Language and its normal processing:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Thousand Oaks [u.a.]
Sage
1998
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 549 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0803959958 080395994X 9780803959958 9780803959941 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Tartter, Vivien C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Language and its normal processing |c Vivien C. Tartter |
| 264 | 1 | |a Thousand Oaks [u.a.] |b Sage |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 549 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvn
1. Perspectives on Language
Why Study Language? 2
The Fascination of Language
A Brief History of Psycholinguistics 8
Modern Perspectives on Language
Philosophy l
Artificial Intelligence
12
Linguistics
Psychology
Applications: Education and Clinical Sciences I5
Language: The Whole and the Parts 16
Organization of this Book l8
References
21
Study Questions
22
2. Meaning
Philosophical Distinctions 24
Senses of Meaning
Word Form and Meaning
28
Language and Reality
Structure of Meaning in Linguistic Analysis 36
Linguistic Feature Systems (the Formalists) 38
41
Fuzzy Systems
Recovering Speaker Intents: Speech Acts,
Conversation Logic, Pragmatics 45
Morphemes, Cases: Is the Word the Unit of Meaning? 49
Summary and Conclusions 54
References 55
Study Questions 56
3. Meaning Processing 57
Associations 59
Behaviorism and Associations 59
Mediating Responses: The Form of Meaning 62
Connectionist Models 67
Evidence for the Structure of Semantic Memory 72
Codability, Prototype, and Basic Level 73
Network Models 77
Feature Models 84
Constructivist Views of Semantic Memory:
The Metaphor of Mind 86
Constructing Meaning in Figures of Speech 89
Figurative Language May Yet Be Special 91
Constructing Common Ground 92
Summary 92
Sublexical Meaning Construction 93
Word Names 96
Retrieving the Concept From the Word 96
Producing Word Names 98
Summary and Conclusions 100
References 102
Study Questions 104
4. Syntax 106
Universal Grammar: The Language Module 107
Tacit Knowledge, Competence, and Performance 107
Arguments for Innate Linguistic Competence 108
Criteria for a Module 110
Constituent Analysis 112
Linguistic Reasoning 112
An Exercise: Deri ving Some Parts of Speech 113
Finite State Grammar 116
Phrase Structure Grammar 118
Complex Sentence Structure 121
Finite State Grammar, Phrase Structure,
andEmbedding 123
Deep Structure and Generative Grammar 125
Problems With Phrase Structure Grammars 125
Components of Generative Grammar 128
X-Bar Theory and the Structure of Phrases 133
Structure Within the Word and Beyond the Sentence 137
Lexical Structure 137
Discourse Analysis 140
Summary and Conclusions 141
Appendix 143
References 146
Study Questions 146
5. Sentence Processing 147
Computer Sentence Processing 150
Parsers 150
Total Language Systems 166
Human Sentence Processing 172
Psychological Reality of Structure in Sentence Processing 172
Psychological Reality of Major Constituent Boundaries
as Processing Breaks 174
Tests of the Psychological Reality of Early
Transformational Grammar 175
Psychological Reality of Surface-Structure Information 178
Abstract Surface-Structure Cues (Traces) to Sentence
Processing 179
Evidence Inconsistent With Generative Grammar 181
A Syntax Module Versus Interactionist Processing 184
Summary 186
The Grammar of Discourse 187
Summary and Conclusions 190
References 191
Study Questions 194
6. Speech 195
Unitsof Sound 197
Syllables 197
Phonemes 197
Allophones and Phonetic Differences 199
Phonetic Features 200
Suprasegmentals 200
Articulatory Features 200
Consonants 202
Vowels 204
Coarticulation 206
Nonsegmentals 207
Source-Filter Theory 210
Wave Properties and Their Display 211
Resonance 214
Resonances of the Vocal Tract 215
Vowel 224
Summary 226
Distinctive Feature Theory 227
Sound Structure: Review and Overview 232
References 235
Study Questions 236
7. Speech Perception and Production 237
Linguistic Features and Psychological Reality 238
Features in Speech Perception 238
Features in Speech Production 242
Summary 242
Perceiving and Producing Consonant Linguistic
Features 243
The Problem of Pattern Recognition 243
Methods of Determining Necessary and
Sufficient Cues 244
The Sound of Isolated Segments of a Syllable 245
Context Sensitivity: Combining Cues From
Different Environments 247
Other Proposais for Invariants 250
Vowel Identification, Speaker Identification, and
the Like: Sources of Variability or Patterns
to Be Recognized? 253
Perception ofVowels 254
Perception of Tone of Voice 256
Speaker Identification 258
Summary 259
Speech Production 259
Context Sensitivity of Segments 259
Suprasegmental Plans 261
Levels of Production 262
Lack of Invariance in Motor Movements 263
Monitoring and Correcting Speech 263
Summary 265
Theories of Speech Processing 265
Connectionist Models: TRACE, Node Structure
Theory, and Production Systems 266
Detector Theory 268
The Motor Theory 270
Is Speech Special? 271
Categorical Perception 271
Dichotic Listening and Laterality 276
The McGurk Effect 277
Trading Relations 277
Duplex Perception 278
Summary 279
Speech Processing in Natural Language Context 280
Detecting Mispronunciations On-Line 280
Phonemic Restoration 281
Models of Lexical Access and Word Segmentation 282
Summary and Conclusions 284
References 285
Study Questions 290
8. Sociolinguistics 292
Methodological Issues in Sociolinguistics 293
The Observer s Paradox and Obtaining Natural Language
Samples 293
Experimental Control of the Samples 297
Collecting and Correlating Social Variables 298
Language Change: Drastic Happenings and Gradual Evolution 301
Creolization and Historical Change 302
Gradual Change and Dialect Drift 306
A Dialect Case Study: African American Vernacular English 317
Aspects of AAEV Phonology 318
AAEV Morphology and Syntax 320
Summary 322
Language Games and Social Variables 322
Summary 325
Sex Differences in Language 327
Language Differences Between the Sexes 327
Sex Differences in Discursive Purpose and Effects: Pragmatics 328
Summary and Conclusions 331
References 332
Study Questions 333
9. Acquisition of the First Language 334
Introductory Issues 335
Nativism Versus Empiricism in Language Acquisition 335
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) or Universal
Grammar (UG) 336
Piaget, Vygotsky: Changes in General Cognition 338
Skinner, the Acquisition of Verbal Behavior, and
Connectionism 342
Methodology in Language Acquisition Studies 344
Language in the Infant: MLU 1 349
Physical Changes in the First Year 349
Sound Production 350
Sound Perception in the Infant 353
Language in the Child: MLU =1 361
Phonological Processes 362
Meaning Processes 362
What s in the Word? 364
One-Word Stage 365
Language in the Child: MLU 1 366
MLU = 2 367
Telegraphic Speech 369
Acquisition of Adult Syntax 371
Maturation of the Semantic System 382
Practice and the Parent as Teacher 393
Summary 395
Summary and Conclusions 396
References 397
Study Questions 402
10. Multilingualism and Foreign Language
Acquisition 403
Bilingualism in Society 404
Born in a Two-Language Family 404
One Language at Home, One in School 405
Bilingual Education 407
The Bilingual in Conversation 409
Summary 409
Acquiring Two Languages 410
Case Studies of Simultaneous Acquisition 411
Studies of Successive Acquisition 413
Summary and Conclusions 421
Cognitive and Neuropsychological Processes
in Bilingualism 422
Bilingual Language Processing 422
The Bilingual Brain 434
Effects of Bilingualism on Cognition:
Advantage or Disadvantage 439
Second Language Teaching 443
Summary and Conclusions 446
References 448
Study Questions 452
11. Processing Print: The Psychology of
Reading and Writing 453
Writing Systems and Their History 454
Historyof Writing 455
Modern Writing Systems 461
Fluent Reading Processes 462
Lexical Access From Print 462
Eye Movements in Reading 467
The Phonological Route 469
Uncovering and Establishing Coherence in Text 483
Reading in Other Cultures 492
Summary 493
Learning to Read and Write 495
Reading Readiness 495
Learning to Decode 499
Reading Recovery 503
Reading to Learn 505
Summary 507
Summary and Conclusions 507
References 509
Study Questions 513
12. Retrospectives on Normal Language 514
Summary of Our Explorations 515
Language and Thought 517
Evidence for Thought Without Language 517
The Influence of Language on Thought 518
Thought for Language 518
Conclusions 519
Is Language Processing a Cognitive Module ? 519
Evidence for Special-to-Language Processes 519
Evidence for General Cognitive Underpinnings to Language 520
General Cognitive—Language-Specific Interactions 522
Conclusions 523
Language as a Community Force 523
Is Language Learning Innately Driven? 525
Cautions for Interpretation 525
Communication and Articulatory Structure Universals 526
Higher Level Language Universals 526
Other Universals? 527
Conclusions 527
What Is Language? 528
Concluding Remarks 529
Remaining Questions 529
Applications of Available Answers 529
Conclusions 531
References 531
Index 533
About the Author 550
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| isbn | 0803959958 080395994X 9780803959958 9780803959941 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Tartter, Vivien C. Verfasser aut Language and its normal processing Vivien C. Tartter Thousand Oaks [u.a.] Sage 1998 XVIII, 549 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Taalpsychologie gtt Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd rswk-swf Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd rswk-swf Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 s DE-604 Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008549805&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tartter, Vivien C. Language and its normal processing Taalpsychologie gtt Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127537-8 (DE-588)4074250-7 |
| title | Language and its normal processing |
| title_auth | Language and its normal processing |
| title_exact_search | Language and its normal processing |
| title_full | Language and its normal processing Vivien C. Tartter |
| title_fullStr | Language and its normal processing Vivien C. Tartter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Language and its normal processing Vivien C. Tartter |
| title_short | Language and its normal processing |
| title_sort | language and its normal processing |
| topic | Taalpsychologie gtt Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Taalpsychologie Taalwetenschap Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Psycholinguistik |
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