The difficult pediatric airway:
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
---|---|
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1998
|
Schriftenreihe: | Anesthesiology clinics of North America
16,4 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Enth. außerdem: Cumulative index für Vol. 16. 1998 |
Beschreibung: | XVIII S., S. 707 - 946 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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650 | 2 | |a Obstruction des voies aériennes - Enfant | |
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650 | 4 | |a Child | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | THE DIFFICULT PEDIATRIC AIRWAY
CONTENTS
Foreword xv
Jonathan L. Benumof
Preface xvii
Jalil Riazi
Anatomy and Embryology of the Pediatric Airway 707
Robert S. Holzman
The normal airway is the final product of the complex and mutu¬
ally dependent developmental processes of the skull vault and
base, the branchial arch apparatus, the structures in the midface
derived from neural crest influenced mesoderm, and the myo
tomes and somites of the neck. Even more fascinating than nor¬
mal development is the dysmorphology resulting from these pre¬
cisely choreographed events gone awry. Understanding the
embryogenesis of craniofacial anomalies is important for all anes¬
thesiologists because it helps differentiate and predict specific
aspects of airway management, essential for pediatric anesthesiol¬
ogists who often encounter these patients for their first surgical
procedures, and crucial for those who anesthetize such patients
for surgical repair or manage their care perioperatively. This
review focuses on the development of normal and abnormal
anatomy of the head and neck.
Classification and Assessment of the Difficult
Pediatric Airway 729
George A. Gregory and Jalil Riazi
There is a wide range of congenital and acquired disease states
that have the potential to adversely influence airway management
in the pediatric patient. Increased understanding of these disease
processes can help the clinician improve recognition of the diffi¬
cult airway and the approach to its management. Also critical to
recognizing the difficult airway is the evaluation process through
physical examination. This review includes classification of diffi
vii
cult airway situations according to anatomic location, and a dis¬
cussion of the imperfect art of assessing and predicting the diffi¬
cult airway based primarily on studies carried out in the adult,
with implications for the pediatric patient.
Management Strategies for the Difficult Pediatric Airway 743
Melissa Wheeler
Strategies for managing the difficult pediatric airway can be di¬
vided into two broad categories: the anticipated difficult airway
and the unexpected difficult airway. The unexpected difficult
airway can be subdivided into the nonemergency (can ventilate,
cannot intubate) and emergency pathways (cannot ventilate, can¬
not intubate). This article suggests management strategies for
these clinical scenarios that are based on the American Society of
Anesthesiologists practice guidelines, clinical case reports, and
clinical experience. Management tasks are divided into categories
as an organizational tool for presentation and to guide in devel¬
oping a reasonable approach to the pediatric patient with a diffi¬
cult airway. Some tasks have overlapping concerns and some
may be undertaken simultaneously.
Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy in the Pediatric Patient 763
Steve M. Auden
Flexible endoscopes are now available as intubation tools for
endotracheal tubes as small as 2.5 mm inner diameter. The learn¬
ing, practice, and teaching of the needed skills are an important
part of modern anesthetic practice. Patient preparation, equip¬
ment, and techniques are somewhat different in small children.
Specialized methods include multiple step techniques, combined
use with a laryngeal mask, and retrograde assisted fiberoptic
intubation. Indications, problems and solutions, complications,
and contraindications are discussed.
Use of the Bullard Laryngoscope and Lightwand in
Pediatric Patients 795
Howard B. Gutstein
The Bullard laryngoscope and lightwand are designed to simplify
the difficult intubation, making repositioning the neck for intuba¬
tion unnecessary. This article explores the indications, contraindi¬
cations, and ways to use these devices in the management of the
difficult pediatric intubation. Their appropriateness for use in
management of the difficult airway is also considered.
The Laryngeal Mask Airway in Pediatric Anesthesia 813
Jalil Riazi and Debra E. Morrison
The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a novel device that has
revolutionized airway management. The LMA and its airway
applications have evolved and expanded during the relatively
Viii CONTENTS
short time that it has been available. In order to use the LMA
safely and to its full potential, it is important to understand
its indications and contraindications, techniques for insertion,
positioning in the hypophyarynx, its limitations, and possible
complications. These topics, with emphasis on application of the
LMA in the pediatric patient, are the focus of this review.
Surgical Airway, Rigid Bronchoscopy, and Transtracheal Jet
Ventilation in the Pediatric Patient 827
Sulpicio G. Soriano, Cheonil Kim, and Dwight T. Jones
Developmental differences in the anatomy of the airway dictate
the management of the difficult airway. In infants and young
children, conventional emergency airway techniques used in
adults are sometimes difficult and inappropriate because of lim¬
ited surface landmarks and a relatively small larynx and trachea.
This article reviews pertinent airway anatomy and suggests alter¬
native surgical techniques for securing an emergency airway in
the pediatric patient.
The Difficult Airway in the Pediatric Patient with
Craniofacial Anomaly 839
Charles D. Nargozian
Airway management in patients with craniofacial disorders can
be challenging for the anesthesiologist. The interaction of soft
tissue and bony abnormalities from a disorder or syndrome can
make securing an airway difficult. This article discusses how the
anatomic considerations in patients with craniofacial anomaly
influence airway management. Several syndromes and disorders
are discussed, highlighting their unique challenges to airway
management.
Epiglottitis and Croup in Airway Obstruction in Children 853
Hernando DeSoto
Acute respiratory distress in children presents a significant chal¬
lenge to health care practitioners who must diagnose and treat
the child. Anatomically, because of a smaller airway, infants and
small children have a greater propensity toward acute airway
obstruction. This article discusses epiglottitis and croup, which
are two clinical entities that can present with significant airway
obstruction due to acute inflammation of the upper airway. The
disease states, airway implications, and airway managements are
thoroughly discussed.
Special Challenging Problems in the Difficult Pediatric
Airway: Lymphangioma, Laryngeal Papillomatosis, and
Subglottic Hemangioma 869
Rosemary J. Orr and Thomas Elwood
This article discusses the aspects of management of three condi¬
tions that affect the larynx and upper airway. The management
CONTENTS ix
of lymphangioma, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and sub
glottic hemangioma depends on patient age, tumor location, and
degree of airway encroachment. Therefore, we will treat each
entity separately and approach each from the standpoint of inci¬
dence, cause, clinical presentation, and anesthetic management.
The lymphangioma is the most challenging in terms of preserva¬
tion of the airway and is considered first as the algorithm for care,
serving as a model for management of a potentially completely
obstructed airway, where mask ventilation and endotracheal intu¬
bation by direct laryngoscopy may be impossible.
Foreign Body Aspiration 885
Luis Salcedo
Foreign body aspiration is a common cause for hospitalization
of a previously healthy child. This article reviews the clinical
implications of such an event as the anesthetic approach to laryn¬
goscopy and bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal in
the pediatric patient.
Mediastinal Masses and Anesthesia in Children 893
Shirley L. W. Cheung and Jerrold Lerman
Children with mediastinal masses may present significant chal¬
lenges for the anesthesiologist. In particular, masses in the ante¬
rior mediastinum may distort the anatomy and compromise the
function of the cardiorespiratory systems. Preoperatively, these
children must be evaluated carefully for any evidence of limita¬
tion in cardiorespiratory function. In the presence of severely
compromised reserves, the surgery should be performed after
steroid therapy has been administered and under local anesthesia
with or without sedation if general anesthesia remains too risky.
In a child with noncompromised reserves anesthesia should be
maintained via spontaneous ventilation and the airway should
be secured with tracheal intubation to minimize the risk of cardio¬
respiratory collapse after induction of anesthesia. In the event of
an unexpected deterioration in cardiorespiratory function, reposi¬
tioning the child into the decubitus or prone positions or lifting
the sternum manually may be necessary.
Cervical Spine Disease and Down Syndrome in
Pediatric Anesthesia 911
Yuan Chi Lin
The anesthetic management technique for patients with cervical
spine disease is complex. The cervical spine diseases fall into
either those with limited mobility of the cervical spine or those
with instability of the cervical spine. The pathophysiology, anes¬
thetic implications, and current recommendations in airway man¬
agement in pediatric patients with cervical disease problems are
discussed. Emphasis is placed on Down syndrome, which is the
X CONTENTS
most common chromosomal disorder resulting in pathology of
the cervical spine.
Cumulative Index 1998 925
Subscription Information Inside back cover
CONTENTS Xi
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spelling | The difficult pediatric airway Jalil Riazi guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1998 XVIII S., S. 707 - 946 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anesthesiology clinics of North America 16,4 Enth. außerdem: Cumulative index für Vol. 16. 1998 Anesthésie intratrachéale Obstruction des voies aériennes - Enfant Airway Obstruction Anesthesia, Intratracheal Anesthesia, Intratracheal instrumentation Anesthesia, Intratracheal methods Child Infant Intratracheal anesthesia Respiratory organs Obstructions Atemwegskrankheit (DE-588)4003360-0 gnd rswk-swf Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf Anästhesie (DE-588)4001833-7 gnd rswk-swf Intubation (DE-588)4162196-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s Intubation (DE-588)4162196-7 s DE-604 Atemwegskrankheit (DE-588)4003360-0 s Anästhesie (DE-588)4001833-7 s Riazi, Jalil Sonstige oth Anesthesiology clinics of North America 16,4 (DE-604)BV000600896 16,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008371076&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | The difficult pediatric airway Anesthesiology clinics of North America Anesthésie intratrachéale Obstruction des voies aériennes - Enfant Airway Obstruction Anesthesia, Intratracheal Anesthesia, Intratracheal instrumentation Anesthesia, Intratracheal methods Child Infant Intratracheal anesthesia Respiratory organs Obstructions Atemwegskrankheit (DE-588)4003360-0 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd Anästhesie (DE-588)4001833-7 gnd Intubation (DE-588)4162196-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4003360-0 (DE-588)4030550-8 (DE-588)4001833-7 (DE-588)4162196-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | The difficult pediatric airway |
title_auth | The difficult pediatric airway |
title_exact_search | The difficult pediatric airway |
title_full | The difficult pediatric airway Jalil Riazi guest ed. |
title_fullStr | The difficult pediatric airway Jalil Riazi guest ed. |
title_full_unstemmed | The difficult pediatric airway Jalil Riazi guest ed. |
title_short | The difficult pediatric airway |
title_sort | the difficult pediatric airway |
topic | Anesthésie intratrachéale Obstruction des voies aériennes - Enfant Airway Obstruction Anesthesia, Intratracheal Anesthesia, Intratracheal instrumentation Anesthesia, Intratracheal methods Child Infant Intratracheal anesthesia Respiratory organs Obstructions Atemwegskrankheit (DE-588)4003360-0 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd Anästhesie (DE-588)4001833-7 gnd Intubation (DE-588)4162196-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Anesthésie intratrachéale Obstruction des voies aériennes - Enfant Airway Obstruction Anesthesia, Intratracheal Anesthesia, Intratracheal instrumentation Anesthesia, Intratracheal methods Child Infant Intratracheal anesthesia Respiratory organs Obstructions Atemwegskrankheit Kind Anästhesie Intubation Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008371076&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV000600896 |
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