Small enterprise development in mini island economies: the case of Tobago
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Frankfurt am Main [u.a.]
Lang
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | [Europäische Hochschulschriften / 5]
2486 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 309 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3631350880 0820443522 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a McDonald, Colin |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Small enterprise development in mini island economies |b the case of Tobago |c Colin McDonald |
| 264 | 1 | |a Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] |b Lang |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 309 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a [Europäische Hochschulschriften / 5] |v 2486 | |
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1999 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Nachhaltigkeit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Small business |z Trinidad and Tobago | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Structural adjustment (Economic policy) |z Trinidad and Tobago | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable development |z Trinidad and Tobago | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Unternehmensentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4125011-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Klein- und Mittelbetrieb |0 (DE-588)4031031-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Industriebetrieb |0 (DE-588)4026813-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Trinidad and Tobago |x Economic conditions | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Trinidad and Tobago |x Economic policy | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Tobago |0 (DE-588)4106515-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES V
LIST OF FIGURES VI
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS VIII
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Definitions 4
1.5 Methodology 4
1.6 Structure of the Thesis 6
1.7 Limitations of the Study 7
2. THE THEORETICAL ISSUES OF SMALL ECONOMIES 8
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUE OF COUNTRY SIZE 8
2.1.1 Introduction 8
2.1.2 The Meaning of Size 9
2.1.3 Economic Structure of Small Countries 11
2.1.4 Role of International Trade in the Small Countries 14
2.2 STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN SMALL COUNTRIES 17
2.2.1 Structural Transformation A Theoretical Perspective 17
2.2.2 The Small Country Case 21
2.2.3 The Role of Trade and the External Sector 25
2.3 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS 28
2.3.1 Introduction 28
2.3.2 Government and Bureaucracy in Small Countries 29
2.3.3 Macro Economic Control in a Small Economy 32
2.4 MINI ISLAND STATES WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO
THE CARIBBEAN 35
2.4.1 The Salient Features of Islandness 35
2.4.2 Structural Features of Caribbean Economies 3 8
2.4.3 Assessment of the Caribbean Development Process 44
2.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 46
3. PRINCIPLES OF SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 50
3.1 GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS 50
3.1.1 DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL
ENTERPRISE 50
3.1.2 THE ROLE OF SMALL ENTERPRISE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 57
X
3.1.2.1 Employment and Income Creation 57
3.1.2.2 Socio Economic Transformation 59
3.1.2.3 Balanced Development 61
3.1.3 PRINCIPAL DETERMINANTS OF SMALL ENTERPRISE
DEVELOPMENT 64
3.1.3.1 Internal Constraints 64
3.1.3.2 External Constraints 67
3.1.3.3 Inherent Strengths 70
3.1.4 RELEVANT CHARACTERISTICS OF MINI ISLAND
ECONOMIES REVISITED 72
3.1.4.1 Resource Base 72
3.1.4.2 Population and Market Size 74
3.1.4.3 Engine of Growth 75
3.2 BUSINESS PERFORMANCE 76
3.2.1 INTRODUCTION 76
3.2.2 FACTOR ENDOWMENT 77
3.2.2.1 Supply of Capital 77
3.2.2.2 Labour and Technical Capacity 82
3.2.2.3 Raw Material Inputs 85
3.2.3 KEY ENTREPRENEURIAL FUNCTIONS IN SMALL
ENTERPRISES 88
3.2.3.1 Overview of Entrepreneurship 88
3.2.3 2 Financing 91
3.2.3.3 Production 93
3.2.3.4 Marketing 96
3.2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS 100
3.2.4.1 SelfEmployed 100
3.2.4.2 Family Ownership 102
3.2.4.3 Partnership 104
3.2.4.4 Co operatives 105
3.2.5 SOURCES OF DYNAMISM AND GROWTH 107
3.2.5.1 Innovation and Inter enterprise Relationships 107
3.2.5.2 The role of Macro Economic Policies 111
3.3 ROLE OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN THE
MACRO ECONOMIC CONTEXT 114
3.3.1 DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS OF SMALL
ENTERPRISES 114
3.3.1.1 Introduction 114
3.3.1.2 The Informal Sector 115
3.3.1.3 Structural Change of Small Enterprises over
Time 118
XI
3.3.2 NEED FOR MODERNIZATION OF SMALL
ENTERPRISES 123
3.4 CRITICAL POLICY ISSUES 126
3.4.1 INTRODUCTION 126
3.4.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR PROMOTING SMALL
ENTERPRISE 127
3.4.2.1 Factor Price Distortions 127
3.4.2.2 Market Failure and positive Externalities 130
3.4.3 POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO PROMOTION 133
3.4.3.1 The Supply oriented Approach 13 3
3.4.3.2 The Neo liberal Approach 13 5
3.4.3.3 Building Organisations above Enterprise Level 13 8
3.5 SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS 141
3.5.1 PROSPECTS AND SCOPE FOR DEVELOPMENT 141
3.5.2 QUESTIONS FOR FIELD WORK 143
4. EMPIRICAL MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS 143
4.1 ENTREPRENEURSKP 143
4.1.1 Motive 143
4.1.2 Managerial Potential and Capabilities 151
4.1.3 Organizational Forms 154
4.1.4 Summary: Resulting Entrepreneurial Patterns 161
4.2 SETTING UP THE ENTERPRISE 163
4.2.1 Initial Conditions 163
4.2.2 Sources of Finance 168
4.2.3 Further Expansion 174
4.3 THE FACTOR MIX 181
4.3.1 Labour 181
4.3.2 Raw Material 187
4.3.3 Machinery and Equipment 191
4.3.4 Technology and Information 197
4.3.5 Summary: Resulting Patterns of Productive Proces 204
4.4 STRATEGIC ORIENTATION OF FIRMS 205
4.4.1 Entrepreneurial Vision 205
4.4.2 Products and Markets 211
4.4.3 Product Innovation 219
4.4.4 Process Innovation 223
4.4.5 Firm level Association and Relationships 235
4.4.6 Summary Conclusions: Characteristics of Business
Behavior And Identified Critical Success Factors 240
xn
5. MACROECONIC LESSONS AND POLICY
CONSIDERATIONS 243
5.1 CONTRIBUTION AND ROLE OF THE SMALL
BUSINESS SECTOR 243
5.1.1 The overall Role of Small Enterprises in the Economy 243
5.1.2 The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sector 247
5.1.3 Development Possibilities for the Sector 252
5.2 SCOPE FOR INTERVENTION 254
5.2.1 Policy Issues Resulting from the Sector s Development
Pattern 254
5.2.2 Principles of a Development Strategy for a
Small Island Economy 257
5.2.3 Key Lessons from Small Enterprise Development 260
5.2.4 Policy Recommendations for the Sector 262
6. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS 268
7. APPENDIX 272
Research Questionnaire 272
Innovation Checklist 290
Existing Constraints to enterprise operations 291
Map of Tobago 292
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY 293
XIII
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Distribution of world population 11
Table 2 Structure of production distribution of GDP 22
Table 3 Structure of merchandise exports percent share of
merchandise exports 23
Table 4 Export of goods and non factor services percentage of GDP 27
Table 5 Tourism from US and Canada as share of in coming tourist 42
Table 6 Distribution of motives for starting enterprises (by sex) 146
Table 7 A Distribution of motive for starting enterprise (by sub sector) 147
Table 7B Percentage Distribution of Motives in the garment Sub sector
(by sex) 147
Table 8 Level ofeducation of entrepreneurs (distributed by sex) 147
Table 9 Distribution of entrepreneurs per sub sector on the basis of level
ofeducation 151
Table 10 Educational level amongst entrepreneurs 152
Table 11 Percentage distribution of motives for starting enterprises by
(organizational form) 158
Table 12 Age distribution of enterprise within sub sectors 163
Table 13 Age distribution of enterprises according to organizational form 163
Table 14 Status of entrepreneurs at start of enterprise 164
Table 15 Problems encountered by entrepreneurs at start of enterprise 167
Table 16 Problems encountered by entrepreneurs at start of enterprise
percentage per sub sector 167
Table 17 Sources of initial financing 169
Table 18 Organizational form receiving start up finance from formal
financial sector 172
Table 19 Proportion of enterprises investing in machinery and equipment
after (start up in percentage) 176
Table 20 Amount of enterprises increasing employment after start up:
percentage within sub sector 178
Table 21 Source of finance for enterprise expansion 179
Table 22 Reasons for choice of financing instrument 180
Table 23 Average full time/part time labour ratios within sub sectors 181
Table 24 Entrepreneurs rating of labour 186
Table 25 Type of labour used within the enterprises 186
Table 26 Reasons for investing in equipment in machinery 195
Table 27 Relationship between entrepreneur startup motive and marketing
effort 206
Table 28 Future aim of entrepreneurs in percentages 207
Table 29 Level of sales 208
XIV
Table 30 Enterprises diversifying within sub sectors in percentages 212
Table 31 Distribution of exporting enterprises within the sector 215
Table 32 Summary of the innovation process within the sector 234
Table 33 Relationship among small enterprises within same sub sector 236
Table 34 Relationship between small enterprises and large enterprises 236
Table 35 Entrepreneurs rating of existing relationships 237
Table 36 Areas of interest for relationships 239
Table 37A A Summary of small enterprise critical success factors 241
Table 37B Characterisation of Enterprises within the sector 242
Table 38 Labour absorption within the sector 245
Table 39 Sector s overall market orientation 249
Table 40 Policy matrix with key strategies 267
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Start up motives 145
Figure 2 Organizational forms 155
Figure 3 Relationship between start up motives and organizational
form 156
Figure 4 Distribution of start up capital 169
Figure 5 Sources of raw material 191
Figure 6 Information sought by entrepreneurs 200
Figure 7 Advantages over competitors 215
Figure 8 Reasons for not exporting 217
Figure 9 Innovations in agro industrial sub sector 221
Figure 10 Innovations in woodwork sub sector 226
Figure 11 Innovations in metalwork sub sector 226
Figure 12 Innovations in craft sub sector 228
Figure 13 Innovations in garment sub sector 229
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| geographic | Trinidad and Tobago Economic conditions Trinidad and Tobago Economic policy Tobago (DE-588)4106515-3 gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV012527768 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:29:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
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| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008505415 |
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| physical | XV, 309 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
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| spelling | McDonald, Colin Verfasser aut Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago Colin McDonald Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] Lang 1999 XV, 309 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier [Europäische Hochschulschriften / 5] 2486 Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1999 Nachhaltigkeit Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Small business Trinidad and Tobago Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Trinidad and Tobago Sustainable development Trinidad and Tobago Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd rswk-swf Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd rswk-swf Industriebetrieb (DE-588)4026813-5 gnd rswk-swf Trinidad and Tobago Economic conditions Trinidad and Tobago Economic policy Tobago (DE-588)4106515-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Tobago (DE-588)4106515-3 g Industriebetrieb (DE-588)4026813-5 s Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 s Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 s DE-604 5] [Europäische Hochschulschriften 2486 (DE-604)BV000001798 2486 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008505415&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | McDonald, Colin Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago Nachhaltigkeit Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Small business Trinidad and Tobago Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Trinidad and Tobago Sustainable development Trinidad and Tobago Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Industriebetrieb (DE-588)4026813-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125011-4 (DE-588)4031031-0 (DE-588)4026813-5 (DE-588)4106515-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago |
| title_auth | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago |
| title_exact_search | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago |
| title_full | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago Colin McDonald |
| title_fullStr | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago Colin McDonald |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of Tobago Colin McDonald |
| title_short | Small enterprise development in mini island economies |
| title_sort | small enterprise development in mini island economies the case of tobago |
| title_sub | the case of Tobago |
| topic | Nachhaltigkeit Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Small business Trinidad and Tobago Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Trinidad and Tobago Sustainable development Trinidad and Tobago Unternehmensentwicklung (DE-588)4125011-4 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Industriebetrieb (DE-588)4026813-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nachhaltigkeit Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Small business Trinidad and Tobago Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Trinidad and Tobago Sustainable development Trinidad and Tobago Unternehmensentwicklung Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Industriebetrieb Trinidad and Tobago Economic conditions Trinidad and Tobago Economic policy Tobago Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008505415&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000001798 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mcdonaldcolin smallenterprisedevelopmentinminiislandeconomiesthecaseoftobago |