Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Series: | The orthopedic clinics of North America
30,4 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI S., S. 543 - 709 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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MARC
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| adam_text | ! BONE GRAFTING AND BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Scott D. Boden and Sharon Stevenson
Autograft/Allograft
Biology of Bone Grafts 543
Sharon Stevenson
The terminology of bone transplantation is complicated by the various his
tologic types of bone grafts. A graft moved from one site to another within
the same individual is an autograft; the corresponding adjective is autolo
gous or autogenous. An allograft (adjective, allogeneic) is tissue transferred
between two genetically different individuals of the same species. A xeno
graft (adjective, xenogeneic) is tissue from one species implanted into a
member of a different species.
Biomechanical Issues in Bone Transplantation 553
Dwight T. Davy
Because the biomechanical competence of the graft is a central issue, many
research studies of bone grafts include a biomechanical component. The
biomechanical evaluation serves as a bottom line measure of the experi¬
mental outcome in which some measure of mechanical performance is com¬
pared among treatment groups. This article considers the biomechanics of
grafts in the context of this experimental work and focuses on three issues:
(1) the interplay between biology and biomechanics of grafts, (2) the effects
of treatment choices on biomechanical properties, and (3) model factors that
may influence biomechanical performance.
Bone Banking: Update on Methods and Materials 565
William W. Tomford and Henry J. Mankin
Bone allografts are being used in increasing numbers by orthopedic sur¬
geons, yet many surgeons are unfamiliar with their preparation and pro¬
cessing, as well as their use as safe and effective transplants. This article
reviews current sources of bone allografts, new methods of processing to
achieve optimal results, the biology of incorporation of allografts, and new
bone substitutes.
THE ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 30 • NUMBER 4 • OCTOBER 1999 Vli
Allograft Bone: The Influence of Processing on Safety
and Performance 571
Todd Boyce, Jean Edwards, and Nelson Scarborough
Advances in tissue processing technology have been important for the suc¬
cessful use of bone allografts. The challenge is to prepare allografts that are
well cleaned, sterile, and free of viruses while still preserving the natural
biologic and biomechanical properties of the tissue. This article discusses
how processing techniques aimed at achieving safety and sterility can affect
the properties vital for graft incorporation and healing.
Long Term Follow Up of Patients with Osteochondral Allografts:
A Correlation Between Immunologic Responses
and Clinical Outcome 583
Gary E. Friedlaender, D. Michael Strong, William W. Tomford,
and Henry J. Mankin
This article confirms immunologic responses in humans to histocompatibil
ity antigens (Class I and II) presented by frozen osteochondral allografts.
These observations include a correlation of immune responses with long
term clinical outcome. As found in animal models, matching of histocom
patibility antigens, particularly to Class II, improves clinical and, presumably,
biologic success following implantation of massive frozen bone allografts in
humans. The presence of sensitization clearly does not preclude a satisfac¬
tory outcome, nor have other reconstructive alternatives (e.g., metallic im¬
plants) been shown to be superior in their long term results.
Bone Graft Substitutes: Basic Science
Osteoconductive Materials and Their Role as Substitutes
for Autogenous Bone Grafts 591
Charles N. Cornell
The term osteoconduction applies to a three dimensional process that is
observed when porous structures are implanted into or adjacent to bone.
Capillaries, perivascular tissues, and osteoprogenitor cells migrate into po¬
rous spaces and incorporate the porous structure with newly formed bone.
The observed process is characterized by an initial ingrowth of fibrovascular
tissue that invades the porous structure followed by the later development
of new bone applied directly within it. This article reviews observations of
commonly used osteoconductive matrices to increase understanding of this
process.
Coralline Bone Graft Substitutes 599
Edwin Clayton Shors
Coralline porous ceramics are biocompatible and osteoconductive implants.
They have proven to be effective as bone graft substitutes in large animal
models and in humans. Bone and supporting soft tissue grow into and
throughout their porosity if the implant is placed in direct apposition to
viable bone and the interfaces are stabilized. The bone within the implant
remodels in response to Wolff s law. Both the implant properties (chemistry
and porosity) and the biologic environment modulate the rate of implant
resorption. Composite technology with resorbable polymers can improve
the mechanical properties of these ceramics.
viii CONTENTS
Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Phosphate Based Bone Substitutes:
Mimicry of the Mineral Phase of Bone 615
Bobby K.B. Tay, Vikas V. Patel, and David S. Bradford
Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate have provided the orthopedic sur¬
geon a viable alternative to autogenous bone grafting as either an osteocon
ductive bone void filler or a bone graft extender. These materials mimic the
mineral phase of bone and are resorbed at a rate similar to the rate of bone
formation. Thus, they are able to provide some structural support and pre¬
vent ingrowth of fibrous tissue while facilitating creeping substitution by
the host bone.
Gene Therapy for Osteoinduction 625
Anthony A. Scaduto and Jay R. Lieberman
One application of gene therapy that holds great promise is the stimulation
of bone formation. Gene therapy offers several potential advantages over
other methods of osteoinduction and current research suggests that it may
be a feasible treatment option for the orthopedic surgeon in the near future.
This article reviews the basic concepts and strategies of gene therapy and
evaluates the current research using gene therapy to induce bone formation
and enhance healing.
Osteoinductive Bone Graft Substitutes for Spinal Fusion:
A Basic Science Summary 635
Steven C. Ludwig and Scott D. Boden
An understanding of precise biologic mechanisms at work during spinal
fusion healing is just beginning to evolve. Current molecular biology re¬
search has shown this process to be multifactorial and extremely complex.
With the advent of improved animal models to study the biology of spinal
fusion, essential information regarding the basic science behind arthrodesis
has advanced knowledge of this process. Moreover, with advances in local
gene therapy as well as osteoinductive proteins and osteoinductive carrier
matrices, the orthopedic surgeon will soon enter into a new era of biologic
manipulation for fusion.
Osteoinductive Growth Factors in Preclinical Fracture and Long
Bone Defects Models 647
Mathias P.G. Bostrom, Khaled J. Saleh, and Thomas A. Einhorn
Fracture healing is a specialized form of the reparative process that the mus
culoskeletal system undergoes to restore skeletal integrity. This biologic pro¬
cess is a consequence of a complex cascade of biologic events that result in
the restoration of bone tissue, allowing for the resumption of musculoskel
etal function. Several growth promoting substances have been identified at
the site of skeletal injury and appear to play a physiologic role in fracture
healing. This article reviews the effects of these osteoinductive growth fac¬
tors on bone healing as elucidated by both preclinical in vivo fracture and
diaphyseal defect healing models.
Bone Graft Substitutes: Clinical Applications
Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes in Hip and Knee Surgery 661
Yasar Behairy and Murali Jasty
Bone grafts and bone substitutes are an essential part of the armamentarium
of orthopedic surgeons. This article presents the current knowledge about
bone replacements and reviews the available sources, techniques, and in
CONTENTS ix
dications of the various types of autograft, allograft, and synthetic agents
that are used in contemporary hip and knee replacement surgery.
Tumor Reconstruction 673
Francis J. Hornicek, Mark C. Gebhardt, Joel I. Sorger,
and Henry J. Mankin
This article discusses opinions for reconstruction of bony defects created by
tumor resections. The literature is reviewed, and the results of different re¬
construction methods from the Massachusetts General and Children s Hos¬
pitals database are discussed. The authors treatment goals and algorithms
are reviewed as well as the rationale behind them.
Bone Grafting for Spinal Fusion 685
Harvinder S. Sandhu, Harpreet S. Grewal, and Hari Parvataneni
At least 250,000 spinal fusions are performed in the United States each year,
nearly all requiring implantation of bone graft material. The preferred tech¬
nique for most of these operations is the transplantation of structured or
morcellized autologous corticocancellous bone from the iliac crest. Further,
because of the increasing frequency of spinal fusion surgery during the
1990s, arthrodesis of the spine has become the most common reason for
autologous bone graft harvest. This article reviews the current clinical status
of autogenous bone grafts and alternative materials in spinal fusion surgery.
Cumulative Index 1999 699
Subscription Information Inside back cover
x CONTENTS
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| spelling | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes Scott D. Boden ... guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 XI S., S. 543 - 709 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The orthopedic clinics of North America 30,4 Bottransplantatie gtt Homogreffe Substituts osseux Transplantation, os Bone Transplantation Bone regeneration Bone substitutes Bone-grafting Knochentransplantation (DE-588)4138395-3 gnd rswk-swf Knochenersatz (DE-588)4164283-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Knochenersatz (DE-588)4164283-1 s DE-604 Knochentransplantation (DE-588)4138395-3 s Boden, Scott D. Sonstige oth The orthopedic clinics of North America 30,4 (DE-604)BV000001089 30,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008719629&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes The orthopedic clinics of North America Bottransplantatie gtt Homogreffe Substituts osseux Transplantation, os Bone Transplantation Bone regeneration Bone substitutes Bone-grafting Knochentransplantation (DE-588)4138395-3 gnd Knochenersatz (DE-588)4164283-1 gnd |
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| title | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes |
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| title_exact_search | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes |
| title_full | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes Scott D. Boden ... guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes Scott D. Boden ... guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes Scott D. Boden ... guest ed. |
| title_short | Bone grafting and bone graft substitutes |
| title_sort | bone grafting and bone graft substitutes |
| topic | Bottransplantatie gtt Homogreffe Substituts osseux Transplantation, os Bone Transplantation Bone regeneration Bone substitutes Bone-grafting Knochentransplantation (DE-588)4138395-3 gnd Knochenersatz (DE-588)4164283-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bottransplantatie Homogreffe Substituts osseux Transplantation, os Bone Transplantation Bone regeneration Bone substitutes Bone-grafting Knochentransplantation Knochenersatz Aufsatzsammlung |
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