High power lasers in production engineering:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Imperial College Press [u.a.]
1999
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 448 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9810230397 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS INTRODUCTION VII 1 LIGHT AND MATTER 1 1.1 THE NATURE AND
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT 1 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.2 LIGHT WAVES..... 3
1.1.3 QUANTIZATION OF LIGHT ENERGY AND PHOTONS 13 1.2 ELECTRONS, ATOMS
AND MOLECULES 14 1.2.1 MATTER WAVES 14 1.2.2 ELECTRON ENERGIES IN AN
ATOM 15 1.2.3 MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS 19 1.3 INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT
AND MATTER 20 1.3.1 TRANSITIONS BETWEEN ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS 20 1.3.2
RATE EQUATION 24 2 LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF
RADIATION (LASER) 27 2.1 INVERSION AND LIGHT AMPLIFICATION 27 2.2 LASER
SOURCES AS LIGHT AMPLIFIERS WITH FEEDBACK 32 2.3 PROPERTIES OF THE LASER
BEAM COMPARED TO NATURAL LIGHT 34 3 BEAMS AND RESONATORS 39 3.1 GAUSSIAN
BEAMS 39 3.1.1 FIELD DISTRIBUTION 39 3.1.2 BEAM EDGE 40 3.1.3 RADII OF
THE WAVEFRONTS 42 3.1.4 OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF THE GAUSSIAN BEAM 43
3.1.5 SELECTION OF A GAUSSIAN BEAM 45 3.2 HIGHER TRANSVERSAL MODES 46
3.2.1 FIELD DISTRIBUTION 46 3.2.2 DIVERGENCE OF HIGHER TRANSVERSAL MODES
49 3.2.3 FOCUSING ARBITRARY BEAM MODES 51 3.3 STABLE RESONATORS 52 3.3.1
INTRODUCTION 52 3.3.2 HEMI- CONFOCAL RESONATORS 52 3.3.3 ARBITRARY
HEMISPHERICAL RESONATORS 53 3.3.4 RESONATORS OF FINITE SIZE 60 3.4
UNSTABLE RESONATORS 62 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION 62 3.4.2 REPRODUCTION OF A
PARAXIAL RAY 63 3.4.3 CONFOCAL UNSTABLE RESONATOR 64 3.5 BEAM
CHARACTERIZATION 68 3.5.1 INTRODUCTION 68 3.5.2 POSITION OF THE BEAM 68
3.5.3 BEAM DIAMETER 69 3.5.4 DIVERGENCE ANGLE 69 3.5.5 BEAM QUALITY
NUMBER K AND BEAM PROPAGATION CONSTANT M 2 70 4 LASER SOURCES ..73 4.1
OVERVIEW 73 4.2 GAS LASERS 76 4.2.1 GAS PLASMAS 76 4.2.2 CO 2 LASERS 83
4.2.3 EXCIMER LASERS ILL 4.3 SOLID STATE LASERS 120 4.3.1 SEMICONDUCTORS
120 4.3.2 SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 123 4.3.3 ND:YAG LASERS 128 5 COMPETING
BEAM SOURCES 151 5.1 ELECTRON BEAMS 151 5.2 PLASMA JETS 153 5.3 HIGH
PRESSURE WATER JETS 156 6 BASIC MATERIALS 161 6.1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
161 6.2 BASIC STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 161 6.3 IRON AND
STEEL 165 6.3.1 ALLOYING OF STEEL 172 6.3.2 CLASSES OF DIFFERENT STEELS
173 6.4 NON-FERROUS MATERIALS 175 6.4.1 ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS 175
6.4.2 COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS 178 6.4.3 CERAMIC MATERIALS 179 6.4.4 OTHER
MATERIALS 179 6.5 TESTING 180 6.5.1 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS 180
6.5.2 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS 181 7 INTERACTION BETWEEN HIGH POWER
BEAMS AND MATTER 183 7.1 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION 183 7.1.1 OVERVIEW 183
7.1.2 REFLECTION, ABSORPTION AND TRANSMISSION 184 7.1.3 FRESNEL
ABSORPTION 185 7.1.4 FRESNEL ABSORPTION OF INSULATING MATERIALS 189
7.1.5 ABSORPTION IN THE BULK OF GASES AND PLASMAS 191 7.1.6 ENHANCEMENT
OF ABSORPTION DUE TO MULTIPLE REFLECTIONS 194 7.2 HEATING BY LASER
RADIATION 195 7.3 MELT FLOWS 201 7.3.1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 201 7.3.2
EXTERNAL FORCES 201 7.3.3 INTERNAL FORCES AND FLOWS 204 7.4 EVAPORATION
206 8 PROCESSING SYSTEMS 211 8.1 GENERAL SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 211 8.2
BEAM DELIVERY SYSTEM 212 8.2.1 FIXED BEAM DELIVERY 212 8.2.2 FLYING
OPTICS SYSTEMS 212 8.2.3 FLEXIBLE BEAM GUIDANCE 213 8.2.4 SCANNER 215
8.3 PROCESSING HEADS 216 8.4 MANIPULATION SYSTEMS 220 8.4.1 OVERVIEW 220
8.4.2 LINEAR MOTION SYSTEMS 223 8.4.3 ROTATIONAL MOTION SYSTEMS 224
8.4.4 UNIVERSAL POSITIONING AND MANIPULATION SYSTEMS 224 8.5 MOTOR
DRIVES AND CNC-TECHNIQUES 227 8.5.1 SERVOMOTORS 227 8.5.2 POSITION
SENSORS 227 8.5.3 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A LINEAR MOTION UNIT 229 8.5.4
STEPPING MOTORS 229 8.5.5 LINEAR MOTORS 231 8.6 PROCESS CONTROL BY
SENSOR SYSTEMS... 231 8.6.1 INTRODUCTION 231 8.6.2 DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
232 9 PRINCIPAL POSSIBILITIES OF MATERIALS PROCESSING WITH LASERS AND
OTHER BEAMS 237 9.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 237 9.2 MATERIALS PROCESSING
WITHOUT A RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN BEAM AND WORKPIECE 238 9.3 MATERIALS
PROCESSING WITH A RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN BEAM AND WORKPIECE 238 9.3.1
BEAM PROCESSING WITHOUT ADDITIONAL MEANS 238 9.3.2 BEAM PROCESSING
ASSISTED BY GAS JETS 241 9.3.3 MATERIALS PROCESSING WITH THE ADDITION OF
POWDERIZED MATERIAL 244 9.3.4 MATERIALS PROCESSING WITH BEAMS COMBINED
WITH MECHANICAL FORCES 245 10 CUTTING WITH LASERS 251 10.1 THE MECHANISM
OF LASER CUTTING 251 10.1.1 BASIC TYPES OF LASER CUTTING 251 10.1.2
ENERGY INPUT 252 10.1.3 MASS REMOVAL 254 10.2 CUTTING SYSTEMS 255 10.2.1
BASIC SYSTEM LAYOUT 255 10.2.2 PULSED LASER CUTTING 258 10.2.3
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CUTTING 259 10.2.4 PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL 261
10.3 LASER CUTTING PERFORMANCE AND CUT QUALITY 264 10.3.1 CUTTING SPEED
264 10.3.2 CUT KERF WIDTH AND GEOMETRY 266 10.3.3 CUT SURFACE QUALITY
269 10.4 MODELING OF LASER CUTTING 279 10.4.1 ESTIMATION OF CUTTING
SPEED FOR ARBITRARY BEAMS 279 10.4.2 EXISTENCE DIAGRAMS 280 10.4.3
DYNAMIC EFFECTS AND CUT QUALITY 285 10.4.4 IMPROVED MODEL OF LASER
CUTTING 288 10.5 ASSESSMENT OF LASER CUTTING AND CONVENTIONAL CUTTING
TECHNIQUES 291 10.5.1 MARKET FOR LASER CUTTING 291 10.5.2 COSTS OF LASER
CUTTING 292 10.5.3 COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL CUTTING 292 10.6 FUTURE
IMPROVEMENTS OF LASER CUTTING 295 11 ABLATION AND MARKING WITH LASERS
299 11.1 OVERVIEW 299 11.2 ABLATION AND MARKING MECHANISMS 302 11.2.1
MELT REMOVAL 302 11.2.2 VAPORIZATION AND SUBLIMATION 303 11.2.3
NON-THERMAL PHOTOABLATION 305 11.2.4 CHIP REMOVAL 306 11.2.5 GROOVING
307 11.2.6 MARKING BY SURFACE MODIFICATION 308 11.3 TECHNICAL
PROPERTIES: WAVELENGTH AND MATERIAL 308 11.3.1 OVERVIEW 308 11.3.2
ND:YAG AND CO 2 LASERS 308 11.3.3 EXCIMER LASER ABLATION 313 11.4 LASER
ABLATION AND MARKING SYSTEMS 318 11.4.1 OVERVIEW 318 11.4.2 MASK
TECHNIQUES 321 11.5 ECONOMICAL ASPECTS 328 11.5.1 MARKET AND COSTS 328
11.5.2 COMPETING TECHNIQUES 330 12 WELDING WITH LASERS 337 12.1
INTRODUCTION 337 12.2 LAYOUT AND OPERATION OF LASER WELDING SYSTEMS 337
12.3 PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF LASER WELDING 340 12.3.1 HEAT CONDUCTION
WELDING 340 12.3.2 DEEP PENETRATION WELDING 341 12.4 PARAMETERS OF LASER
WELDING 343 12.4.1 OVERVIEW 343 12.4.2 WELD QUALITY 344 12.4.3 DESIGN
PARAMETERS 346 12.4.4 TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 349 12.4.5 METALLURGICAL
PARAMETERS 353 12.5 COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL WELDING TECHNOLOGIES 358
12.6 PREDICTION OF WELDING RESULTS BY MATHEMATICAL MODELS 360 13 RAPID
PROTOTYPING WITH LASERS 371 13.1 INTRODUCTION 371 13.2 PHYSICAL
MECHANISM AND PROCESS OPTIONS 371 13.3 RELATED PROCESSES 373 13.3.1
OVERVIEW 373 13.3.2 LAMINATED PROTOTYPES 373 13.3.3 LASER BENDING AND
THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORMING 375 13.4 EQUIPMENT FOR RAPID PROTOTYPING WITH
LASERS 377 13.4.1 GENERATION OF THE LAYER GEOMETRY 377 13.4.2 LAYOUT OF
LASER RAPID PROTOTYPING SYSTEMS 378 13.5 INFLUENCE OF PROCESS AND
WORKPIECE PARAMETERS ON QUALITY AND SPEED 383 13.5.1 INTRODUCTORY
REMARKS 383 13.5.2 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY 383 13.5.3 SELECTIVE LASER
SINTERING 384 13.6 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RAPID PROTOTYPING 385 13.7
COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL RAPID PROTOTYPING PROCESSES 385 14 SURFACE
TREATMENT WITH LASERS 387 14.1 INTRODUCTION 387 14.2 PHYSICAL MECHANISM
OF SURFACE TREATMENT WITH LASERS 388 14.3 EQUIPMENT FOR LASER SURFACE
TREATMENT 393 14.3.1 GENERAL REMARKS 393 14.3.2 OPTICS FOR SURFACE
TREATMENT 394 14.4 INFLUENCE OF THE PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON SPEED AND
QUALITY 397 14.4.1 SPEED OF SURFACE TREATMENT 397 14.4.2 SURFACE
TREATMENT QUALITY 399 14.5 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SURFACE TREATMENT
WITH LASERS 403 14.6 CONVENTIONAL HARDENING PROCESSES 405 15 LASER
SAFETY 409 15.1 INTRODUCTION 409 15.2 HAZARDS OF LASER TECHNOLOGY AND
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 410 15.2.1 HAZARDS OF HIGH POWER LASER SOURCES 410
15.2.2 HAZARDS OF HIGH POWER LASER BEAMS 411 15.2.3 HAZARDS OF LASER
PROCESSES 413 A APPENDIX 419 A.L MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF WAVE
PROPAGATION 419 A. 1.1 COMPLEX WAVES 419 A.1.2 KIRCHHOFF - FRESNEL
INTEGRAL 419 A.L.3 FOURIER TRANSFORMATION BY FOCUSING 420 A.2 EFFECTS OF
INTENSE LIGHT ON HUMAN SKIN AND EYES 422 A.2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF LIGHT
SOURCES 422 A.2.2 MECHANISMS OF BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE BY NON-IONIZING
RADIATION - MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURES 424 A.2.3 LASER CLASSES 430
A.2.4 TYPICAL SITUATIONS FOR DANGEROUS RADIATION LEVELS DURING MATERIAL
PROCESSING 432 A.2.5 PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR 434 A.3 EFFECTS OF FUMES AND
GASES ON THE HUMAN LUNGS 435 A.3.1 HAZARDS OF FUMES AND GASES 435 A.3.2
PROTECTION AGAINST GAS AND FUME EMISSIONS 437 SUBJECT INDEX 441
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:31:51Z |
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| isbn | 9810230397 |
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| spelling | Schuöcker, Dieter 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)139899871 aut High power lasers in production engineering Dieter Schuöcker London Imperial College Press [u.a.] 1999 XIV, 448 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hochleistungslaser (DE-588)4282625-1 gnd rswk-swf Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd rswk-swf Hochleistungslaser (DE-588)4282625-1 s Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 s DE-604 OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008619631&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schuöcker, Dieter 1941- High power lasers in production engineering Hochleistungslaser (DE-588)4282625-1 gnd Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4282625-1 (DE-588)4047347-8 |
| title | High power lasers in production engineering |
| title_auth | High power lasers in production engineering |
| title_exact_search | High power lasers in production engineering |
| title_full | High power lasers in production engineering Dieter Schuöcker |
| title_fullStr | High power lasers in production engineering Dieter Schuöcker |
| title_full_unstemmed | High power lasers in production engineering Dieter Schuöcker |
| title_short | High power lasers in production engineering |
| title_sort | high power lasers in production engineering |
| topic | Hochleistungslaser (DE-588)4282625-1 gnd Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hochleistungslaser Produktion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008619631&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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