Stillwater igneous complex, Montana: a quantitative mineralogical study
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
1960
|
| Series: | Geological Society of America: Memoir
80 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 6 Kt. |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hess, Harry Hammond |d 1906-1969 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1036737128 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stillwater igneous complex, Montana |b a quantitative mineralogical study |c by H. H. Hess |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |c 1960 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 230 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |e 6 Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Geological Society of America: Memoir |v 80 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Mineralogia |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rochas ígneas - Montana |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mineralogy |z Montana | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petrology |z Montana | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rocks, Igneous | |
| 700 | 1 | 2 | |a Smith, J. R. |4 aut |t Optical properties of low-temperature plagioclase |
| 830 | 0 | |a Geological Society of America: Memoir |v 80 |w (DE-604)BV035915045 |9 80 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008673634&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008673634 | ||
| 249 | |a With an appendix: on optical properties of low-temperature plagioclase |v by J. R. Smith | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804127423050022912 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Stillwater igneous complex, Montana
Autor: Hess, Harry Hammond
Jahr: 1960
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract......................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter I. Introduction......................................................................................................................3
A. Summary of major relations...................................................... 3
B. Scope and purpose of investigation................................................................................................3
C. Results obtained................................................................................................................................3
D. Field work and collection of specimens........................................................................................4
E. Plan of presentation........................................................................................................................S
F. Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................5
Chapter II. Determinative Methods..............................................................................................7
A. Introduction......................................................................................................................................7
B. Index of refraction measurements..................................................................................................7
1. General..........................................................................................................................................7
2. Plagioclase....................................................................................................................................8
3. Orthopyroxene..............................................................................................................................11
4. Clinopyroxene..............................................................................................................................11
C. Birefringence measurements............................................................................................................13
D. Optic-angle measurement................................................................................................................15
E. Extinction-angle measurements......................................................................................................15
1. Plagioclase....................................................................................................................................15
2. Clinopyroxene..............................................................................................................................17
F. Density determinations....................................................................................................................18
G. X-ray measurements........................................................................................................................19
H. Rosiwal analyses..............................................................................................................................20
I. Mineral separations..........................................................................................................................21
Chapter III. Mineralogy......................................................................................................................23
A. Introduction......................................................................................................................................23
B. Orthopyroxene of the Bushveld type............................................................................................23
C. Orthopyroxene of the Stillwater type............................................................................................27
D. Exsolution lamellae and calcium content of orthopyroxene....................................................29
E. Augite................................................................................................................................................34
F. Exsolution in augite..........................................................................................................................35
G. Pyroxene as geologic thermometer................................................................................................39
H. Plagioclase..........................................................................................................................................41
I. Other minerals..................................................................................................................................45
Chapter IV. East Boulder Plateau Section................................................................................49
A. Structural units, layering, and textural relations........................................................................49
1. Subdivisions of the complex......................................................................................................49
2. Layering........................................................................................................................................49
3. Textural relations........................................................................................................................51
B. Border Zone and Floor rocks..........................................................................................................52
C. Ultramafic Zone.................................................................................................................56
1. General relations..........................................................................................................................56
2. Primary Group of Rocks............................................................................................................57
a. Rock types..............................................................................................................................57
b. Chromite horizon....................................................................................................................57
c. Rock types above chromite horizon....................................................................................58
d. Serpentinization......................................................................................................................58
e. Olivine-bronsite relations......................................................................................................58
f. Plagioclase, augite, and mafic pegmatite............................................................................60
3. Secondary Group of Rocks........................................................................................................62
a. Distribution............................................................................................................................62
b. Relations to wall rocks............................................................................................62
c. Petrography............................................................................................................................63
d. Chemical composition............................................................................................................65
4. Origin of the Secondary Group of Rocks................................................................................65
5. Contact of Ultramafic Zone and Norite Zone........................................................................69
D. Norite Zone........................................................................................................................................70
1. General statement........................................................................................................................70
2. Textural relations........................................................................................................................71
3. Mineralogy....................................................................................................................................71
4. Bulk composition........................................................................................................................72
5. Description of specimens............................................................................................................73
6. Dead Tree detailed section........................................................................................................74
E. Lower Gabbro Zone..........................................................................................................................75
1. General statement........................................................................................................................75
2. Textural relations........................................................................................................................75
3. Mineralogy....................................................................................................................................76
4. Bulk composition........................................................................................................................77
5. Inch-scale layering......................................................................................................................77
6. Description of specimens............................................................................................................79
F. Anorthosite zone..............................................................................................................................81
1. General statement........................................................................................................................81
2. Textural relations........................................................................................................................81
3. MÎineralogy....................................................................................................................................81
4. Bulk composition........................................................................................................................82
5. Description of specimens............................................................................................................82
6. The anorthosite problem............................................................................................................83
a. Facts..................................................................................83
b. Hypotheses on origin of thick anorthosites........................................................................85
G. Upper Gabbro Zone..........................................................................................................................88
1. General statement........................................................................................................................88
2. Textural relations.................................................:....................88
3. Mineralogy....................................................................................................................................89
4. Bulk composition........................................................................................................................89
5. Description of specimens............................................................................................................91
Chapter V. Bulk Mineralogical and Chemical Composition op the Stillwater Complex
and Its Subdivisions....................................................................................................................97
A. Distribution of rock types.....................................................................97
B. Bulk chemical composition..............................................................................................................100
1. Lower exposed portion................................................................................................................100
2. Upper Hidden Zone...............................................................101
Chapter VI. Mineral-Variation Curves..........................................................................................109
A. General discussion........................................................................................................................109
B. Interstitial liquid and its effect......................................................................................................109
C. Indicators of rate of accumulation of crystals................................................................112
D. Origin of monomineralic rocks......................................................113
E. Interpretation of textural relations................................................................................................113
F. Interpretation of mineral-variation curves of Dead Tree section............................................114
G. Interpretation of mineral-variation curves from floor to Dead Tree section........................119
H. Interpretation of mineral-variation curves from the Dead Tree section to highest exposure 120
I. Interpretation of mineral-variation curves for the complex as a whole.................121
J. Observations on grain size.............................................................122
Chapter VH. Layering and Its Origin..............................................................................................125
A. Description of layering in Stillwater Complex..................................................125
1. General considerations................................................................................................................125
Page
2. Rhythmic layering........................................................... 125
a. Thickness of layers........................................................ 125
b. Lateral extent and continuity of layers....................................... 125
c. Attitude of layers......................................................... 127
d. Contacts between layers.................................................... 127
e. Relations between layers................................................... 127
f. Mineral variations across layers............................................. 127
g. Orientation of crystals..................................................... 127
h. Gravity stratification...................................................... 127
i. Regularity of layers........................................................ 128
j. Distribution of layered sequences and thick norite layers....................... 128
3. Disturbed rhythmic layering................................................... 129
4. Cryptic layering............................................................. 131
5. Phase layering............................................................... 132
6. Inch-scale layering........................................................... 133
B. Origin of rhythmic layering...................................................... 133
Chapter VIII. Some Quantitative Aspects of Stillwater Petrology: Settling Rates,
Thermal Relations, Diteusion, Convection.................................... 139
A. Settling velocities of crystals in magma........................................... 139
B. Thermal relations............................................................... 144
C. Effectiveness of diffusion......................................................... 146
D. Convection currents............................................................. 148
Chapter IX. Complementary Evidence from the Bushveld Complex, Great Dyke, and
Skaergaard Intrusion........................................................ 151
A. Comparisons................................................................... 151
1. General considerations......................................................... 151
2. The magmas................................................................ 151
B. The Bushveld complex.......................................................... 153
1. Introduction................................................................. 153
2. Opinions.................................................................... 154
3. Concept of successive intrusions vs. differentiation in situ.......................... 154
4. Merensky Reef.............................................................. 156
5. Progressive transgression of the gabbroic magma................................. 158
6. Upper contact of Bushveld gabbroic fades...................................... 161
7. Relation of Bushveld granitic rocks to the Bushveld gabbro lopolith................ 164
C. The Great Dyke............................................................... 165
D. Stillwater-Bushveld-Great Dyke liquid line of descent............................... 166
Appendixes
Appendix 1. Products of Differentiation by Fractional Crystallization Compared to Calc-
Alkaline Magma Series with Comments on Generation of Magmas and a Resulting
Composition Gradient in the Crust............................................... 169
Appendix 2. Differentiation of Dolerite Sills........................................... 187
Appendix 3. Optical Properties of Low-Temperature Plagiodase. By J. R. Smith.......... 191
References Cited.................................................................. 221
Index.............................................................................. 227
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hess, Harry Hammond 1906-1969 Smith, J. R. |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
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| language | English |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-188 |
| physical | XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 6 Kt. |
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| publishDate | 1960 |
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| series | Geological Society of America: Memoir |
| series2 | Geological Society of America: Memoir |
| spelling | Hess, Harry Hammond 1906-1969 Verfasser (DE-588)1036737128 aut Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study by H. H. Hess New York 1960 XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 6 Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geological Society of America: Memoir 80 Mineralogia larpcal Rochas ígneas - Montana larpcal Mineralogy Montana Petrology Montana Rocks, Igneous Smith, J. R. aut Optical properties of low-temperature plagioclase Geological Society of America: Memoir 80 (DE-604)BV035915045 80 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008673634&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis With an appendix: on optical properties of low-temperature plagioclase by J. R. Smith |
| spellingShingle | Hess, Harry Hammond 1906-1969 Smith, J. R. Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study Geological Society of America: Memoir Mineralogia larpcal Rochas ígneas - Montana larpcal Mineralogy Montana Petrology Montana Rocks, Igneous |
| title | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study |
| title_alt | Optical properties of low-temperature plagioclase |
| title_auth | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study |
| title_exact_search | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study |
| title_full | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study by H. H. Hess |
| title_fullStr | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study by H. H. Hess |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana a quantitative mineralogical study by H. H. Hess |
| title_short | Stillwater igneous complex, Montana |
| title_sort | stillwater igneous complex montana a quantitative mineralogical study |
| title_sub | a quantitative mineralogical study |
| topic | Mineralogia larpcal Rochas ígneas - Montana larpcal Mineralogy Montana Petrology Montana Rocks, Igneous |
| topic_facet | Mineralogia Rochas ígneas - Montana Mineralogy Montana Petrology Montana Rocks, Igneous |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008673634&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035915045 |
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