Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | German |
| Published: |
Essen
RWI
1999
|
| Series: | Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung
H. 31 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 442 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3928739468 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China |c by Philip Andrews-Speed ... RWI Essen |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung |v H. 31 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Energy industries |z China | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Energy policy |z China | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Introduction
1. Contextofthe Project 27
2. Achievements in the Energy Sector Reform to Date 28
3. Key Issues for the Project 29
4. Objectives, Structure and Methodology of the Project 30
5. Structure of the Report 31
Chapter 1
China s Need for a Coherent Energy Policy 32
1. Fundamentals of Energy Policy 32
1.1. Background 32
1.2. Objectives of Energy Policy 35
1.3. Instruments of Energy Policy 38
2. China s Energy Policy in the 1990s 39
2.1. Sources of Energy Policy 39
2.2. Summary ofRecent Energy Policy 39
2.3. Main Elements of Energy Policy 41
2.4. Policy Priorities and Initiatives for Specific Industries 43
2.5. Preliminary Evaluation of China s Currcnt Encrg Policy .... 44
Chapter 2
The Energy Sector at a Glance 46
1. China s Energy Reserves and Balance 46
1.1. Primary Energy Supply 46
1.1.1. CrudeOil . 48
1.1.2. NaturalGas 49
1.1.3. Coal 50
1.1.4. Nuclear Energy 53
1.1.5. Non combustible Renewable Energy Sources 54
1.2. Transformation 58
1.2.1. Electricity Plants and CHP 58
1.2.2. District Heating 62
1.2.3. Petroleum Refineries, Patent Fuel Plants and Gas Works .... 64
1.2.4. Coal Transformation 65
1.3. Transmission and Transport of Energy 66
1.3.1. Oil and Gas Pipelines 66
1.3.2. Electricity Transmission 68
1.3.3. Railway Transportation 71
1.4. Final Energy Consumption 71
1.4.1. Oil and Oil Products 73
1.4.2. Gas 75
1.4.3. Coal 75
1.4.4. Electricity 78
1.4.5. Heat 83
1.4.6. Biomass 83
1.4.7. Non energetic Use and Losses 84
1.5. Ecological Challenges 85
1.5.1. Regional/Local Emissions 85
1.5.2. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions 89
2. Chinese and IEA/EUROSTAT Energy Balance Methodology . 90
2.1. Documentation ofChina s Energy Balance 90
2.2. Diffcrences between Former Chinese and IEA/EUROSTAT
Methodology 91
3. Issues and Constraints 93
Chapter 3
The Challenge of Being a Major Energy Importer 95
1. Introduction 95
2. Crudr Oil and Oil Products Imports 96
2.1. druck Oil 96
2.2. Impact of Asian Financial Crisis 97
2.3. HistoricalTrend ofCrude Imports 97
2.4. Petroleum Products 98
2.5. Oil Product Smuggling: a Rcsult of Wrong Pricing 100
2.6. Import of Eiiergy intensive Goods 100
3. Energy Import Requirements 100
3.1. Increasing Reliance on Crude Oil Imports 101
3.2. Petroleum Products 101
3.3. Natural Gas by Transnational Pipelines or as LNG 102
4. Sources of Energy Imports 104
4.1. Shilling Crude Oil Imports 104
4.2. China s New Sources of Oil and Gas SupplyAbroad 105
4.2.1. Chinese Investments in Overscas Oilfields 105
4.2.2. Motives for Overseas Investments in Oil Production 106
4.2.3. Other Motives 108
4.2.4. Competing Oil and Gas Sources to Supply China 109
5. Liberalising Foreign Trade: China s Energy Import Regime . . . 110
5.1. Energy Security Concerns 110
5.2. Liberalising Energy Trade 112
5.2.1. Why Should China Liberalise Energy Trade? 112
5.2.2. Significant Barriers to Imports 113
5.2.3. Import Tariffs 114
5.3. Crude Oil and Oil Products Import Mechanism 115
5.3.1. Trade Instruments 115
5.3.2. The Players 115
5.3.3. The Procedures 116
6. Issues and Constraints 117
Chapter 4
Estimated Economic Growth and Energy Requirements 119
1. Determinants ior Development: Population and Economic Growth . 119
1.1. Population 119
1.2. Economic Growth 121
2. Outlook on Energy Requirements 123
2.1. Primary Energy 125
2.2. Final Energy Dcmand 128
2.3. Energy Intcnsity of ihe Economy and Per capita Eiicrgy Supply . 131
2.3.1. Energy Intensity of the Economv 131
2.3.2. Per capita Primary Enen . ( onsumplion 133
2.4. Estimated Oil Dcmand per GDP and per Capila 131
2.5. Eli ctricity Dcmand per GDP and per ( apila 135
3. Elasticity of Growth in Encnry Consumptioii Relative to (irowtli
ofGDP . 137
4. Projection of Future Encrgy Requirements 137
5. Outlook on Foreign Trade 139
6. China and the Environment 141
Chapter 5
The Need to Redefine the Role of Government 144
1. Introduction to the Structure, Regulation and Taxation of State 145
Enterprises 2. Energy Policy Formulation and Implementation 146
2.1. The Main Players 146
2.2. The Network of Authority 148
2.3. Formulation and Implementation of Energy Policy 148
3. Coal Sector 150
3.1. Industry Policy 150
3.2. Industry Structure and Performance .151
3.3. Industry Regulation 153
3.4. Industry Investment Framework 155
4. Electricity Sector 156
4.1. Industry Policy 156
4.2. Industry Structure and Performance 157
4.3. Industry Regulation 159
4.4. Industry Investment Framework 161
5. Petroleum Exploration and Development 162
5.1. Industry Policy 162
5.2. Industry Structure and Performance 163
5.3. Industry Regulation 165
5.4. Industry Investment Framework 166
6. Oil Refining and Distribution 167
6.1. Industry Policy . 167
6.2. Industry Structure and Performance 168
6.3. Industry Regulation 170
6.4. Investment Framework for the Downstream Sector 170
7. Renewable Energy and Rural Energy 171
7.1. Sectoral Policy 171
7.2. Sectoral Structure and Performance 172
7.3. Sector Regulation 174
7.4. Sector Investment Framework 174
8. Issues and Constraints 175
Chapter 6
Attracting Foreign Investment: Why and How? 178
1. Policy, Regulation and Taxation of Foreign Investment 179
1.1. Policy . 179
1.2. Regulation 181
1.3. Taxation 182
2. Coal Sector 183
2.1. Requirement and Policy 183
2.2. Legal Framework 184
2.3. Administration 185
2.4. Evaluation 186
3. Electricity 187
3.1. Requirement and Policy 187
3.2. Legal Framework 188
3.3. Administration 190
3.4. Evaluation 191
4. Petroleum Exploration and Development 192
4.1. Policy and Requirement 192
4.2. Legal Framework 193
4.3. Administration and Regulation 196
4.4. Evaluation 197
5. Foreign Investment in Oil Refining and Distribution 198
5.1. Investment Policy and Requirement 198
5.2. Legal Framework 199
5.3. Administration 200
5.4. Evaluation 201
6. Renewable Energy and Rural Energy 202
6.1. Requirement and Policy 202
6.2. Legal Framework 203
6.3. Administration 204
6.4. Evaluation 204
7. Issues and Constraints 205
Chapter 7
Developing Local Energy Policy in Beijing and Shanghai 207
1. Energy Policy in Beijing 207
1.1. Energy Supply and Consumption in Beijing 207
1.2. Options for Restructuring Beijing s Energy Mix 208
1.3. Issues to be Addressed 211
2. Energy Policy in Shanghai 211
2.1. Energy Supply and Consumption in Shanghai 211
2.2. Institutional and Regulatory Framework 213
2.3. Policies for Shanghai s Integration with the Domestic and Inter¬
national Energy Markets 214
3. Issues and Constraints 218
Chapter 8
Developing the Domestic Market as a Prerequisite
for Integration with International Markets 219
1. Framework of the Chinese Internal Energy Markets and the In 220
teraction with International Energy Markets 1.1. Framework of the Internal Energy Markets 220
1.1.1. Demographic Development 220
1.1.2. Economic Development 220
1.2. Development of International Energy Markets 224
1.2.1. Oil and Gas 224
1.2.2. Coal 232
1.2.3. Electricity 234
2. Assessment of the Internal Energy Markets 236
2.1. Crude Oil . 236
2.1.1. Current Situation 236
2.1.2. Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 240
2.2. Oil Products 241
2.2.1. Current Situation 241
2.2.2. Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 243
2.3. Gas 243
2.3.1. Current Situation 243
2.3.2. Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 245
2.4. Coal 245
2.4.1. Current Situation 245
2.4.2. Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 250
2.5. Electricity 255
2.5.1 Current Situation 255
2.5.2. Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 265
2.6. District Heating 270
2.6.1. Current Situation 270
2.6.2 Weaknesses, Market Deficiencies and Barriers 272
2.7. Rural Energy: Bomass 273
2.7.1. Current Situation 273
2.7.2. Weaknesses and Barriers 274
3. Interaction Between the Chinese and International Energy Mar¬
kets Trade of Energy 275
3.1. Crude Oil and Oil Products 276
3.2. Gas 276
3.3. Coal 277
12
3.4. Electricity 280
4. Interaction Between the Chinese Energy Sector and International
Capital Flows 281
4.1. Investments in the Energy Sector 281
4.1.1. Foreign Direct Investment in China 281
4.1.2. Overseas Direct Investments of Chinese Enterprises 285
4.2. International Co operation in the Energy Sector through Interna¬
tional Programmes and Financial Facilities for Energy Co opera¬
tion and Technology Transfer 286
4.2.1. Financial and Technical Assistance through International Finan¬
cial Institutions 287
4.2.2. European Union Energy Programmes and Financial Facilities . . 290
5. Issues and Constraints 292
Chapter 9
Alternative Approaches to Define Energy Policy:
China s Difficult Choice 299
1. The Business as Usual Energy Policy Approach 300
1.1. Guiding Ideas . . . 300
1.2. Key Features 300
1.3. Threats and Opportunities 301
1.4. Assessment 303
2. The Market driven Energy Policy Approach 307
2.1. Guiding Ideas 307
2.2. Key Features 308
2.3. Threats and Opportunities 311
2.4. Overall Assessment 312
3. The Environment Driven Energy Policy Approach 314
3.1. Guiding Ideas . ... 314
3.2. Key Features 315
3.3. Opportunities and Threats 3 Hi
3.4 Overall Assessment 317
4. Issues and Constraints 319
Chapter 10
Recommendations 322
1. The Way Forward for China s Energy Policy 322
1.1. Framework for China s Energy Policy 322
13
1.2. Main Policy Issues Arising from this Study 323
1.3. Developing an Energy Policy for the Future 325
2. Recommendations for Future EU China Energy Co operation . 328
Chapter 11
Summary 331
1. China s Need for a Coherent Energy Policy 333
2. The Energy Sector at a Glance 334
3. The Challenge of Being a Major Energy Importer 335
4. The Future Energy Requirement 335
5. The Need to Redefine the Role of Government 336
6. Attracting Foreign Investment: Why and How? 338
7. Case Studies: Beijing and Shanghai 339
8. Developing the Domestic Market as a Prerequisite for Integration
with the International Market 340
9. Developing an Energy Policy for the Future 341
10. Potential Topics for EU China Energy Co operation 345
Annex I
Tables 347
Annex II
Laws and Regulations 396
1. China s Legal Framework 396
2. Company Law 397
3. Taxation 398
4. Contract Law 399
5. Arbitration Law 401
6. Arbitration Rules of CIETAC 403
7. Mineral Resources Law 405
14
8. Rules on Implementation of the Mineral Resources Law .... 406
9. Regulations on Transfer of Exploration and Mining Rights . . . 408
10. Regulations on Registration over Mineral Resources Exploration 409
11. Regulations on Registration over Mineral Resources Exploitation 411
12. Coal Law 412
13. Electricity Law 413
14. Summary of Programme for New and Renewable Energy Deve¬
lopment 415
15. Energy Conservation Law 416
16. Energy Conservation Technology Policy Outline 417
17. Price Law 418
18. Priorities for Foreign Investment 420
19. Main Laws and Regulations Governing Foreign Investment . . . 423
20. Main Laws and Regulations Governing Foreign Trade 424
21. Main Laws and Regulations Governing Foreign Exchange . . . 425
22. Taxation of Foreign Joint Ventures and Foreign Investment Enter¬
prises 425
23. Financing Power Projects in China 427
24. Regulations on the Exploitation of Offshore Petroleum Resources
in Co operation with Foreign Enterprises 429
25. Regulations on the Exploitation of Land Petroleum Resources in
Co operation with Foreign Enterprises 431
Bibliography 432
15
Tables
Table 1: Primary Energy Supply 47
Table 2: Main Indicators of Coal Industry 51
Table 3: Coal Production in Large Coal Mines 53
Table 4: Overview of Nuclear Power Capacity in China, Working and
Under Construction 54
Table 5: Installed Wind Energy Capacity in China 56
Table 6: Installed Geothermal Energy Capacity in China 57
Table 7: General Development of Capacity and Electricity Generation
in China 59
Table 8: Fuel Mix in Electrical Power Generation 60
Table 9: Heat and Steam Supply in the Beijing Primary District
Heating System 64
Table 10: Output of Main Petroleum Products 65
Table 1 1: Development of Coal Washing 66
Table 12: Crude Oil and Oil Product Pipelines 67
Table 13: Gas Pipelines 67
Table 14: Power Networks with a Capacity over 1GW 70
Table 15: Transmission Lines in China 71
Table 16: Structure of Final Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Con¬
sumption 74
Table 17: Final Natural Gas Consumption 76
Table 18: Development of Residential Gas Consumption 76
Table 19: Coal Consumption 77
16
Table 20: Number of Productive Fixed Assets 79
Table 21: Energy Consumption for Major Industrial Products .... 81
Table 22: Residential Energy Consumption per Capita 82
Table 23: Structure of Rural Energy Consumption 84
Table 24: Distribution Losses 84
Table 25: Externality Costs of Sulphur Dioxide Emissions 88
Table 26: CO2 Emissions in China 90
Table 27: China s Crude Oil Imports and Exports 96
Table 28: Oil and Oil Products Imports and Exports 98
Table 29: Gross Domestic Product Forecasts 123
Table 30: Production of Energy Intensive Goods 124
Table 31: Future Primary Energy Demand 126
Table 32: Future Solids Share in Primary Energy Demand 127
Table 33: Future Oil Share in Primary Energy Demand by Forecasts . 127
Table 34: Future Demand of Oil by Forecasts 128
Table 35: 2015 Target of Worldwide Average Primary Energy Mix,
Applied to China 128
Table 36: Future Final Energy Demand and Growth Rates by Fore¬
casts 130
Table 37: Future Final Energy Demand by Economic Sectors . . . . 131
Table 38: Forecasts of Future Energy Intensity of the Economy .... 132
Table 39: Forecasts of Future Per capita Primary Energy Consumption 133
Table 40: Future Oil Demand per GDP 1 34
Table 41: Future Oil Demand per Capita 135
Table 42: Future Electricity Demand per GDP 1 36
Fable 43: Future Electricity Demand per Capita 136
Fable 44: Energy Outlook for 2000 138
Table 45: Energy Outlook for 2010 138
Table 46: Energy Outlook for 2020 1 39
Table 47: Foreign Trade with Energy Sources 140
17
Table 48: Exports of Energy Sources 141
Table 49: Imports of Energy Sources 141
Table 50: Future Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Medium Estimate ... 143
Table 51: Summary of Output, Capacity, Technical and Financial Per¬
formance of the Coal Industry 153
Table 52: Summary of Output, Capacity, Technical and Financial Per¬
formance of the Electric Power Industry 159
Table 53: Summary of Output and Financial Performance of China s
Upstream Petroleum Industry 164
Table 54: Summary of Output and Financial Performance of China s
Downstream Petroleum Industry 169
Table 55: Growh Rate of Oil Product Consumption in Shanghai . . . 213
Table 56: Primary Energy Demand Forecast in Shanghai 216
Table 57: Development of Sectoral Distribution of Gross Domestic
Product in China 221
Table 58: Development of Sectoral Distribution of Gross Domestic
Product in China (share) 222
Table 59: New Power Plant Capacity Requirement Outside North
America 235
Table 60: Raw Coal Output by Type of Mine 246
Table 61: Coal Production Costs for Raw Coal by Regions 247
Table 62: Coal Transportation 252
Table 63: Railway Freight Tariffs 254
Table 64: Capacity Requirements and Possibilities of Capacity Cover¬
age for Power Generation in China 257
Table 65: Capital Investment Costs for the Main Electric Power
Options 261
Table 66: Energy Prices of Firewood and its Fuel Substitutes in Rural
and Urban Areas 274
Table 67: Foreign Trade Balance of Electricity 281
Table 68: Overseas Direct Investment of Chinese Enterprises .... 286
Table 69: World Bank Group Lending to China 288
Table 70: Asian Development Bank Lending to China 290
18
Table 71: Structure of Primary Energy Production in China 348
Table 72: Estimations of Domestic Oil Resources 349
Table 73: Domestic Gas Resources 349
Table 74: Domestic Coal Reserves 350
Table 75: Regional Distribution of Coal Production in China .... 351
Table 76: Regional Distribution of Exploitable Hydropower Resources
and Actual Hydropower Generation in China 352
Table 77: Wind Energy Utilization in China 353
Table 78: Planned and Installed Tidal Energy Capacity in China . . . 354
Table 79: Fossil Fuel Consumption for Power Generation in China . . 354
Table 80: Regional Fuel Mix of Power Generation in China 355
Table 81: Regional Distribution of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Produc¬
tion in China 356
Table 82: Basic Statistics on Heating Supply in Cities by Region . . . 357
Table 83: Boiler Houses for District Heating Purposes in Beijing, Pri¬
mary System 358
Table 84: Refining Capacity, Throughput and Utilization Profile . . . 358
Table 85: Locomotives by Fuel 358
Table 86: Final Energy Consumption of Crude Oil and Main Petro¬
leum Products 359
Table 87: China Electricity Balance 360
Table 88: Possession of Family Electrical Appliances 360
Table 89: Electricity Consumption in Industry 361
Table 90: Development of the Commercial Sector 361
Table 91: District Heating in Cities by Region 362
Table 92: China Energy Balance, 1995 363
Table 93: China Energy Balance, 1996 365
Table 94: Local and Regional Emissions by Industry 367
Table 95: Crude Oil Imports by Source and Exports by Destination . . 370
Table 96: Imports and Exports of Major Energy Products 371
19
Table 97: Coal, Crude Oil and Oil Products Imports by Regions ... 372
Table 98: Imports and Exports of Energy intensive Products 373
Table 99: Population Forecast 374
Table 100: Gross Domestic Product Forecast 375
Table 101: Total Primary Energy Supply Forecasting, by Different 375
Cases Table 102: Primary Energy Supply Forecasting 376
Table 103: Final Energy Consumption Forecast, Broken Down to Ener¬
gy Sources 378
Table 104: Final Energy Consumption Forecasting, Broken Down to
Sectors . . 380
Table 105: Electricity Final Energy Consumption Forecasting 381
Table 106: Per capita Electricity Final Energy Consumption Forecasting 381
Table 107: Total and Per capita Residental Electricity Consumption
Forecast 381
Table 108: Key Economic Indicators Forecast 382
Table 109: Growth and Composition of Beijing s Energy Consumption . 384
Table 110: Energy Consumption of Various Sectors in Beijing 384
Table 111: Growth of Coal Used in Beijing 384
Table 112: Beijing s Energy Imports and Exports from Outside .... 385
Table 113: Beijing s Total Energy Used 385
Table 114: Beijing s Ambient Air Pollution in Recent Years 385
Table 115: Ambient Air Pollution in Heating and Non heating Season . 386
Table 1 16: Various Energy Consumption in the City Planning Area . . 386
Table 1 17: Forecast of Energy Service Demand for Heating in the City
Planning Area 387
Table 1 18: Development of Population in China 387
Table 1 19: Sectoral Distribution of Gross Domestic Product in China . 388
Table 120: Gross Domestic Product per Capita in China 389
Table 121: Regional Distribution of the Domestic Supply of Fuel Inputs
for Power Generation 390
20
Table 122: Bargaining Price of Bituminous Coal in Main Cities .... 391
Table 123: Projection of Raw Coal, Washed Coal and Natural Gas
Prices in China 392
Table 124: Coal Production per Real GDP and per Capita 393
Table 125: Coal Exports 394
Table 126: Regional Structure of Chinese Coal Exports 394
Table 127: Electricity Imports and Exports 395
Maps
Map 1: Regional Distribution of S()2 Eniissions Business As Usual
Case 86
21
Figures
Figure 1: Fuel Consumption by Public Heat Plants 63
Figure 2: Final Consumption 72
Figure 3: Global Energy related CO2 Emissions by Major World
Regions 89
Figure 4: China s Oil Products Imports and Exports 99
Figure 5: Official Estimates of China s Petroleum Imports 102
Figure 6: China s Top 5 Crude Oil Sources 106
Figure 7: World Oil Consumption by Region 226
Figure 8: World Gas Consumption by Region 227
Figure 9: World Oil Production by Region 228
Figure 10: World Gas Production by Region 229
Figure 11: World Oil Trade by Region 230
Figure 12: Relative Transport Costs 231
Figure 13: Oil Price Bands of Belief 231
Figure 14: Comparative Gas Prices 232
Figure 15: Ex factory Price Indices of Several Industrial Products by
Sector 269
Figure 16: Coal Imports and Exports 279
Figure 17: Variation of the Unit Cost of Energy Supply with Economic
Growth for the Three Energy Policy Approaches 306
22
Schedules
Schedule 1: A Framework to Consider Energy Policy 33
Schedule 2: A Summary of the Main Components of Current and Recent
Energy Policy in China, Based on Published Documents ... 40
Schedule 3: China s Search for Oil 107
Schedule 4: Flow of Activities Leading to the Development of Energy Policy 149
Schedule 5: Summary of the Apparent Allocation of the Roles of Govern¬
ment within the Upstream Petroleum Industry before and af¬
ter the Reforms of 1998 166
Schedule 6: Summary of the Apparent Allocation of the Roles of Govern¬
ment within the Downstream Petroleum Industry before and
after the Reforms of 1998 170
Schedule 7: List of Main Investment Types in the Energy Sector Listed as
Encouraged in the 1997 Catalogue 180
Schedule 8: List of Main Investment Types in the Energy Sector Listed as
Restricted in the 1997 Catalogue 181
Schedule 9: A Brief Summary of Upstream Legal and Fiscal Terms in China . 195
Schedule 10: Costs of the Main Electric Power Options 262
Schedule 11: Calculation of the Effective Electricity Selling Price in China 264
Schedule 12: Regional Power Supply Situation 266
Schedule 13: Priorities for EU Asia Co operation in the Energy Sector . . 291
Schedule 14: System of China s Energy Policy Goals 333
Schedule 15: Regional Distribution of the Potential for Solar Energy in China . 353
Schedule 16: Taxation of Chinese Enterprises and Individuals 398
Schedule 17: Taxation of Foreign Joint Ventures and Foreign Investment
Enterprises 425
23
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| geographic | China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China |
| id | DE-604.BV012847444 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:34:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3928739468 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008742964 |
| oclc_num | 611478371 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 |
| physical | 442 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | RWI |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung |
| series2 | Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung |
| spelling | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China by Philip Andrews-Speed ... RWI Essen Essen RWI 1999 442 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung H. 31 Recht Energy consumption China Energy industries China Energy policy China Power resources Law and legislation China Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 s DE-604 Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 s Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Andrews-Speed, Philip Sonstige oth Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung H. 31 (DE-604)BV035418236 31 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008742964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China Untersuchungen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Recht Energy consumption China Energy industries China Energy policy China Power resources Law and legislation China Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014743-5 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4014715-0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |
| title | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China |
| title_auth | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China |
| title_exact_search | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China |
| title_full | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China by Philip Andrews-Speed ... RWI Essen |
| title_fullStr | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China by Philip Andrews-Speed ... RWI Essen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China by Philip Andrews-Speed ... RWI Essen |
| title_short | Energy policy and structure in the People's Republic of China |
| title_sort | energy policy and structure in the people s republic of china |
| topic | Recht Energy consumption China Energy industries China Energy policy China Power resources Law and legislation China Energiewirtschaft (DE-588)4014743-5 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Recht Energy consumption China Energy industries China Energy policy China Power resources Law and legislation China Energiewirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Energiepolitik China |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008742964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035418236 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewsspeedphilip energypolicyandstructureinthepeoplesrepublicofchina |