Brain function and oscillations: 1 Brain oscillations : principles and approaches
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1998
|
| Series: | Springer series in synergetics
|
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXIII, 363 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540643389 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 008 | 981207s1998 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 3540643389 |9 3-540-64338-9 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Brain function and oscillations |n 1 |p Brain oscillations : principles and approaches |c Erol Başar |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIII, 363 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Table of Contents
0. Prologue • 1
Part I. Foundations
1. Brain Dynamics and Brain Codes 13
1.1 Oscillations as Brain Codes 13
1.2 Resonance Phenomena 17
1.3 Global Brain Dynamics Our Goal: A Cloudy Description . 17
1.3.1 Statistical Mechanics in Biology and Physics 18
2. Electrical Signals from the Brain 21
2.1 The Brain and Neurons 21
2.1.1 The Neuron Doctrine 21
2.1.2 The Organization of the Neuron 22
2.1.3 The Resting Membrane Potential 24
2.1.4 The Action Potential 24
2.1.5 Postsynaptic Potentials 25
2.2 Principles of Neural Operation 26
2.3 Recording and Classification at the Neuronal Level 27
2.3.1 Extracellular Recording 28
2.3.2 Intracellular Recording 29
2.3.3 A Brief Classification of Nerve Cell Membrane Potentials 29
2.3.4 Definition of the Poststimulus Time Histogram 30
2.4 Electrical Activity of Neural Populations 30
2.4.1 Spontaneous Electrical Activity of the Brain 31
2.4.2 Stereo EEG (SEEG) 32
2.4.3 Evoked Potentials of the Brain 35
2.4.4 Evoked Potentials Are Descriptively Useful as Signs
of Dynamics Constituting a Useful Window
(Bullock s View) 36
2.4.5 Analysis of Single EEG EP Epochs 37
XXVI Table of Contents
3. The Brain: Sensory and Cognitive Pathways 39
3.1 Sensory Cognitive Systems Are Organized in a Hierarchical
and Parallel Fashion 39
3.1.1 Convergence and Divergence 39
3.1.2 Parallel Processing 41
3.2 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Auditory Pathway 41
3.2.1 Remarks about Variability in the Human Auditory Areas 47
3.3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual Pathway 47
3.4 Thalamic Organization and Cortico Thalamic Circuits
and Global Function of the Thalamus 51
3.5 Cerebral Cortex: Anatomy and Global Function 54
3.5.1 Distributed Cortical Systems 58
3.5.2 Association Cortex and Frontal Lobe 59
3.6 Hippocampus: A Supramodal Polysensory System 62
3.6.1 Anatomical Description: Hippocampus
and Limbic System 63
3.6.2 A Brief Review of the Function of the Hippocampus . . 66
3.6.3 Electrophysiology of the Hippocampus 67
3.6.4 Types of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm 68
3.6.5 Output of the Hippocampal Formation 69
3.6.6 Brainstem Modulation of the Hippocampus 69
3.7 Reticular Formation 70
3.7.1 Anatomy 70
3.7.2 Global Function 71
3.7.3 Is the Reticular Formation a Polysensory High
Command Structure? 72
4. Brain Dynamics Research Program
by E. Ba§ar, V. Kolev and J. Yordanova 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 The Concept System 76
4.2.1 State of a System 78
4.2.2 The Black Box and the White Box 78
4.2.3 The Concept of the Gray Box 79
4.2.4 The Black Box and Gray Box : Approaches
to Exploring Brain Function 79
4.3 Abstract Methods for Brain System Analysis 80
4.3.1 Abstract Methods for Brain State Analysis 80
4.3.2 Abstract Methods of General Systems Theory 86
4.3.3 New Methods for Studying Oscillatory Brain Potentials 99
4.4 Specific Methods for Analysis of Living Systems 101
4.4.1 Application of Pharmacological Agents 101
4.4.2 Partial Injury of the System 101
4.4.3 Reduction of the System to Its Passive Response 102
Table of Contents XXVII
4.5 Methods of Thought, or Research Principles 103
4.5.1 Going into the System 103
4.5.2 Going out of the System 103
5. Wavelet Analysis of Brain Waves
by T. Demiralp, A. Ademoglu, M. Schiirmann and E. Ba§ar 107
5.1 Utility and Main Advantages of the Wavelet Method 107
5.2 Description of the Method 108
5.2.1 Spline Basis Functions 108
5.2.2 Discrete B Splines 109
5.2.3 Spline Wavelet Transform 110
5.3 Results of Wavelet Analysis of EPs 113
5.3.1 Typical Animal 113
5.3.2 Wavelet Analysis of Single Trials 117
5.4 Interpretation of Wavelet Analysis 118
5.5 Role of Wavelet Transform Methods in the Analysis
of Functional ERP Components 119
5.6 Selectively Distributed Oscillatory Systems in the Brain 121
6. Phase Locking of Oscillatory Responses: An Informative
Approach for Studying Evoked Brain Activity
by V. Kolev, J. Yordanova and E. Ba§ar 123
6.1 Introduction 123
6.2 Phase Locked and Non Phase Locked Activity 123
6.3 Phase Locked Activity in the Averaged EPs 124
6.4 Method 125
6.4.1 Identification of Phase Relationships in Single Sweeps . 125
6.4.2 Stability of Phase Locking 125
6.4.3 Quantitative Assessment of Phase Locking 127
7. Resonance Phenomena in the Brain, Physical Systems,
and Nature 129
7.1 What Is Resonance? 129
7.2 Pioneer Experiments on EEG Brain Resonance Phenomena . . 130
7.2.1 Visual Cortex, Light Stimulation 130
7.2.2 Auditory Cortex, Acoustical Stimulation 134
7.3 The Transfer Function Reflects the Behavior
of Resonant Single Epochs 135
7.4 Multiple Resonances in Different EEG Frequency Bands 136
7.5 Resonance in Technical Systems 137
7.6 Resonance in the Brain as a Modern View 144
XXVIII Table of Contents
Part II. Renaissance of the EEG and Oscillations
8. Event Related Oscillations in the Brain
by E. Ba§ar and S. Karakas. 147
8.1 Induced Rhythms: A Widespread, Heterogeneous Class
of Oscillations 147
8.2 Induced Rhythms: The View of Bullock 148
8.3 Pioneering Studies on Induced Rhythms 150
8.4 Event Related Oscillations and Induced Rhythms
as Important Leitmotifs in this Book 151
9. Correlation Between Unit Activity
and Activity of Neural Populations 153
9.1 Around 10 Hz: Oscillation in Neural Response
Following Light Stimulation 154
9.2 Experiments on the Cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
(Alpha and Beta Responses) 158
9.3 The View of Verzeano 160
9.4 The Gamma Band 162
9.5 The 10 Hz and 6 Hz States at the Membrane Level:
The View of Llinas 164
9.6 Intrinsic 10 Hz Oscillations of Neocortex
Generated by Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons 165
9.7 The Most Recent Developments 167
10. Chaos in Brain Function
by E. Ba§ar and R. Quian Quiroga 169
10.1 Deterministic Chaos 169
10.1.1 Chaos in Everyday Experience 170
10.2 The EEG has Strange Attractors: The EEG is not Noise 171
10.2.1 Some Preliminary Remarks on the Nonlinear
Approach to EEG and Brain Function 172
10.3 New Types of Expressions 172
10.4 Correlation Dimension 176
10.4.1 Computation of the Correlation Dimension 176
10.5 Typical Examples of Chaotic Behavior of EEG 178
10.5.1 Results During Slow Wave Sleep:
Cat Cortex, Hippocampus 178
10.5.2 Very High Frequency Behavior of the Cat s Cerebellar
Cortex and Brainstem 180
10.5.3 Hippocampal Theta Activity: Transitions 183
10.5.4 Correlation Dimension of Alpha Activity:
Brain Alpha Attractor 184
Table of Contents XXIX
10.5.5 An Overview of EEG Investigations by Means of the
Correlation Dimension: A Limited State of the Art ... 188 !
10.6 Lyapunov Exponents 190
10.6.1 Calculating Lyapunov Exponents: The Wolf Method .. 191
10.7 Lyapunov Exponents Applied to Brain Activity 191
10.7.1 Epilepsy 192
10.7.2 Sleep 192
10.7.3 Other Studies 193
10.8 Words of Caution and Remarks Concerning Future Research . 193
Part III. Resonance as the Basic Mechanism
of Oscillatory Responses
11. Brain Synergetics: Frequency Locking of EEG: Order Out
of Chaos 199
11.1 Evoked Frequency Locking 199
11.1.1 Frequency Domain Comparison of EEG and EP 199
11.1.2 Frequency Locking in the Reticular Formation
and Inferior Colliculus During the Waking Stage 201
11.1.3 Frequency Locking in the Alpha Band
in the Auditory Cortex 206
11.2 What Does Evoked Frequency Locking Add to Our
Knowledge? Further Demonstration of the Important
Relation Between EEG and EPs 207
11.2.1 Remarks on the Methodology 207
11.2.2 The Frequency Stabilization Factor 209
11.3 Sensory Induced Frequency Locking 210
11.4 Working Hypothesis on the Relation
Between EPs and the EEG 211
11.5 Synergetics and Laser Theory 214
11.6 The New EP Concept: Contribution of Different EP
Components to the Original Averaged EP 215
12. Major Operating Rhythms (MOR) Control the Shape
and Time Course of Evoked Potentials
by E. Ba§ar, S. Karakas., E. Rahn and M. Schumann 219
12.1 Introduction 219
12.2 A New Approach: An Algorithm for Selective Averaging 220
12.3 Dependence of EP Amplitudes and Waveforms
on the Prestimulus EEG. I. Vertex Recordings 221
12.3.1 Auditory Evoked Potentials 221
12.3.2 Visual Evoked Potentials 224
12.4 Dependence of EP Amplitudes and Waveforms
on the Prestimulus EEG. II. Frontal Visual Evoked Potentials 227
XXX Table of Contents
12.5 Discussion 230
12.5.1 Inverse Relation Between EEG and Visual EP May
Lead to a New Standardization in EP Measurements.. 230
12.5.2 Comments on Experimental Design 231
12.5.3 Frequency Content of EPs from Different Locations:
Major Operating Rhythms (MORs) 233
12.5.4 MOR of Occiput and Central Region (Vertex) 234
12.5.5 Comparison with Results of Other Laboratories
on EEG and EP/ERP Relationships 235
12.5.6 Functional Significance of the EEG EP Interrelation .. 237
12.6 Conclusion 238
13. Oscillatory Brain Responses: Changes with Development
and Aging
by J. Yordanova, V. Kolev and E. Ba§ar 239
13.1 The Aim of the Chapter 239
13.2 Methodological Remarks 239
13.2.1 Analysis of Single Sweep Amplitude and Enhancement 240
13.2.2 Analysis of Single Sweep Phase Locking 241
13.2.3 Statistical Analysis 241
13.3 Spontaneous and Evoked Alpha Activity at Occipital Sites
in Three Age Groups 242
13.4 A Comparative Analysis of Frontal Versus Occipital
10 Hz Activity in Young and Middle Aged Adults 244
13.5 Single Sweep Analysis of Visual EPs
in Young and Middle Aged Adults 245
13.6 The Age Related Changes in the Alpha Activity of the Brain 250
13.7 Alpha Response System and Frontal Lobe Functioning
in Aging 251
14. Brain Response Susceptibility
by E. Ba§ar, J. Yordanova and V. Kolev 253
14.1 Excitability of the Brain: Spontaneous EEG Rhythms
and Evoked Responses 253
14.2 Brain Response Susceptibility 255
14.2.1 EEG in Children Might Provide a Useful Natural
Model for Testing the Hypothesis for Brain Response
Susceptibility 255
14.2.2 Aging and Topology Related Changes in Alpha
Activity and Brain Response Susceptibility 259
14.2.3 Sleep vs. Vigilance Differences as a Model
for Brain Response Susceptibility 261
14.2.4 Pharmacological and Pathological Modulation
of Response Susceptibility 261
14.3 Internal Evoked Potentials 261
Table of Contents XXXI
14.4 Is the Alpha Activity a Control Parameter
for Brain Responses? 262
14.4.1 Models of Alpha Generators 262
14.4.2 Alpha Frequency as a Brain Code 263
14.4.3 A New Insight into the Age Related Changes
in the Alpha Activity of the Brain 263
15. The Evoked Potential Manifests a Superposition
of Event Related Oscillations 265
15.1 The Human Evoked Response Contains Multiple
Oscillatory Responses 265
15.1.1 Two Types of Response Oscillations:
Superposition Principle of Various EP Components
in the Human Brain 266
15.2 P300 Response Manifests Superposition of Frequency
Responses: Delta Response can be Isolated 269
15.2.1 Single Trial ERP Analysis 269
15.3 P300 like Responses to NON TARGET Stimuli 273
15.3.1 Benefits of the Delta Response Metric 273
16. Multiple Sclerosis: Break of the Alpha Response
by C. Ba§ar Eroglu, M. Schiirmann and E. Ba§ar 275
16.1 Introduction 275
16.2 Visual Stimulation: Results 276
16.2.1 Visual EPs: Component Analysis by Means
of Amplitude Frequency Characteristics (Single
Subjects and Mean Values); Statistical Evaluation .... 277
16.2.2 Visual EPs: Component Analysis
by Means of Digital Filtering 278
16.3 Discussion of Results upon Light Stimuli 282
16.3.1 Functional Interpretation of Topographic Differences
of Evoked Oscillations in Cross Modality Experiments
and Functional Deficits in MS 282
16.4 Responses to Auditory Stimulation: Rationale, Results,
and Comparison to Visual Stimulation 283
16.4.1 Auditory EPs: Component Analysis
by Means of Digital Filtering 284
16.4.2 Responses to Auditory Stimulation in Relation
to Responses to Visual Stimulation 284
16.5 Alpha Responses in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pathophysiological
Investigation in the Framework of Brain Dynamics Concepts . 286
XXXII Table of Contents
17. Brain Feynman Diagrams 287
17.1 Brain State Matrix: A Proposal to Approach Brain Function
by Using EEG EP Feynman Diagrams 287
17.2 Major Operating Rhythms (MORs) are to be Considered
in Building Feynman Diagrams 291
18. Oscillatory Components of Evoked Potentials
are Real Brain Responses Related to Function
by E. Ba§ar and M. Schiirmann 293
18.1 Evoked Potentials are Ensembles of Brain Event Related
Oscillations in the Alpha, Theta, Delta, and Gamma Ranges . 293
18.1.1 Justification for the Component Analysis of Evoked
Potentials by Means of Digital Filtering 294
18.1.2 Frequency Analysis of Evoked Potentials Gives
a Cloudy Idea in the Sense of Quantum Physics .... 295
18.1.3 Real Oscillatory Responses are Manifested
Only in Major and Dominant Changes
in the Oscillatory Responses 296
18.2 The Alpha Response in Cross Modality Measurements 296
18.2.1 Intracranial EEG EP Measurements in Cats
(Auditory and Visual Cortex) 297
18.2.2 Alpha Responses in Human EEG and MEG
in Cross Modality Experiments 302
18.2.3 Break of the Alpha Response in Multiple Sclerosis
Patients in Light of Cross Modality Experiments 307
18.2.4 Summary: Oscillatory Responses
in Cross Modality Experiments 308
18.3 Hippocampal Alpha Responses
as Real Brain Oscillatory Responses 309
18.4 Pure Theta Responses 312
18.5 Delta Response: Examples from Experiments
with Cognitive Paradigms 314
18.6 Application of Pharmacological Agents 316
18.7 EP Recordings in Children 318
18.8 Hippocampal EPs: Related to Measurements at the Cellular
Level and Significant for the Question of Volume Conduction 319
18.8.1 Hippocampal EPs in Comparison to Measurements
at the Cellular Level 319
18.8.2 Hippocampal EPs and the Question
of Volume Conduction 320
18.8.3 Summary Concerning Hippocampal EPs 322
18.9 Wavelet Analysis 323
18.9.1 10 Hz Frequency Range 323
18.9.2 Delta Frequency Range: P300 323
Table of Contents XXXIII
18.10 Defined Brain States Show Oscillatory Behavior
Without Filtering 324
18.11 Frequency Components of Evoked Potentials:
Not Harmonics but Real Brain Responses 324
19. Conclusion
by E. Bas.ar and S. Karakas. 327
Toward a Theory of Brain Oscillations 327
References 331
Author Index 357
Subject Index 361
|
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| id | DE-604.BV012298314 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:25:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540643389 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXXIII, 363 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
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| spelling | Başar, Erol 1938- Verfasser (DE-588)118197398 aut Brain function and oscillations 1 Brain oscillations : principles and approaches Erol Başar Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1998 XXXIII, 363 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in synergetics (DE-604)BV012230204 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008338363&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Başar, Erol 1938- Brain function and oscillations |
| title | Brain function and oscillations |
| title_auth | Brain function and oscillations |
| title_exact_search | Brain function and oscillations |
| title_full | Brain function and oscillations 1 Brain oscillations : principles and approaches Erol Başar |
| title_fullStr | Brain function and oscillations 1 Brain oscillations : principles and approaches Erol Başar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain function and oscillations 1 Brain oscillations : principles and approaches Erol Başar |
| title_short | Brain function and oscillations |
| title_sort | brain function and oscillations brain oscillations principles and approaches |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008338363&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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