Intrauterine growth restriction: aetiology and management
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Springer
2000
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 434 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1852331917 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 300 | |a XXII, 434 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Fetal Growth Retardation |x etiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fetal Growth Retardation |x therapy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fetal growth retardation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fetus |x Growth | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pregnancy |x Complications | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127565276774400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1. Definitions of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
John Kingdom, Philip Baker and Eve Blair 1
Introduction 1
Approaches to the Recognition and Measurement of IUGR 1
References 4
SECTION 1 AETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
2. Genes, Chromosomes and IUGR
John Wolstenholme and Chris Wright 7
Introduction 7
Chromosome Abnormalities 8
Confined Placental Mosaicism and Uniparental Disomy 10
Syndromes 23
Conclusions 23
References 24
3. Perinatal Viral Infections as a Cause of Intrauterine
Growth Restriction
Mark Kilby and Sheena Hodgett 29
Introduction 29
Properties of Viruses and their Replication 30
Cytomegalovirus 32
Rubella 39
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection 42
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 43
Conclusion 45
References 46
4. Therapeutic Drugs, Recreational Drugs and Lifestyle Factors
Frank D. Johnstone and David Howe 51
Introduction 51
Therapeutic Drugs 51
Recreational Drugs 56
x Contents
Lifestyle Factors 64
Conclusion 66
References 66
5. Studies of Fetal Growth in Animals
Clare Steyn and Mark Hanson 73
Introduction 73
Determinants of Fetal Growth 73
Experimental Measurement of Fetal Growth Rate 80
Animal Models for Studying Fetal Growth 81
Duration and Severity of Insult 85
References 86
6. The Uteroplacental Circulation: Extravillous Trophoblast
Fiona Lyall and Peter Kaufmann 85
Introduction 89
Cell Adhesion Molecules and the Extracellular Matrix 91
Adhesion Molecules in Trophoblast Invasion 97
In Vivo Studies Suggest CTB Invasion is Associated with
Switching of Integrin Repertoires 99
In Vitro Studies also Suggest that CTB Invasion is Associated
with Switching of Integrin Repertoires 101
Invading CTB Expresses Endothelial CAMs 102
CTB Invasion, CAMs and Pre eclampsia 103
Oxygen Tension, CTB Proliferation and Adhesion Molecules 104
Proteinases, Inhibitors and Activators 105
Growth Factors, their Receptors and Proto oncogenes 109
Nitric Oxide 113
Gap Junctions and Connexins 114
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin 114
Activins and Inhibins 115
The Major Histocompatibility Complex 115
Blood Group Antigens 117
Proliferative EVT 117
Routes of Trophoblast Differentiation 119
Conclusions 119
References 119
7. Villous Development and the Pathogenesis of IUGR
Gaby Kohnen and John Kingdom 131
Introduction 131
Development of Placental Villi 131
Villous Maldevelopment in IUGR 139
Summary 144
References 145
Contents xi
8. Growth Factor Regulators of Placental Angiogenesis
Caroline Dunk and Asif Ahmed 149
Introduction 149
Vasculogenesis 149
Branching Angiogenesis 150
Non branching Angiogenesis 150
Angiogenic Growth Factors and their Receptors 151
Effects of Oxygen on Placental Development 160
Conclusions 162
References 162
9. Placental Transfer and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Paul Ayuk, John Hughes and Colin Sibley 167
Introduction 167
Basic Concepts of Placental Transfer 168
Fetal Asphyxia 172
Placental Oxygen Transfer and Hypoxaemia in IUGR 172
Carbon Dioxide Transfer and Hypercapnia in IUGR 174
Placental Proton Transfer and Acidosis in IUGR 176
Placental Glucose Transfer and Hypoglycaemia in IUGR 176
Placental Amino Acid Transfer and Hypoaminoacidaemia
in IUGR 177
Drug Abuse, Placental Transfer and IUGR 181
Conclusions 181
References 182
10. Placental Pathology
Harold Fox 187
The Small for Gestational Age Infant 187
Placental Size 188
Gross Abnormalities 188
Histological Abnormalities 189
Maternal Perfusion 190
Fetal Perfusion 192
Cytogenetic Abnormalities 193
Conclusions 193
References 195
SECTION 2 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
11. Ultrasound Assessment
Torvid Kiserud and Karel Marsdl 205
Introduction 205
The Normal Length of Pregnancy 206
xii Contents
Assessment of Gestational Age: LMP, Ultrasound, or Conception? . 206
Commonly Used Ultrasound Measurements 208
Precision of Ultrasound Measurements 211
Appropriate Reference Ranges 212
Assessment of Fetal Size 216
Assessment of Fetal Growth 218
Predicting the Small Infant by Biometry 219
Predicting Adverse Outcome by Biometry 221
Screening for Malformations 223
Placental Morphology 223
Amniotic Fluid 223
Doppler Ultrasound Velocimetry of the Fetal Circulation 225
Screening by Uterine Artery Velocimetry 230
Conclusions 231
References 232
12. Biochemical Markers of Fetoplacental Growth Restriction
Gurmit Singh Pahal, Ganesh Acharya and Eric Jauniaux 239
Introduction 239
Alpha Fetoprotein 239
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin 243
AFP, hCG and Other Risk Factors 247
Other Biochemical Markers of Fetoplacental Growth Restriction .. 250
Conclusions 252
Acknowledgements 253
References 253
13. Diagnosis and Management of IUGR
John Kingdom and Graeme Smith 257
Introduction 257
Differential Diagnosis of SGA 257
Is the Fetus Potentially Viable? 260
Viable Early Onset Placental IUGR 262
Late Gestation Placental IUGR ( 35 weeks) 265
When is an Attempt at Vaginal Birth Futile? 268
What to Do at Delivery 269
Postnatal Role of the Obstetrician 269
References 270
14. Management of Late Gestation IUGR: Induction or
Caesarean Section?
Stephen C. Robson and Duncan W. Irons 275
Introduction 275
Outcome of Labour in the SGA Fetus 275
Antepartum Tests and Outcome of Labour 277
Contents xiii
Induction of Labour 284
Caesarean Section 286
Conclusions 288
References 288
15. Coexistent Maternal Disease and Intrauterine Growth
Restriction
Janet R. Ashworth and Philip N. Baker 293
Introduction 293
The Association of Pre eclampsia with Intrauterine Growth
Restriction 294
The Association Between Maternal Thrombophilias and
Intrauterine Growth Restriction 297
Conclusions 301
References 302
16. Prevention and Treatment of IUGR
James J. Walker, Graeme Smith and GustaafA. Dekker 307
Introduction 307
Antenatal Care 308
Antenatal Treatment 312
Conclusions 318
References 318
17. Management of Antepartum Fetal Death
Jeremy Chipchase and Donald M. Peebles 323
Introduction 323
Obstetric Management 324
Investigations 328
After Delivery and Follow up 332
References 332
18. Paediatric Implications Neonatal Complications
Neil Marlow 337
Introduction 337
Immediate Condition at Birth and Resuscitation 338
Mortality 339
Specific Neonatal Conditions 340
The SGA Term Infant Without Risk Factors 342
Metabolic Adaptation 342
Necrotising Enterocolitis 343
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 344
Neurological Effects of Fetal Growth Restriction 344
Other Problems Encountered in Preterm Infants 345
xiv Contents
Growth over the First Year 346
Conclusions 346
References 347
19. Paediatric Implications of IUGR with Special Reference
to Cerebral Palsy
Eve Blair 351
Criteria for the Inference of IUGR 351
Potential Confounders in Studies of the Association Between
Paediatric Outcomes and Measures of Growth 351
Studies Investigating Associations Between Paediatric Outcomes
and IUGR 354
Conclusions 363
References 364
20. Long Term Implications for Adult Health
Rebecca M. Reynolds and Keith M. Godfrey 367
Introduction 367
The Concept of Programming During Early Development 367
Fetal Growth and Adult Cardiovascular Disease 368
Metabolic and Endocrine Disease 370
Mechanisms Linking Fetal Programming with Adult Disease 373
Effects at Different Stages of Development 375
Influences Underlying Fetal Programming 376
The Future 380
References 381
SECTION 3 FUTURE ADVANCES
21. Molecular Regulation of Placental Development
James C. Cross 387
Introduction 387
Stages of Placental Development in Mice and Men 387
Potential Origins of IUGR During Placental Development 390
Molecular Control of Placental Development 391
Finding the Molecular Targets in the IUGR Placenta 395
Conclusions 397
References 397
22. Towards Evidence based Management
James G. Thornton and Janet Hornbuckle 401
Introduction 401
The Evidence 402
Effective Treatment 407
Contents xv
Clinical Trials 407
Trials of Therapy for Fetal Growth Restriction 412
The GRIT Study 412
Applying the Evidence to Individual Patients 414
Appendix: Useful Addresses for Reviewers 414
References 415
23. The Internet and Medicine
Mark Walker, Graeme Smith and Rory Windrim 417
Medical Informatics and the Modern Physician 417
The Internet 417
History of the Internet 417
Anatomy of the Internet 418
Websites 419
References 423
Index 425
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| spelling | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management John Kingdom ... (eds.) London [u.a.] Springer 2000 XXII, 434 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Fetal Growth Retardation etiology Fetal Growth Retardation therapy Fetal growth retardation Fetus Growth Pregnancy Complications Pränatale Dystrophie (DE-588)4210224-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Pränatale Dystrophie (DE-588)4210224-8 s DE-604 Kingdom, John 1959- Sonstige (DE-588)121167186 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008766852&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management |
| title_auth | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management |
| title_exact_search | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management |
| title_full | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management John Kingdom ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management John Kingdom ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management John Kingdom ... (eds.) |
| title_short | Intrauterine growth restriction |
| title_sort | intrauterine growth restriction aetiology and management |
| title_sub | aetiology and management |
| topic | Fetal Growth Retardation etiology Fetal Growth Retardation therapy Fetal growth retardation Fetus Growth Pregnancy Complications Pränatale Dystrophie (DE-588)4210224-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fetal Growth Retardation etiology Fetal Growth Retardation therapy Fetal growth retardation Fetus Growth Pregnancy Complications Pränatale Dystrophie Konferenzschrift |
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