIDE (PBS) 423 11.6.4
GALLIUM ARSENIDE 424 11.6.5 INDIUM ANTIMONIDE (INSB) 424 11.6.6
MERCURY-CADMIUM TELLURIDE (HGCDTE) 425 11.7 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 426
BIBLIOGRAPHY 427 12 MULTIELEMENT DETECTORS 429 12.1 IMAGE DETECTION 429
12.1.1 EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGIES 429 12.1.2 THE INTEREST IN DETECTOR
ARRAYS 430 12.1.3 SOME ASPECTS OF MULTIELEMENT SURFACES 431 12.2 THERMAL
DETECTORS 433 12.2.1 THE PYRICON TUBE 433 12.2.2 THERMAL DETECTOR ARRAYS
437 12.2.3 MICROBOLOMETERS 438 12.3 PHOTON DETECTORS 443 12.3.1
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARCHITECTURES 443 12.3.2 CID ARRAYS 445 12.3.3 IR-CCD
ARRAYS 448 12.3.4 IR-CMOS ARRAYS 456 12.3.5 THE SPRITE CONCEPT 470 12.4
NOTEWORTHY POINTS 473 BIBLIOGRAPHY 475 13 NOISE IN RADIATION DETECTORS
13.1 THE VARIOUS TYPES OF NOISE 478 478 CONTENTS XV 13.2 REMINDERS ON
RANDOM VARIABLES 479 13.2.1 MOMENTS OF A RANDOM VARIABLE 479 13.2.2 THE
SPECTRAL DENSITY OF THE NOISE POWER 480 13.2.3 NOISE EQUIVALENT
BANDWIDTH 482 13.2.4 PRINCIPAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION LAWS 483 13.3
NOISE IN ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS 486 13.3.1 THERMAL NOISE (OR JOHNSON
NOISE) 486 13.3.2 DIFFUSION NOISE (OR SHOT NOISE) 487 13.3.3 TRANSITION
NOISE (OR GENERATION-RECOMBINATION NOISE) 488 13.3.4 IF NOISE (OR
EXCESS NOISE) 488 13.4 PHOTON NOISE 489 13.4.1 THE CASE OF THERMAL
DETECTORS 490 13.4.2 THE CASE OF PHOTODIODES (PHOTOPILES) 492 13.4.3 THE
CASE OF PHOTOCONDUCTORS 495 13.5 DETECTIVITY 497 13.5.1 NEP (NOISE
EQUIVALENT POWER) 497 13.5.2 DEFINITION OF DETECTIVITY 499 13.5.3 THE
DETECTIVITY OF THERMAL DETECTORS 499 13.5.4 THE CASE OF PHOTODIODES
(PHOTOPILES) 500 13.5.5 THE CASE OF PHOTOCONDUCTORS 506 13.5.6
TRANSITION BETWEEN BLJP AND JOLI DETECTIVITIES 507 13.5.7 PHYSICAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RQA PRODUCT 509 13.5.8 INFLUENCING FACTORS ON
DETECTIVITY 510 13.5.9 DETECTIVITY NOTATION 516 13.5.10 MEASUREMENT OF
DETECTIVITY 516 13.6 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 518 BIBLIOGRAPHY 520 14 THE
COOLING OF DETECTORS 521 14.1 RADIATIVE TRANSFER COOLING 521 14.2
OPEN-CYCLE COOLING 522 14.2.1 COOLING BY A CRYOGENIC LIQUID 523 14.2.2
COOLING BY A HIGH PRESSURE GAS: JOULE-THOMSON EXPANSION 524 14.3
CLOSED-CYCLE COOLING 530 14.3.1 IDEA OF THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE 530 14.3.2
EXAMPLE OF A WORKING CYCLE 530 14.3.3 THE EFFICIENCY OF A REFRIGERATION
CYCLE 533 14.3.4 THE JOULE-THOMSON EXPANSION IN A CLOSED-CYCLE 534
14.3.5 THE STIRLING COOLER 535 XVI CONTENTS 14.3.6 SYSTEMS DERIVED FROM
THE STIRLING CYCLE 538 14.4 THERMOELECTRIC COOLING 541 14.5 COMPARISON
BETWEEN COOLING SYSTEMS 543 14.6 NOTEWORTHY POINTS 543 BIBLIOGRAPHY 545
15 OBSERVATION OF THE THERMAL SCENE 547 15.1 LINEAR OPERATORS 548 15.1.1
OPERATIONS IN THE SPATIAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN 548 15.1.2 OPERATIONS IN REAL
SPACE 552 15.2 SEVERAL NON-LINEAR OPERATORS 554 15.3 MORPHOLOGICAL
OPERATORS 556 15.4 SHAPE RECOGNITION 559 BIBLIOGRAPHY 562 16 TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT 563 16.1 THE RADIOMETRIC EQUATION 563 16.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF
THE MEASUREMENT SITUATION 563 16.1.2 EXPRESSION FOR THE INCIDENT
RADIATION 564 16.1.3 THE RADIOMETER RESPONSE 568 16.1.4 THE RADIOMETRIC
EQUATION 569 16.2 THE MEASUREMENT EQUATION 570 16.2.1 CALIBRATION 570
16.2.2 THE MEASUREMENT EQUATION FOR A GENERAL CASE 570 16.2.3 THE
CONDITIONS FOR APPROXIMATION OF THE MEASUREMENT EQUATION 571 16.2.4
CALCULATION OF THE RELATIVE ERROR ON THE RADIANCE 573 16.3 TEMPERATURE
CONVERSION 577 16.4 REMINDERS ON THE CONDITIONS FOR APPROXIMATION 578
BIBLIOGRAPHY 579 APPENDIX A PHYSICAL CONSTANTS USED IN THE TEXT 580
APPENDIX * ALGORITHM FOR THE CALCULATION OF THERMAL RADIANCE 582
APPENDIX * CALCULATION OF BLACKBODY RADIANCE USING THE UNIVERSAL
FUNCTION 584 APPENDIX D EXPRESSIONS FOR AIR HUMIDITY 59 6 APPENDIX E
CALCULATION OF A BEST FORM LENS 60 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 604 INDEX 607
|
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| discipline | Physik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV012976913 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:37:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0792385322 |
| language | English French |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008841135 |
| oclc_num | 41165227 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XXXI, 620 S. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Kluwer Acad. Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Caniou, Joseph Verfasser aut Passive infrared detection theory and applications by Joseph Caniou Boston [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 1999 XXXI, 620 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Infrared detectors Infrarotdetektor (DE-588)4161692-3 gnd rswk-swf Infrarotdetektor (DE-588)4161692-3 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008841135&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Caniou, Joseph Passive infrared detection theory and applications Infrared detectors Infrarotdetektor (DE-588)4161692-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4161692-3 |
| title | Passive infrared detection theory and applications |
| title_auth | Passive infrared detection theory and applications |
| title_exact_search | Passive infrared detection theory and applications |
| title_full | Passive infrared detection theory and applications by Joseph Caniou |
| title_fullStr | Passive infrared detection theory and applications by Joseph Caniou |
| title_full_unstemmed | Passive infrared detection theory and applications by Joseph Caniou |
| title_short | Passive infrared detection |
| title_sort | passive infrared detection theory and applications |
| title_sub | theory and applications |
| topic | Infrared detectors Infrarotdetektor (DE-588)4161692-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Infrared detectors Infrarotdetektor |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008841135&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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