Handbook of labor economics: 3,1 Volume 3A
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| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
North-Holland
1999
Amsterdam Elsevier 1999 |
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | Handbooks in economics
5,3,1 |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke. |
| Physical Description: | XXI S., S. 1278 - 2097, 83 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0444501878 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of labor economics |n 3,1 |p Volume 3A |c ed. by Orley Ashenfelter ... |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b North-Holland |c 1999 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam |b Elsevier |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XXI S., S. 1278 - 2097, 83 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Handbooks in economics |v 5,3,1 | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Handbooks in economics |v 5 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME
ЗА
Introduction to the Series
v
Contents of the Handbook
vii
Preface to the Handbook
xiii
PART
6 -
OVERVIEW ISSUES
Chapter
23
Empirica]
Strategies in Labor Economics
JOSHUA D. ANGRIST and ALAN B. KRUEGER
1277
Abstract
1278
JEL
codes
1278
1 Introduction
1278
2
Identification strategies for causal relationships
1282
2.1
The range of causal questions
1282
2.2
Identification in regression models
1284
2.3
Consequences of heterogeneity and non-linearity
1309
2.4
Refutability
1326
3
Data collection strategies
1329
3.1
Secondary
dalasets
1332
3.2
Primary data collection and survey methods
1335
3.3
Administrative data and record linkage
1338
3.4
Coinbining samples
1339
4
Measurement issues
1339
4.1
Measurement error models
1340
4.2
The extent of measurement error in labor data
1344
4.3
Weighting and allocated values
1352
5
Summary
1354
Appendix A
1355
A. I Derivation of Eq.
(9)
in the text
1355
A.2 Derivation of Eq.
(34)
in the text
1 355
A.3 Schooling in
lhe
1990
Census
1357
References
1357
xvi Contents
of
Volume
ЗА
Chapter
24
New Developments in Econometric Methods for Labor Market Analysis
ROBERT A. MOFFITT
1367
Abstract
1368
JEL
codes
1368
1
What labor economists do
1369
2
Developments in qualitative, limited-dependent, and selection bias
models
1374
2.1
Binary choice model
1374
2.2
Multinomial choice model
1382
2.3
Censored regression model (Tobit)
1387
2.4
Sample selection bias model
1389
3
Conclusions
1393
References
1394
Chapter
25
Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market
FRANCINE D.
BLAU
and LAWRENCE M.
KAHN 1399
Abstract
1400
JEL
codes
1400
1
Introduction
1400
2
Scope of the chapter
1403
3
Why are there labor market institutions?
1404
4
Theoretical overview: recent developments in analyzing labor market
institutions, wage levels, wage dispersion, and employment
1407
4.1
Union-management bargaining: beyond the monopoly union-efficient bargaining
dichotomy
1408
4.2
The impact of centralization of wage-setting
1409
4.3
Employment protection, employment and wages
1411
4.4
The relationship between wage-setting, centralization and social policies
1413
5
Wage centralization and
macroeconomic
performance
1414
6
Wage-setting institutions and wage inequality
1416
6.1
Collective bargaining institutions and overall wage inequality
1417
6.2
Wage-setting institutions and the relative pay of particular groups: women
1429
6.3
Wage-setting institutions and the relative pay of particular groups: minimum wage
laws
1433
7
Responses to labor market institutions
1434
7.1
Employment and wage-setting institutions
1435
7.2
Labor market flexibility and employment responses
1443
7.3
Countervailing institutional responses to adverse labor market consequences of institu¬
tions
1449
8
Conclusions
1453
References
1455
Contents
of
Volume
ЗА
xvij
Chapter
26
Changes in the Wage Structure and Earnings Inequality
LAWRENCE F. KATZ and DAVID H.
AUTOR 1463
Abstract
1464
JEL
codes
1464
1
Introduction
1464
2
Changes in the US wage structure
1467
2.1
Changes in the US wage structure,
1963-1995,
March CPS data
1470
2.2
Robustness of wage structure trends across data sources
1480
2.3
Total compensation inequality versus wage inequality
1485
2.4
Observable and unobservable components of changes in wage inequality
1489
2.5
Permanent and transitory components of earnings inequality
1493
2.6
Cohort versus time effects in inequality and the returns to education
1497
2.7
Longer-term historical changes in the US wage structure
1499
3
Changes in other advanced
OECD
countries
1501
4
Conceptual framework: supply, demand, and institutions
1504
5
Supply and demand factors
1509
5.1
A simple supply and demand framework
1509
5.2
Some issues in supply and demand analysis
1514
5.3
Supply and demand analysis of changes in educational wage differentials
1517
5.4
Between- and within-industry shifts in relative demand
1525
5.5
Skill-biased technological change
1530
5.6
Globalization and deindustrialization
1536
5.7
Summary
1538
6
Labor market rents and labor market institutions
1540
6.1
Industry rents
1541
6.2
Unions
1542
6.3
Minimum wage
1545
6.4
The
SDI
model and cross-country differences in wage structure changes
1546
7
Conclusions
1547
References
1548
PART
7:
THE SUPPLY SIDE
Chapter
27
Labor Supply: a Review of Alternative Approaches
RICHARD BLUNDELL and THOMAS MACURDY
1559
Abstracts
1560
JEL
codes
1560
1 Introduction
1560
2
How have tax and welfare policies changed?
1563
2.1
US tax and welfare programs
1564
2.2
UK tax and welfare programs
1569
3
Recent empirical trends
1572
3.1
Data sources
1574
xviii
Contents of Volume
ЗА
3.2
Participation
1577
3.3
Hours of work
1580
3.4
Real wages
1584
4
A framework for understanding labor supply
1586
4.1
The static labor supply model
1587
4.2
Multiperiod models of labor supply under certainty
1591
4.3
Multiperiod models of labor supply under uncertainty
1596
4.4
Basic empirical specifications
1598
4.5
Which elasticities for policy evaluation?
1603
5
Policy reforms and the natural experiment approach
1607
5.1
The natural-experiment approach and the difference-in-differences estimator
1608
5.2
Does the difference-in differences estimator measure behavioral responses?
1613
5.3
A review of some empirical applications
1615
6
Estimation with non-participation and non-linear budget constraints
1617
6.1
Basic economic model with taxes
1618
6.2
Instrumental-variable estimation
1622
6.3
Maximum likelihood: convex differential constraints with full participation
1626
6.4
Maximum likelihood: convex piecewise-linear constraints with full participation
1629
6.5
Maximum likelihood: accounting for fixed costs of participation and missing wages
1635
6.6
Welfare participation and non-convex budget constraints
1638
6.7
An approach for computational simplification and discrete hours choices
1643
6.8
Survey of empirical findings for non-linear budget constraints models
1644
7
Family labor supply
1657
7.1
The basic economic model of family labor supply
1657
7.2
The collective model of family labor supply
1661
7.3
Some empirical findings for the family labor supply model
1665
8
Structural dynamic models
1672
8.1
The standard
intertemporal
labor supply model with participation
1672
8.2
Learning by doing and human capital
1676
8.3
Habit persistence
1680
8.4
Review of empirical results for structural dynamic models
1680
9
Closing comments
1684
Appendix A. Specifications of within-period preferences
1686
References
1689
Chapter
28
The Economic Analysis of Immigration
GEORGE J.
BÖRJAS
1697
Abstract
1698
JEL
codes
1698
1
Introduction
1698
2
Immigration and the host country's economy
1700
2.1
A model with homogeneous labor
1700
2.2
Heterogeneous labor and perfectly elastic capital
1703
Contents
of
Volume
ЗА
x¡x
2.3
Heterogeneous
labor
and inelastic capital
] 705
2.4
Simulating the impact of immigration
1707
3
The skills of immigrants: theory
1709
3.1
The migration decision
1710
3.2
The self-selection of immigrants
1711
3.3
Selection in observed characteristics
1716
4
The skills of immigrants: empirics
1717
4.1
The identification problem
1718
4.2
Economic assimilation
1721
4.3
Empirical evidence for the United States
1722
4.4
Convergence and conditional convergence
1728
5
Immigration and the wage structure
1733
5.1
Spatial correlations
1734
5.2
A model of wage determination and internal migration
1740
5.3
A model with a permanent supply shock
1746
5.4
Immigration and native internal migration
1748
5.5
The factor proportions approach
1753
6
Conclusion
1755
References
1757
Chapter
29
Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market
GARY SOLON
1761
Abstract
1762
JEL
codes
1762
1
Introduction
1762
2
A simple theoretical model
1763
3
Sibling correlations in earnings
1766
3.1
Statistical model
1767
3.2
Empirical studies
1769
3.3
What we have learned and what we still do not know
1775
4
Intergenerational correlations in earnings
1776
4.1
Statistical model
1776
4.2
Empirical studies
1778
4.3
What we have learned and what we still do not know
1789
5
Neighborhood effects
1790
5.1
Statistical model
1790
5.2
Empirical studies
1791
5.3
What we have learned and what we still do not know
1794
6
Conclusions
1795
References
1796
xx
Contents of Volume
ЗА
Chapter
30
The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings
DAVID CARD
1801
Abstract
1802
JEL
codes
1802
1
Introduction and overview
1802
2
The human capital earnings function
1803
2.1
Functional form
1804
2.2
Measurement of education
1806
2.3
Which measure of earnings?
1808
2.4
Summary
1809
3
Causal modelling of the return to education
1810
3.1
Theoretical issues
1810
3.2
Observed schooling and earnings outcomes
1813
3.3
Measurement error
1815
3.4
Instrumental variables estimates of the return to schooling
1817
3.5
Limitations of instrumental variables
1819
3.6
Family background
1822
3.7
Models for siblings and twins
1826
3.8
Summary
1831
4
A selective review of recent empirical studies
1834
4.1
Instrumental variables based on institutional features of the school system
1834
4.2
Estimators using family background as a control or instrument
1842
4.3
Studies of education and earnings using twins
1846
4.4
Direct evidence on the heterogeneity in returns to education
1852
5
Conclusions
1855
Appendix A
1856
A.
1
OLS estimation of a random coefficients model
1856
A.
2
Estimation of a random coefficients model
1857
A.3 Measurement error in a bivariate regression model
1858
References
1859
Chapter
31
The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs
JAMES J. HECKMAN, ROBERT J. LALONDE and JEFFREY A. SMITH
1865
Abstracts
1866
JEL
codes
1867
1
Introduction
1867
2
Public job training and active labor market policies
1871
3
The evaluation problem and the parameters of interest in evaluating
social programs
1877
3.1
The evaluation problem
1877
3.2
The counterfactuals of interest
1 879
3.3
The counterfactuals most commonly estimated in the literature
1 882
3.4
Is treatment on the treated an interesting economic parameter?
1886
Contents
of
Volume
ЗА
xx¡
4
Prototypical solutions to the evaluation problem
1891
4.1
The before-after estimator
1891
4.2
The difference-in-differences estimator 1
894
4.3
The cross-section estimator
189Ő
5
Social experiments
1899
5.1
How social experiments solve the evaluation problem
1 899
5.2
Intention to treat and substitution bias
1903
5.3
Social experiments in practice
1905
6
Econometric models of outcomes and program participation
1914
6.1
Uses of economic models
1914
6.2
Prototypical models of earnings and program participation
1914
6.3
Expected present value of earnings maximization
1915
6.4
The role of program eligibility rules in determining participation
1932
6.5
Administrative discretion and the efficiency and equity of training provision
1933
6.6
The conflict between the economic approach to program evaluation and the modern
approach to social experiments
1935
7
Non-experimental evaluations
1936
7.1
The problem of causal inference in non-experimental evaluations
1936
7.2
Constructing a comparison group
1938
7.3
Econometric evaluation estimators
1941
7.4
Identification assumptions for cross-section estimators
1 950
7.5
Using aggregate time series data on cohorts of participants to evaluate programs
1972
7.6
Panel data estimators
1973
7.7
Robustness to biased sampling plans
1985
7.8
Bounding and sensitivity analysis
1989
8
Econometric practice
1992
8.1
Data sources
1993
8.2
Characterizing selection bias
1998
8.3
A simulation study of the sensitivity of non-experimental methods
2007
8.4
Specification testing and the fallacy of alignment
2025
9
Indirect effects, displacement and general equilibrium treatment effects
2033
9.1
Review of the traditional approaches to displacement and substitution
2035
9.2
General equilibrium approaches
2036
9.3
Summary of general equilibrium approaches
2043
10
A survey of empirical findings
2043
10.1
The objectives of program evaluations
2043
10.2
The impact of government programs on labor market outcomes
2050
10.3
The findings from US social experiments
2054
10.4
The findings from non-experimental evaluations of US programs
2064
10.5
The findings from European evaluations
2069
11
Conclusions
2080
References
2085
Author index
1-1
Subject index
1-35 |
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| title | Handbook of labor economics |
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