Efficiency effects of trade liberalization: theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frankfurt am Main
Vervuert
1999
Madrid Iberoamericana |
| Series: | Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics
7 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 240 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3893541772 8495107465 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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11
Contents
List of tables 14
List of figures 15
List of abbreviations 17
1 Introduction 19
2 Trade liberalization in Argentina since 1987 and accompanying policies 23
2.1 Trade liberalization since 1987: Motives and measures 23
2.1.1 Definition of trade policy and trade liberalization 24
2.1.2 Background: Argentine trade policies before the recent policy reforms .27
2.1.2.1 The period of import substitution industrialization 27
2.1.2.2 Episodes of trade liberalization in the 1960s and 1970s 28
2.1.2.3 The re closure of the economy in the early 1980s 29
2.1.3 Gradual trade liberalization 1987 1988 31
2.1.3.1 Motives for the initiation of trade liberalization 32
2.1.3.2 Implementation of trade liberalization 1987 1988 35
2.1.4 Intensification of trade liberalization 1989 1991 38
2.1.4.1 Motives for intensifying trade liberalization 39
2.1.4.2 Implementation of trade liberalization 1989 1991 42
2.1.5 Consolidation of trade policy reform since 1991 and some new
protectionist measures 45
2.2 Accompanying policies 49
2.2.1 Exchange rate policy during trade liberalization 49
2.2.1.1 Exchange rate management during 1987 to 1990 50
2.2.1.2 Exchange rate policy since April 1991: The Convertibility Law 52
2.2.2 Privatization 55
2.2.3 Deregulation of the domestic economy 57
2.2.3.1 Deregulation of the domestic market for goods and services 57
2.2.3.2 Labour market reform 58
2.3 Short summary 59
12
3 Does trade liberalization bring greater efficiency?
Theoretical insights and empirical evidence 61
3.1 Efficiency gains of trade liberalization under perfect competition 63
3.1.1 The gains of free trade for a small economy 63
3.1.2 The cost of tariff protection 68
3.1.3 The cost of non tariff protection: The quota case 70
3.1.4 Cost of protection due to rent seeking 72
3.2 Efficiency effects of trade liberalization under imperfect competition 74
3.2.1 Introduction 74
3.2.2 Trade liberalization and domestic market power 76
3.2.2.1 Domestic monopoly 78
3.2.2.2 Domestic oligopoly 82
3.2.3 Trade liberalization and economies of scale 86
3.2.3.1 Market expansion via participation in world markets 87
3.2.3.2 Demand shifts, reduced market power, and output expansion 88
3.2.3.3 Industry rationalization 90
3.2.4 Trade liberalization and x efficiency 104
3.2.5 Trade liberalization and technological change 108
3.2.5.1 Trade policy, domestic market structure, and innovation 108
3.2.5.2 Trade and endogenous growth 112
3.3 Disaggregating the possible gains of trade liberalization:
A graphical analysis 121
3.4 The efficiency effects of trade liberalization:
A summary of the empirical evidence 125
3.4.1 The impact of trade I iberalization on domestic market power 125
3.4.2 The impact of trade liberalization on productivity 126
4 The efficiency effects of trade liberalization: A case study of Argentine
industry in the 1990s 131
4.1 Industrial sector developments in the wake of trade liberalization:
Structural change, trade, competition, and productivity 132
4.1.1 The evolution of industrial production, employment, and productivity. 132
4.1.1.1 Measurement of productivity 132
4.1.1.2 Overall development of industry and intersectoral change 134
13
4.1.1.3 Intrasectoral changes 138
4.1.2 The evolution of price cost margins in industry 142
4.1.3 The evolution of import competition and openness 145
4.1.4 Evidence of industry rationalization and technological change 154
4.1.4.1 Industry rationalization 155
4.1.4.2 Technological change 161
4.2 The impact of trade liberalization on efficiency in Argentine industry:
A statistical analysis 168
4.2.1 Outline of the adopted procedure and the regression model 169
4.2.2 Hypotheses and variables 170
4.2.2.1 Introductory comments 170
4.2.2.2 Dependent variables efficiency indicators 172
4.2.2.3 Independent variables and hypotheses 173
4.2.3 Methodological issues 186
4.2.3.1 Assumptions of the OLS regression model 186
4.2.3.2 Applicability of the OLS regression model 192
4.2.4 Results of the regression analysis 195
4.2.4.1 The impact of trade liberalization on domestic market
power (PCM) 195
4.2.4.2 The impact of trade liberalization on productivity in the
industrial sector 199
5 Conclusion 209
5.1 Summary of major findings 209
5.2 Is there a trade off between short run and long run gains
of trade liberalization ? 212
Appendix 1: International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities, at the three digit level 215
Appendix 2: Definition, measurement, calculation, and data sources of the
variables used in the regression analysis 216
Appendix 3: Interviews 219
References 221
14
List of tables
Table 2.1 1: Evolution of trade policy indicators 44
Table 4.1 1: Employment, production, and productivity, 1947 1995
(average annual rates of growth in per cent) 134
Table 4.1 2: Argentina GDP by sectoral origin, 1980 1995
(percentage of GDP at market prices; 1986 prices) 136
Table 4.1 3: Argentina GDP 1986 1996
(annual growth rates, at constant 1986 prices) 137
Table 4.1 4: Growth rates and standard deviation of industrial sector
production, employment, and productivity, 1990 1995 138
Table 4.1 5: Import competition in manufacturing, 1984 1995 146
Table 4.1 6: Sectoral import competition in 1990 and 1994 148
Table 4.1 7: Sectoral openness in 1990,1994, and 1995 151
Table 4.1 8: Distribution of establishments according to size,
1985 and 1993 155
Table 4.1 9: Employment, value added, and relative productivity
according to size of establishments, 1984 and 1993 157
Table 4.1 10: Gross fixed investment (thousands of pesos at 1986 prices),
1980 1995 162
Table 4.1 11: Imports by economic use (in thousands of US dollar),
1980 1996 164
Table 4.1 12: Imports of capital goods by economic sector (in US dollar),
1985 1996 166
Table 4.2 1: Expected signs for explanatory variables 186
Table 4.2 2: Determinants of PCM change: Regression results 196
Table 4.2 3: Determinants of productivity change during 1990 1995:
Regression results 203
15
List of figures
Figure 2.2 1: The real exchange rate, 1980 1990(1990=100) 51
Figure 2.2 2: The real exchange rate, 1990 1995 (1990=100) 53
Figure 2.2 3: The real exchange rate, 1990 1995 (4th quarter 1990=100) 54
Figure 3.1 1: Equilibrium with free trade 65
Figure 3.1 2: Gains from trade (small economy) 67
Figure 3.1 3: Effects of tariff protection in partial equilibrium 68
Figure 3.1 4: Effects of a binding import quota 70
Figure 3.2 1: Trade liberalization under imperfect competition:
Possible gains and associated channels 75
Figure 3.2 2: Effects of protection on monopoly power 79
Figure 3.2 3: Tariff protection versus quota protection and monopoly power 81
Figure 3.2 4: Effects of protection on market power in oligopoly 84
Figure 3.2 5: Trade liberalization, demand shifts, and output in oligopoly 89
Figure 3.2 6: Protection and inefficient entry 92
Figure 3.2 7: Product differentiation and equilibrium in autarky (prohibitive
protection) 97
Figure 3.2 8: Short run adjustment 99
Figure 3.2 9: Long run equilibrium 101
Figure 3.3 1: Possible gains from trade liberalization 122
Figure 4.1 1: Variation of output and productivity in manufacturing,
1990 1994 (change in per cent) 139
Figure 4.1 2: Variation of output and productivity in manufacturing,
1990 1995 (change in per cent) 140
Figure 4.1 3: Capacity utilization in manufacturing, 1987 1996 (in per cent) 141
Figure 4.1 4: PCMs in manufacturing in 1984 and 1993 (in per cent) 143
16
Figure 4.1 5: Productivity index of tradables and non tradables in industry,
1990 1995(1990=100) 153
Figure 4.1 6: Insolvencies and bankruptcies in industry, 1984 1995
(numbers per year) 159
Figure 4.1 7: Gross fixed investment (annual rates of change in per cent),
1986 1995 163
Figure 4.1 8: Imports by economic use (in per cent), 1980 1996 165 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften Romanistik |
| era | Geschichte 1987-1995 gnd |
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| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:36:31Z |
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| series | Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics |
| series2 | Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics |
| spelling | Pols, Axel Verfasser aut Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 Axel Pols Frankfurt am Main Vervuert 1999 Madrid Iberoamericana 240 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics 7 Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1998 Geschichte 1987-1995 gnd rswk-swf Efficiëntie gtt Handelspolitiek gtt LIBRE COMERCIO - ARGENTINA renib Libre comercio - Argentina PRODUCTIVIDAD INDUSTRIAL - ARGENTINA renib Productividad industrial - Argentina Tarieven gtt Vrijhandel gtt Free trade Argentina Industrial productivity Argentina Liberalisierung (DE-588)4120670-8 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd rswk-swf Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd rswk-swf ARGENTINA - POLITICA COMERCIAL renib Argentinien Argentinien (DE-588)4002890-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 s Liberalisierung (DE-588)4120670-8 s Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 s DE-604 Argentinien (DE-588)4002890-2 g Geschichte 1987-1995 z Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics 7 (DE-604)BV008381787 7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008545461&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pols, Axel Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 Göttinger Studien zur Entwicklungsökonomik, de desarrollo económico, in development economics Efficiëntie gtt Handelspolitiek gtt LIBRE COMERCIO - ARGENTINA renib Libre comercio - Argentina PRODUCTIVIDAD INDUSTRIAL - ARGENTINA renib Productividad industrial - Argentina Tarieven gtt Vrijhandel gtt Free trade Argentina Industrial productivity Argentina Liberalisierung (DE-588)4120670-8 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120670-8 (DE-588)4003832-4 (DE-588)4273396-0 (DE-588)4002890-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 |
| title_auth | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 |
| title_exact_search | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 |
| title_full | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 Axel Pols |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 Axel Pols |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 Axel Pols |
| title_short | Efficiency effects of trade liberalization |
| title_sort | efficiency effects of trade liberalization theoretical insights and empirical evidence from argentina 1987 1995 |
| title_sub | theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Argentina 1987 - 1995 |
| topic | Efficiëntie gtt Handelspolitiek gtt LIBRE COMERCIO - ARGENTINA renib Libre comercio - Argentina PRODUCTIVIDAD INDUSTRIAL - ARGENTINA renib Productividad industrial - Argentina Tarieven gtt Vrijhandel gtt Free trade Argentina Industrial productivity Argentina Liberalisierung (DE-588)4120670-8 gnd Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Efficiëntie Handelspolitiek LIBRE COMERCIO - ARGENTINA Libre comercio - Argentina PRODUCTIVIDAD INDUSTRIAL - ARGENTINA Productividad industrial - Argentina Tarieven Vrijhandel Free trade Argentina Industrial productivity Argentina Liberalisierung Außenhandel Wohlfahrtseffekt ARGENTINA - POLITICA COMERCIAL Argentinien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008545461&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008381787 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT polsaxel efficiencyeffectsoftradeliberalizationtheoreticalinsightsandempiricalevidencefromargentina19871995 |