Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Peregrinus
1992
|
| Series: | Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series]
9 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 601 Seiten . Ill., graph. Darst. - Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 0863411967 9780863411960 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV012817041 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20180321 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 991019s1992 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0863411967 |9 0-86341-196-7 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780863411960 |9 978-0-86341-196-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)27683646 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV012817041 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-703 |a DE-91 |a DE-83 |a DE-523 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a QD381.9.D47 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 620.1/9204297 |2 20 | |
| 084 | |a UV 5100 |0 (DE-625)146906: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ZN 8440 |0 (DE-625)157620: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ELT 075f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Dissado, Len A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |c L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Peregrinus |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 601 Seiten . |b Ill., graph. Darst. - Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] |v 9 | |
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Breakdown (Electricity) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Polymers |x Deterioration | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Polymere |0 (DE-588)4046699-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Elektrische Eigenschaft |0 (DE-588)4193812-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Polymere |0 (DE-588)4046699-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Elektrische Eigenschaft |0 (DE-588)4193812-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fothergill, John C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] |v 9 |w (DE-604)BV001898004 |9 9 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m GBV Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008718382&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008718382 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804127491076390912 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION AND BREAKDOWN IN POLYMERS L. A. DISSADO AND ). *
FOTHERGILL PETER PEREGRINUS LTD. ON BEHALF OF THE INSTITUTION OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS CONTENTS PREFACE VII EDITOR S PREFACE IX PART 1
INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS AND ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN INTRODUCTION POLYMER
STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY 3 1.1 STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS 3 1.1.1 CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE 3 1.1.2 PHYSICAL STRUCTURE 9 1.2 FACTORS AFFECTING
CRYSTALLINITY 10 1.2.1 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 12 1.2.2 CRYSTALLISATION
CONDITIONS 13 1.2.3 MECHANICAL FLOW 14 1.3 MORPHOLOGY AND FACTORS
AFFECTING IT 14 1.3.1 CRYSTALLISATION FROM SOLUTION 14 1.3.2
CRYSTALLISATION FROM THE MELT 15 1.3.3 CRYSTALLISATION DURING FLOW 17
1.3.4 CROSSLINKING 18 1.4 BULK DEFECTS AND FREE VOLUME 18 1.5 TECHNIQUES
FOR CHARACTERISING CRYSTALLINITY AND MORPHOLOGY 19 1.5.1 CALCULATING
CRYSTALLINITY FROM DENSITY MEASUREMENTS 19 1.5.2 PERMANGANIC ETCHING 20
1.5.3 OTHER TECHNIQUES 21 1.6 ADDITIVES 22 POLYMERS AS WIDE BAND-GAP
INSULATORS 24 2.1 CONDUCTIVITY 24 2.2 ENERGY BAND THEORY: BASIC CONCEPTS
27 2.2.1 BONDING 28 2.2.2 ELECTRON ENERGY BANDS 29 2.2.3 BAND TRANSPORT
33 2.3 BAND THEORY APPLIED TO POLYMERS 35 2.3.1 THEORETICAL
CONSIDERATIONS 35 2.3.2 CORRELATION OF CALCULATED AND MEASURED
ELECTRONIC ENERGY BANDS IN POLYMERS 40 2.3.3 SUMMARY 42 2.4 IONIC
CONDUCTION 43 2.5 ELECTRONIC CONDUCTION 46 XII CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF
ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION AND BREAKDOWN 49 3.1 LOW LEVEL DEGRADATION IN
POLYMERS 49 3.1.1 PHYSICAL AGING 49 3.1.2 CHEMICAL AGING 55 3.1.3
ELECTRICAL AGING 57 3.1.4 COMBINED MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION
59 3.2 CATEGORIES OF ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN 62 3.2.1 ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN 63
3.2.2 THERMAL BREAKDOWN 64 3.2.3 ELECTROMECHANICAL BREAKDOWN 65 3.2.4
PARTIAL DISCHARGE BREAKDOWN 65 3.3 ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF ELECTRICAL
DEGRADATION AND BREAKDOWN 66 PART 2 TREEING DEGRADATION IN POLYMERS
INTRODUCTION 69 4 WATER TREEING DEGRADATION 75 4.1 WHAT ARE WATER TREES?
75 4.2 THE TIME DEPENDENCE OF WATER TREE GROWTH 78 4.2.1 INCEPTION 78
(A) VENTED TREES 78 (B) BOW-TIE TREES 84 4.2.2 PROPAGATION 85 (A) THE
GROWTH LAW 85 (B) FIELD DEPENDENCE 87 (C) LENGTH DEPENDENCE 92 4.2.3
LONG TIME GROWTH 95 4.3 MECHANISMS OF WATER TREE GROWTH 96 4.3.1 GENERAL
CRITIQUE OF PROPOSED MECHANISMS 97 4.3.2 EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVED
FEATURES 102 4.3.3 WATER TREE FORMATION SCHEME 110 4.4 THE GROSS
MORPHOLOGY OF WATER TREES 113 5 ELECTRICAL TREE DEGRADATION 117 5.1
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL TREEING 117 5.2 ELECTRICAL TREE
INCEPTION 124 5.2.1 THE ROLE OF SPACE CHARGE 124 5.2.2 ALTERNATING
FIELDS 126 5.2.3 ENERGY THRESHOLD APPROACH 129 5.3 ELECTRICAL TREE
PROPAGATION 131 5.3.1 CHANNEL DISCHARGE 131 5.3.2 BRANCH DEVELOPMENT 132
5.3.3 RUNAWAY PROPAGATION 134 5.3.4 BUSH-TYPE TREE PROPAGATION 134 5.3.5
DC GROWTH 135 5.4 FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL TREES 136 5.4.1 FRACTAL
CHARACTERISTICS 136 5.4.2 TREE DYNAMICS 137 5.4.3 TREE SIMULATION 140
CONTENTS XIII TREE-INITIATED BREAKDOWN 144 6.1 THE WATER TREE ROUTE TO
FAILURE 144 6.1.1 REDUCTION OF BREAKDOWN STRENGTH 144 6.1.2 INITIATION
OF ELECTRICAL TREES 145 6.2 CATASTROPHIC FAILURE 151 FACTORS AFFECTING
TREEING 155 7.1 EFFECT OF MORPHOLOGY UPON TREEING 155 7.1.1 WATER TREES
155 (A) INCEPTION 155 (I) VENTED TREES 155 (II) BOW-TIE TREES 157 (B)
PROPAGATION 161 7.1.2 ELECTRICAL TREES 165 (A) INCEPTION 166 (B)
PROPAGATION 168 7.2 INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION UPON TREEING 170
7.2.1 WATER TREES 170 (A) POLYMERIC COMPOSITION 170 (B) TYPICAL
ADDITIVES AND RESIDUES 172 7.2.2 ELECTRICAL TREES 173 (A) POLYMERIC
COMPOSITION 174 (B) CHEMICALS NORMALLY PRESENT 175 7.3 EFFECT OF
TEMPERATURE 177 7.3.1 WATER TREES 177 (A) TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS 178 (B)
TEMPERATURE CYCLING 179 (C) CONSTANT TEMPERATURE 180 7.3.2 ELECTRICAL
TREES 183 (A) INCEPTION 184 (B) PROPAGATION 184 ROUTES TO TREE
INHIBITION 186 8.1 GENERAL ASPECTS OF MATERIAL DESIGN AND PROCESSING 186
8.2 SUPPRESSION OF ELECTRICAL TREES 188 8.2.1 INCEPTION 188 8.2.2
PROPAGATION 190 8.3 INHIBITION OF WATER TREES 192 8.3.1 MATERIAL
MODIFICATIONS 193 8.3.2 ADDITIVES 195 PART 3 DETERMINISTIC MECHANISMS OF
BREAKDOWN INTRODUCTION 199 9 CHARGE INJECTION AND TRANSPORT IN
INSULATING POLYMERS 205 9.1 LOW-FIELD CONDUCTION MECHANISMS 205 9.1.1
OHMIC CONDUCTIVITY 209 (A) TRAP-FREE OHMIC CONDUCTION 209 (B)
TRAP-LIMITED MOBILITY 211 9.1.2 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY 212 XIV CONTENTS 9.2
CHARGE INJECTION FROM ELECTRODES 217 9.2.1 SCHOTTKY INJECTION 218 9.2.2
FOWLER-NORDHEIM INJECTION 223 9.3 HIGH-FIELD CONDUCTION MECHANISMS 228
9.3.1 SPACE-CHARGE LIMITED CONDUCTION 228 (A) TRAP-FREE DIELECTRIC 228
(B) DIELECTRIC WITH TRAPS 231 9.3.2 HOPPING CONDUCTION 232 9.3.3 THE
POOLE-FRENKEL MECHANISM 234 9.3.4 THE FIELD-LIMITING SPACE-CHARGE MODEL
237 10 THERMAL BREAKDOWN 242 10.1 STEADY-STATE THERMAL BREAKDOWN 247
10.1.1 THE MAXIMUM THERMAL VOLTAGE (THE THICK-SLAB, LOW- FIELD
APPROXIMATION) 247 (A) THE GENERAL FORM OF THE MAXIMUM THERMAL VOL- TAGE
(UNIFORM FIELD CONDITIONS) 247 (B) THE MAXIMUM THERMAL VOLTAGE FOR
IONICALLY- CONDUCTING INSULATORS 249 (C) THE MAXIMUM THERMAL VOLTAGE FOR
KLEIN S CON- DUCTIVITY DEPENDENCE 250 10.1.2 THE THIN-SLAB LOW-FIELD
APPROXIMATION 250 (A) GENERAL SOLUTION FOR THIN SLABS 250 (B) THERMAL
BREAKDOWN IN THIN SLABS OF IONICALLY- CONDUCTING INSULATORS 250 (C)
THERMAL BREAKDOWN IN THIN INSULATING SLABS USING KLEIN S ER(T)
DEPENDENCE 251 10.1.3 THE LOW-FIELD THICKNESS-DEPENDENT SOLUTION 252 (A)
GENERAL SOLUTION 252 (B) SOLUTION FOR IONICALLY-CONDUCTING INSULATORS
252 10.1.4 HIGH-FIELD (FIELD-DEPENDENT) CONDUCTIVITY 253 (A) THE
HIGH-FIELD KLEIN MODEL 253 (B) SCHOTTKY AND FOWLER-NORDHEIM EMISSION 254
(C) SPACE-CHARGE LIMITED CURRENT 255 (D) POOLE-FRENKEL CONDUCTIVITY 255
10.2 IMPULSE BREAKDOWN 255 10.2.1 LOW-FIELD IMPULSE BREAKDOWN 256 (A)
KLEIN CONDUCTIVITY RELATION 256 (B) ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY 257 10.2.2
HIGH-FIELD IMPULSE BREAKDOWN 257 (A) KLEIN CONDUCTIVITY RELATION 257 (B)
POOLE-FRENKEL CONDUCTIVITY 257 10.2.3 COMPARISON OF STEADY-STATE AND
IMPULSE BREAKDOWN 257 10.3 FILAMENTARY THERMAL BREAKDOWN 258 10.3.1
PREBREAKDOWN CURRENTS 258 10.3.2 DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF LOCALISED
HEATING 261 11 ELECTROMECHANICAL BREAKDOWN 263 11.1 THE STARK AND GARTON
MECHANISM 263 11.2 FILAMENTARY THEORIES OF ELECTROMECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
264 11.3 DISCUSSION 270 CONTENTS XV 12 ELECTRONIC BREAKDOWN 271 12.1
INTRINSIC BREAKDOWN 272 12.1.1 THE VON HIPPEL, SINGLE ELECTRON, MODEL
(THE LOW- ENERGY CRITERION) 273 12.1.2 FROEHLICH S HIGH-ENERGY CRITERION
274 12.1.3 THE FROEHLICH AMORPHOUS SOLID MODEL 275 12.2 AVALANCHE
BREAKDOWN 280 12.2.1 THE CRITICAL NUMBER OF IONISING GENERATIONS 280
12.2.2 THE AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN STRENGTH 282 12.2.3 THE STATISTICAL TIME
LAG 284 12.3 CRITIQUE OF INTRINSIC AND AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN 285 13
PARTIAL DISCHARGE AND FREE VOLUME BREAKDOWN 287 13.1 THE NATURE OF
PARTIAL DISCHARGES 287 13.1.1 THE STATISTICAL TIME LAG 288 13.1.2
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF VOID 289 13.1.3 THE TOWNSEND DISCHARGE 292 13.1.4
PASCHEN SLAW 296 13.1.5 DISCHARGE MAGNITUDE 298 13.1.6 A CRITERION FOR
TOWNSEND DISCHARGE EXTINCTION AND THE TRANSITION TO STREAMER FORMATION
300 13.1.7 THE NATURE OF THE STREAMER DISCHARGE 301 13.1.8 SWARMING
MICRO-PARTIAL DISCHARGE 303 13.2 PARTIAL DISCHARGE DEGRADATION 303
13.2.1 ION BOMBARDMENT 304 13.2.2 CHEMICAL ATTACK 304 13.2.3 ELECTRICAL
TREE INITIATION BY PARTIAL DISCHARGES 306 13.3 FREE VOLUME BREAKDOWN 311
PART 4 THE STOCHASTIC NATURE OF BREAKDOWN INTRODUCTION 317 14
STATISTICAL FEATURES OF BREAKDOWN 319 14.1 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF
BREAKDOWN 319 14.1.1 THE NOMENCLATURE OF LIFETIME DISTRIBUTIONS 319
14.1.2 THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION 323 (A) THE TWO-PARAMETER WEIBULL
DISTRIBUTION 323 (I) DEFINITION OF THE DISTRIBUTION 324 (II) THE EFFECT
OF THE SHAPE PARAMETER A ON THE DISTRIBUTION 324 (III) OBTAINING THE
WEIBULL PARAMETERS 328 (B) COMMENTS ON THE APPLICABILITY OF THE TWO-
PARAMETER WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION 329 (C) THE THREE-PARAMETER WEIBULL
DISTRIBUTION 329 14.1.3 OTHER STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS 330 (A) THE
FIRST ASYMPTOTIC EXTREME-VALUE DISTRIBUTION 330 (B) THE LOG-NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION 331 (C) MIXED DISTRIBUTIONS 331 XVI CONTENTS 14.2 THE
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE AND TIME ON THE FAILURE STATISTICS 332 14.2.1 THE
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON THE CHARACTERISTIC TIME TO FAILURE 332 (A) THE
INVERSE POWER LAW 332 (B) THE EXPONENTIAL LAW 333 (C) COMPARISON OF THE
INVERSE POWER AND EXPONEN- TIAL LAWS 333 (D) THE FLAT-Z CHARACTERISTIC
335 14.2.2 THE PROBABILITY OF BREAKDOWN AS A FUNCTION OF TIME AND
VOLTAGE 336 (A) INCORPORATING VOLTAGE INTO THE WEIBULL EQUATION 336 (B)
ESTIMATING WEIBULL SHAPE PARAMETERS 338 14.3 LABORATORY STUDIES 339
14.3.1 CONSTANT-STRESS TESTS 339 (A) RESULTS IN SUPPORT OF THE WEIBULL
DISTRIBUTIONS 339 (B) RESULTS IN SUPPORT OF OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS 344
14.3.2 PROGRESSIVE-STRESS TESTS 344 14.3.3 EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON LIFETIME
347 14.4 SERVICE AND FIELD STUDIES 351 15 STOCHASTIC MODELS OF BREAKDOWN
356 15.1 STATISTICAL AND PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS 356 15.1.1 PHYSICAL
ORIGINS OF STATISTICAL BEHAVIOUR 356 15.1.2 EXTREME VALUE STATISTICS 357
15.2 THE FLUCTUATION MODEL 361 15.2.1 HOMOGENEOUS BREAKDOWN 364 15.2.2
AGING OR TREE ASSISTED BREAKDOWN 365 15.2.3 FILAMENTARY CONDUCTION PATHS
AND TREE INITIATED BREAKDOWNS 367 15.2.4 COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT 369
(A) PREDICTED WEIBULL EXPONENTS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLUCTUATION 369
(B) EFFECT OF CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGY 372 (C) IN-SERVICE FAILURES OF POWER
CABLES 374 (D) SUMMARY 375 15.3 FRACTAL DESCRIPTION OF BREAKDOWN 376
15.3.1 WHAT IS A FRACTAL? 376 15.3.2 BRANCHED FILAMENTARY BREAKDOWNS 378
15.3.3 COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF BREAKDOWN 381 15.3.4 FRACTAL SYSTEMS AND
BREAKDOWN STATISTICS 383 15.3.5 THE UTILITY OF THE FRACTAL MODEL 388
15.4 CUMULATIVE DEFECT MODELS OF BREAKDOWN 389 15.4.1 PERCOLATION THEORY
OF BREAKDOWN 391 (A) CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERCOLATION MODEL 392 (B)
CHARACTERISTIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH 393 (I) THEORETICAL EXPRESSION 393
(II) EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR METAL-LOADED 394 MATERIALS (C) BREAKDOWN
STATISTICS 395 (I) THEORETICAL BEHAVIOUR 395 (II) EXPERIMENTAL
OBSERVATIONS 396 CONTENTS XVU 15.4.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUMULATIVE
DEFECT AND PER- COLATION MODELS 399 (A) SPATIALLY RANDOM DEFECT
ACCUMULATION 399 (B) DEFECT EXTENSION 400 (C) CUMULATIVE FREE-VOLUME
BREAKDOWN 401 15.5 SOME SPECIAL CASES 404 15.5.1 ELECTRICAL TREE
INCEPTION 404 15.5.2 PARTIAL DISCHARGE INCEPTION 411 15.5.3 INFLUENCE OF
VENTED WATER TREES ON BREAKDOWN STATISTICS 415 15.6 DIFFERENCES AND
SIMILARITIES IN THE MODEL STATISTICS 419 PART 5 ENGINEERING
CONSIDERATIONS FOR BREAKDOWN TESTING AND DEGRADATION ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION 424 16 BREAKDOWN TESTING AND ANALYSIS 425 16.1 BREAKDOWN
TEST METHODS 426 16.1.1 STANDARDS 426 16.1.2 MANUFACTURERS QUALIFICATION
TESTS 430 16.1.3 A SUGGESTED TEST FOR MEASURING THRESHOLD VOLTAGE 431
16.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 433 16.2.1 GRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES 435 (A) USE OF
PROBABILITY GRAPH PAPER 435 (B) ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF DISTRIBUTION
435 (C) CONFIDENCE LIMITS 439 16.2.2 NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES 440 (A)
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION 441 (B) COMPUTER PROGRAM 443 (C) MONTE
CARLO ESTIMATION 444 (D) INCOMPLETE BETA FUNCTION 445 (E) LEAST-SQUARES
CALCULATION FOR THRESHOLD VALUE 446 16.3 TEMPERATURE AND FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION 447 16.3.1 FREQUENCY ACCELERATION 447 16.3.2 TEMPERATURE
AND MULTIVARIATE TESTS 447 16.4 SIZE SCALING 448 17 COMPARISON OF AC AND
DC BREAKDOWN BEHAVIOUR 452 17.1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES
452 17.2 THE RELATIONSHIP TO SPACE CHARGE AND LOCAL CURRENTS 453 17.2.1
HOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRICS IN AC FIELDS 453 17.2.2 DIELECTRICS IN DC FIELDS
454 17.2.3 POLYMERS AS HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS 455 17.3 CONSTANT
STRESS CONDITIONS AND SPACE CHARGE BUILD-UP 456 17.3.1 SPACE CHARGE
MEASUREMENT 456 17.3.2 HOMOCHARGE 457 17.3.3 HETEROCHARGE 458 17.3.4
SPACE CHARGE AGING 459 17.3.5 WEAK SPOTS 460 CONTENTS 17.4 PROGRESSIVELY
INCREASING STRESSES (RAMPS) 461 17.4.1 STATISTICAL FEATURES 461 17.4.2
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA 462 17.4.3 DO RAMPS ACCELERATE
CONSTANT-STRESS BREAKDOWN? 464 17.5 SPACE CHARGE AS A CRITICAL PARAMETER
466 17.6 A MODEL FOR RAMP AND CONSTANT STRESS STATISTICS 468 17.6.1
CONSTANT STRESS (E A ) DC TESTS 468 17.6.2 PROGRESSIVE DC STRESS TESTS
468 17.6.3 AC CONSTANT STRESS TESTS: HALF-CYCLE SPACE-CHARGE VARIATION
469 17.6.4 AC PROGRESSIVE STRESS TESTS: HALF-CYCLE SPACE-CHARGE
VARIATION 470 17.6.5 FULL-CYCLE SPACE-CHARGE VARIATION 471 17.7 THE
INCREASE OF DC BREAKDOWN STRENGTHS AT LOW RAMP RATES 472 17.7.1 CHARGE
SWEEPING BY DC FIELDS 473 17.7.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE CHARGE
475 CABLE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 477 18.1 CABLE VALIDATION TESTS 477
18.1.1 VOLTAGE WITHSTAND TESTS 477 18.1.2 PARTIAL DISCHARGE TESTS 478
(A) PARTIAL DISCHARGE DETECTION 478 (B) ROUTINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE
TESTING 480 18.2 LIFETIME PREDICTION OF CABLES SUBJECT TO WATER TREE
DEGRADATION 481 18.2.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR PREDICTING WATER TREEING 481
18.2.2 ACCELERATED TESTING TECHNIQUES 484 18.2.3 MODELLING WATER TREE
GROWTH 488 18.2.4 DISCUSSION 488 DETECTING ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION
NON-DESTRUCTIVELY 490 19.1 WATER TREES 490 19.2 PARTIAL DISCHARGES AND
ELECTRICAL TREES 492 19.3 GENERAL TYPES OF DEGRADATION 500 CONCLUDING
REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 502 1 POLYMER STRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL
BEHAVIOUR 502 2 TREEING DEGRADATION AND FAILURE 503 3 DETERMINISTIC
MECHANISMS OF BREAKDOWN 506 4 STOCHASTIC MODELLING AND BREAKDOWN
STATISTICS 507 5 ENGINEERING ASPECTS 508 6 SUMMARY 510 APPENDIX 1:
COMPUTER PROG, AM FOR CALCULATING WEIBULL PARAMETERS 513 APPENDIX 2:
CALCULATING THE THRESHOLD VALUE OF A 3-PARAMETER WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
USING MATHCAD 826 518 CONTENTS XIX APPENDIX 3: MATHEMATICAL PROOF 520
LIST OF SYMBOLS 523 REFERENCES 529 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORS 563
INDEX 588
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Dissado, Len A. Fothergill, John C. |
| author_facet | Dissado, Len A. Fothergill, John C. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Dissado, Len A. |
| author_variant | l a d la lad j c f jc jcf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012817041 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD381 |
| callnumber-raw | QD381.9.D47 |
| callnumber-search | QD381.9.D47 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 3381.9 D47 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | UV 5100 ZN 8440 |
| classification_tum | ELT 075f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)27683646 (DE-599)BVBBV012817041 |
| dewey-full | 620.1/9204297 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.1/9204297 |
| dewey-search | 620.1/9204297 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.1 79204297 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik Elektrotechnik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01973nam a2200469 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV012817041</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20180321 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">991019s1992 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0863411967</subfield><subfield code="9">0-86341-196-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780863411960</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-86341-196-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)27683646</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV012817041</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-83</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QD381.9.D47</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">620.1/9204297</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">UV 5100</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)146906:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZN 8440</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)157620:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ELT 075f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dissado, Len A.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers</subfield><subfield code="c">L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London</subfield><subfield code="b">Peregrinus</subfield><subfield code="c">1992</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XIX, 601 Seiten .</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst. - Illustrationen, Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series]</subfield><subfield code="v">9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Breakdown (Electricity)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Polymers</subfield><subfield code="x">Deterioration</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Polymere</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046699-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Elektrische Eigenschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4193812-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Polymere</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046699-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Elektrische Eigenschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4193812-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fothergill, John C.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series]</subfield><subfield code="v">9</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV001898004</subfield><subfield code="9">9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">GBV Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008718382&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008718382</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV012817041 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:34:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0863411967 9780863411960 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008718382 |
| oclc_num | 27683646 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-83 DE-523 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-83 DE-523 |
| physical | XIX, 601 Seiten . Ill., graph. Darst. - Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Peregrinus |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] |
| series2 | Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] |
| spelling | Dissado, Len A. Verfasser aut Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens London Peregrinus 1992 XIX, 601 Seiten . Ill., graph. Darst. - Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] 9 Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Breakdown (Electricity) Polymers Deterioration Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf Elektrische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4193812-4 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s Elektrische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4193812-4 s DE-604 Fothergill, John C. Verfasser aut Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] 9 (DE-604)BV001898004 9 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008718382&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dissado, Len A. Fothergill, John C. Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers Institution of Electrical Engineers: [IEE materials and devices series] Breakdown (Electricity) Polymers Deterioration Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Elektrische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4193812-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4193812-4 |
| title | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |
| title_auth | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |
| title_exact_search | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |
| title_full | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens |
| title_fullStr | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers L. A. Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, edited by G.C. Stevens |
| title_short | Electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |
| title_sort | electrical degradation and breakdown in polymers |
| topic | Breakdown (Electricity) Polymers Deterioration Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Elektrische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4193812-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Breakdown (Electricity) Polymers Deterioration Polymere Elektrische Eigenschaft |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008718382&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001898004 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dissadolena electricaldegradationandbreakdowninpolymers AT fothergilljohnc electricaldegradationandbreakdowninpolymers |