Adverbial clauses in Scots: a semantic-syntactic study
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Mouton de Gruyter
1999
|
| Series: | Topics in English linguistics
27 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 306 S. |
| ISBN: | 3110156431 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Adverbial clauses in Scots |b a semantic-syntactic study |c by Martina Häcker |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Adverbial clauses in Scots
Autor: Häcker, Martina
Jahr: 1999
Table of contents
Acknowledgements v
List of figures xii
List of tables xii
PART I: SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 1
1. Introduction 3
1.1. Aims and scope of the present study 3
1.2. The history of Scots 5
1.3. Perceptions of Scots and attitudes towards it 6
1.4. The state of Scottish language studies 9
1.5. The grammar of Scots: A neglected field of linguistic research 11
1.6. Methodology 12
1.6.1. Data collection and description: preliminary considerations 12
1.6.1.1. Spoken and written language 12
1.6.1.2. Introspection, elicitation and corpus studies 17
1.6.1.3. Dialect in speech and writing 18
1.6.2. The database: Collection and description 18
1.6.3. Methods of analysis 19
2. Adverbial clauses: Definitions and classifications 21
2.1. The syntactic status of adverbial clauses in grammatical theory 21
2.2. A function-based definition and classification of adverbial clauses 23
2.3. General structural characteristics of adverbial clauses 26
2.4. Clause patterns of adverbial clauses 27
2.4.1. Finite clauses 27
2.4.2. -ing clauses 30
2.4.3. -ed clauses 31
2.4.4. Verbless clauses 32
2.4.5. 7ae-infsnitive clauses 32
2.4.6. F/Mnfinitive clauses 33
2.4.7. Bare infinitive clauses 33
viii Table of contents
2.5. A function-based definition of adverbial subordinators 34
2.6. The morphological structure of adverbial subordinators 37
2.7. Adverbial clauses and polyfunctionality 38
2.7.1. Syntactic polyfunctionality 38
2.7.2. Semantic polyfunctionality 46
2.7.3. Polyfunctionality and the development of adverbial
subordinators 47
PART II: DESCRIPTION 49
3. Semantic categories 51
3.1. Clauses of place 52
3.1.1. Locative relationships 52
3.1.2. Definite place 52
3.1.3. Indefinite place and direction 53
3.1.4. Alternative constructions 55
3.1.5. Differences from Standard English 55
3.2. Clauses of time 56
3.2.1 Temporal relationships 56
3.2.2. Posteriority 56
3.2.3. Overlap of main clause situation and subordinate clause
situation 65
3.2.4. Anteriority 79
3.2.5. Alternative constructions 92
3.2.6. Differences from Standard English 93
3.3. Clauses of condition 98
3.3.1. Conditional relationships 98
3.3.2. Condition proper 98
3.3.2.1. Open condition 99
3.3.2.2. Presupposed condition 107
3.3.2.3. Hypothetical condition 110
3.3.2.4. The verb phrase in conditional sentences 112
3.3.2.5. Alternative constructions 117
3.3.3. Rhetorical condition 118
3.3.4. Alternative condition 119
3.3.5. Indirect condition 121
3.3.6. Differences from Standard English 122
Table of contents ix
3.4. Clauses of restriction 124
3.4.1. Relationships of restriction 124
3.4.2. Restriction of reference 124
3.4.3. Direct restriction of knowledge 125
3.4.4. Indirect restriction of knowledge 125
3.4.5. Differences from Standard English 126
3.5. Clauses of exception 127
3.5.1. Relationship of exception 127
3.5.2. Differences from Standard English 128
3.6. Clauses of comparison 129
3.6.1. Relationships of comparison 129
3.6.2. Manner 129
3.6.3. Similarity 130
3.6.4. Dissimilarity 132
3.6.5. Indirect comparison 134
3.6.6. Differences from Standard English 134
3.7. Clauses of preference 135
3.7.1 Relationship of preference 135
3.7.2. Alternative constructions 137
3.7.3. Differences from Standard English 137
3.8. Clauses of concession 138
3.8.1. Concessive relationships 138
3.8.2. Alternative constructions 146
3.8.3. Differences from Standard English 148
3.9. Clauses of reason 150
3.9.1. Reason relationships 150
3.9.2. Direct reason 150
3.9.3. Indirect reason 165
3.9.4. Differences from Standard English 167
3.10. Clauses of purpose and prevention 169
3.10.1. Relationships of purpose and prevention 169
3.10.2. Direct purpose 169
3.10.3. Prevention 178
3.10.4. Indirect purpose 181
3.10.5. Differences from Standard English 182
3.11. Clauses of result 184
3.11.1
3.11.2
3.11.3
3,12.1
3.12.2
Relationship of result 184
Alternative constructions 189
Differences from Standard English 189
3.12. Clauses of means 190
Relationship of means 190
Differences from Standard English 193
x Table of contents
3.13. Clauses of accompanying circumstance 193
3.13.1. Relationship of accompanying circumstance 193
3.13.2. Differences from Standard English 196
PART III: ANALYSIS 199
4. Variability of patterns 201
4.1. Variation within Scots 201
4.1.1. Regional variation 201
4.1.2. Written versus spoken Scots 202
4.1.3. Change in progress 204
4.2. The diachronic perspective 206
4.2.1. Introduction 206
4.2.2. Adverbial subordinator inventories in English and Scots 209
4.2.3. A comparison of the formation patterns of adverbial sub-
ordinator systems from Old English to present-day English
and Scots 214
4.3. The cross-linguistic perspective: Structural comparison 217
4.3.1. Formation patterns of adverbial subordinators and
adverbial clauses in some European languages 217
4.3.2. The morphological structure of adverbial subordinators in
comparison 220
4.4. The cross-linguistic perspective: Semantic comparison 221
4.4.1. The semantic composition of adverbial subordinator systems 221
4.4.2. Cognitive semantics and the predictability of subordinator
meaning 227
5. Summary and conclusion 236
5.1. Variation in Scots: Qualitative and quantitative differences 236
5.2. Scots and Standard English: Qualitative and quantitative differences 237
5.3. Adverbial clauses in Scots: Possible and probable developments 240
5.4. Adverbial clauses in Scots as a case study in dialect syntax 241
5.5. Adverbial clauses in Scots: Implications for linguistic theory 242
5.6. Areas for future research: Some suggestions 244
Table of contents xi
Appendix: The database 247
1. The spoken corpus 247
2. The written corpus 250
Notes 255
References 267
Maps 287
A note on maps 287
Map 1: Scots dialect regions according to the SND 288
Map 2: Regional divisions based on the present study 289
Map 3: Regional distribution of spoken texts 290
Map 4: Regional distribution of written texts 291
Map 5: Regional distribution of written and spoken texts combined 292
Author Index 293
General Index 296
xii Table of contents
List of figures
Figure 1. The centrality scale of adverbial clauses
Figure 2. Subordinator?co-ordinator?conjunct triangle
24
45
List of tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 36.
The gradience of clause integration in linguistic theory
The centrality scales of adverbial clauses in different linguistic
theories
Temporal subordinators introducing finite clauses in Scots and
English
The division of the temporal semantic field in Scots and English
Frequency of major temporal relationships in written and spoken
Scots and English
The temporal-conditional semantic field in Scots and English
Frequency and function offor all {that) and as far as in LOB,
Brown and LLC
Concessive clauses introducing finite clauses in Scots and
English
Frequency of because, for, as, and since introducing clauses of
reason in Scots and English
Frequency of clauses of purpose in Scots and English
Frequency of clauses of result in Scots and English
Frequency of zero-introduced clauses of means in Scots and
English
Frequency of clauses of accompanying circumstance in Scots
and English
Proportional Relationships of subordinators of time, reason,
condition, and concession in a selection of European languages
Proportional relationship between polyftmctional and mono-
functional subordinators of time, reason, condition, and
concession
The most frequent adverbial relationships in -ing clauses, -ed
clauses, and verbless clauses in Scots and English
22
24
95
96
97
123
126
149
168
183
190
193
197
223
224
240
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| spelling | Häcker, Martina 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)120738961 aut Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study by Martina Häcker Berlin [u.a.] Mouton de Gruyter 1999 XII, 306 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Topics in English linguistics 27 Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., veränd. Diss., 1995 Bijwoordelijke bijzinnen gtt Schots (Engels) gtt Scots language Adverbials Scots language Clauses Scots language Semantics Scots language Syntax Adverbialsatz (DE-588)4154441-9 gnd rswk-swf Schottisch (DE-588)4127854-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Schottisch (DE-588)4127854-9 s Adverbialsatz (DE-588)4154441-9 s DE-604 Topics in English linguistics 27 (DE-604)BV004173149 27 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008304702&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Häcker, Martina 1956- Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study Topics in English linguistics Bijwoordelijke bijzinnen gtt Schots (Engels) gtt Scots language Adverbials Scots language Clauses Scots language Semantics Scots language Syntax Adverbialsatz (DE-588)4154441-9 gnd Schottisch (DE-588)4127854-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4154441-9 (DE-588)4127854-9 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study |
| title_auth | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study |
| title_exact_search | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study |
| title_full | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study by Martina Häcker |
| title_fullStr | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study by Martina Häcker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverbial clauses in Scots a semantic-syntactic study by Martina Häcker |
| title_short | Adverbial clauses in Scots |
| title_sort | adverbial clauses in scots a semantic syntactic study |
| title_sub | a semantic-syntactic study |
| topic | Bijwoordelijke bijzinnen gtt Schots (Engels) gtt Scots language Adverbials Scots language Clauses Scots language Semantics Scots language Syntax Adverbialsatz (DE-588)4154441-9 gnd Schottisch (DE-588)4127854-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bijwoordelijke bijzinnen Schots (Engels) Scots language Adverbials Scots language Clauses Scots language Semantics Scots language Syntax Adverbialsatz Schottisch Hochschulschrift |
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