Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam
Amsterdam Univ. Press
1998
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 382 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9053562753 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
EXTENDED TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES xvii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1
GLOSSARY 3
PROLOGUE: THE NETHERLANDS AND THE DUTCH 9
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 15
1.1 What this book is about and for whom it is intended 15
1.2 The definition of euthanasia and of other medical behavior that shortens life
(MBSL) 17
1.3 A sketch of the current legal situation 18
1.4 Criticisms from abroad and the Dutch reaction 20
INTERMEZZO: THE DUTCH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND THE CARE OF THE
TERMINALLY ILL 31
A. The Dutch health care system 31
B. Institutions for health care and care of the elderly 33
C. Health care professionals 35
CHAPTER 2: LEGAL CHANGE 1945 1997 43
2.1 1945 1970: How room for public debate became available 44
2.2 1970 1982: The early stages of public debate 50
2.3 1982 1986: The breakthrough 61
2.3.1 The justification of necessity and the requirements of careful practice 61
2.3.2 The definition of euthanasia and initial proposals for legislation 68
2.4 1986 1997: Efforts to codify emerging practice in legislation; broadening the
subject of debate 73
2.5 Concluding remarks on the process of legal change 86
CHAPTER 3: THE CURRENT LEGAL SITUATION 89
3.1 A summary of current law concerning medical behavior that shortens life 91
3.1.1 Normal medical practice , the medical exception and a natural death 91
3.1.2 The concept medical behavior that shortens life (MBSL) 92
3.1.3 Euthanasia 98
3.1.4 Euthanasia versus assistance with suicide 111
3.2 The reporting procedure 114
3.3 The CAL and NVK reports: law in statu nascendi 118
3.3.1 The legitimacy of decisions to shorten life in the absence of a competent request 119
3.3.2 Severely defective newborn babies (and late abortion) 123
3.3.3 Coma (PVS) patients 127
3.3.4 Help in dying 131
3.3.5 Assessment of the approach of the CAL and NVK reports 133
3.4 The demented elderly 134
3.5 Euthanasia in the absence of somatic suffering 139
3.5.1 Persons whose suffering is due to a psychiatric disorder 141
3.5.2 The legal horizon: assistance with suicide by the non sick and the non suffering 152
3.6 Conclusion 154
CHAPTER 4: THE TERMS OF DEBATE SINCE 1982 157
4.1 Distinguishing euthanasia from other MBSL 157
4.1.1 Killing versus letting die 158
4.1.2 Intentionally shortening life 162
4.1.3 Conclusion 166
4.2 The most important arguments since 1982 167
4.2.1 The principle of autonomy 168
4.2.2 The principle of beneficence 172
4.2.3 The principle of the sanctity of life 174
4.2.4 The slippery slope argument 177
4.2.5 Control arguments 180
4.3 A fundamental difference of opinion? 182
4.3.1 The nature of a question of legal policy 182
4.3.2 A quest for common ground 184
4.3.3 The appeal to tolerance 186
4.3.4 Respect for life 189
4.3.5 Conclusion 195
CHAPTER 5: WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT MEDICAL PRACTICE AND ITS REGULATION? 197
5.1 Public opinion concerning euthanasia and other MBSL 198
5.2 The first national survey: euthanasia by GPs and nursing home doctors 202
5.3 Two major national surveys of MBSL 207
5.3.1 Euthanasia and other MBSL: frequencies, circumstances and characteristics 210
5.3.2 Termination of life without an explicit request 226
5.3.3 Severely defective newborn babies (and late abortion) 229
5.3.4 Psychiatric patients and patients with a psychiatric disorder 233
5.3.5 The control system and its operation in practice 236
5.4 Other recent research 246
5.4.1 Communication between doctor and patient 246
5.4.2 The euthanasia policy of hospitals and nursing homes 248
5.4.3 The role of pharmacists 251
5.4.4 Institutionalized, mentally handicapped patients 252
5.5 Summary and conclusions 252
CHAPTER 6: EUTHANASIA AND OTHER MEDICAL BEHAVIOR THAT SHORTENS
LIFE AS A PROBLEM OF REGULATION 259
6.1 Criteria for a control system 259
6.1.1 What are the objectives of legal control? 260
6.1.2 What should we expect of a regulatory regime? 264
6.2 Criminal law is the problem, not the solution 267
6.2.1 The regulatory situation recapitulated 268
6.2.2 The intrinsic unsuitability of criminal law 269
6.2.3 The impossibility of enforcing criminal prohibitions 274
6.2.4 Control in the context of criminal enforcement offers the doctor insufficient legal
security 276
6.2.5 Can tinkering with the reporting procedure improve the effectiveness of criminal
enforcement? 278
6.2.6 Would legalizing euthanasia help? 282
6.2.7 A final verdict on criminal enforcement of legal requirements concerning MBSL 284
6.3 Decriminalization and the prospects of non criminal enforcement 284
6.3.1 Legalization, decriminalization, and the medical exception 285
6.3.2 A system of decriminalized enforcement 288
6.3.3 A uniform regulatory regime for all MBSL? 296
6.4 Conclusion 298
CHAPTER 7: TWO REFLECTIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DUTCH
EXPERIENCE 299
7.1 Whither leads the slippery slope? 299
7.2 Is euthanasia law exportable? 304
APPENDIX I: SOME RELEVANT LEGAL DOCUMENTS 307
A. Articles 40,228(1), 255,287,289,293,294 and 307 of the Criminal Code 307
B. The amendment to the Law on the Disposal of Corpses and the Order in Council
pursuant to the law 308
C. Some legislative proposals 314
1 The proposal of the State Commission on Euthanasia (1985) 314
2 The proposal of Wessel Tuinstra (1984 1986) 316
3 The proposal of the Dutch Association for Voluntary Euthanasia (1996) 318
APPENDIX II: THREE LEADING CASES 321
1 Schoonheim (Supreme Court 1984) 322
2 Chabot (Supreme Court 1994) 329
3 Kadijk (Court of Appeals, Leeuwarden, 1996) 341
LITERATURE 353
INDEX 377
Extended Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES xvii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1
GLOSSARY 3
PROLOGUE: THE NETHERLANDS AND THE DUTCH 9
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 15
1.1 What this book is about and for whom it is intended 15
1.2 The definition of euthanasia and of other medical behavior that shortens life
(MBSL) 17
1.3 A sketch of the current legal situation 18
1.4 Criticisms from abroad and the Dutch reaction 20
INTERMEZZO: THE DUTCH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND THE CARE OF THE
TERMINALLY ILL 31
A The Dutch health care system 31
Public health 31
Access to health care 31
The cost of health care 32
The organization of health care 32
B Institutions for health care and care of the elderly 33
Hospitals 33
Nursing homes (verpleeghuizen) 34
Residential homes (verzorgingshuizen) 34
Where do people die? 35
C Health care professionals 35
Doctors 36
General Practitioners (huisartsen) 37
Specialists 38
Nursing home doctors 38
Nurses 38
Pharmacists 39
Coroners 39
The Medical Inspectorate and Medical Disciplinary Law 40
CHAPTER 2: LEGAL CHANGE 1945 1997 43
2.1 1945 1970: How room for public debate became available 44
Introduction 44
The legalization of abortion 45
Changes in medical practice in the 1960s 46
The case of Mia Versluis: before terminating life support a doctor must consult other
doctors and inform the patient s family 47
The formulation of new ideas on the doctor patient relationship 48
To sum up 49
2.2 1970 1982: The early stages of public debate 50
Introduction 50
The first advisory reports on euthanasia 50
The Postma case and other cases involving violation of articles 293 and 294 51
The report of the Medical Association of 1975 54
A case of indirect euthanasia 54
The positions taken by various organizations 55
Doctors and euthanasia 56
Attention for assistance with suicide 57
The Wertheim case andprosecutorialpolicy 58
To sum up 60
2.3 1982 1986: The breakthrough 61
2.3.1 The justification of necessity and the requirements of careful practice 61
Legal doctrines available for legitimizing euthanasia 61
The Schoonheim case: euthanasia can be justifiable 62
The Pols case: euthanasia does not fall within the medical exception 63
The report of the Medical Association of 1984: formulation of the requirements of
careful practice 65
The Admiraal case: a doctor who met the requirements of careful practice will be
acquitted 66
2.3.2 The definition of euthanasia and initial proposals for legislation 68
Introduction 68
The Health Council report of 1982 68
The Wessel Tuinstra bill 69
The State Commission on Euthanasia 69
Euthanasia is not a natural cause of death 72
To sum up 73
2.4 1986 1997: Efforts to codify emerging practice in legislation; broadening the
subject of debate 73
Introduction 73
Political responses to the report of the State Commission 74
The reaction of the Dutch Association for Voluntary Euthanasia 76
Prelude to a national study ofMBSL 76
The Stinissen case: artificial feeding is medical treatment 11
The report of the Retnmelink Commission and the Government s reaction 78
The legislation of 1993 79
The Chabot case: assistance with suicide in cases of non somatic suffering 80
Reports on problematic categories ofMBSL 82
The Prins and Kadijk cases: termination of life without an explicit request in the case
of severely defective newborn babies 83
A second national study ofMBSL 84
To sum up 85
2.5 Concluding remarks on the process of legal change 86
CHAPTER 3: THE CURRENT LEGAL SITUATION 89
3.1 A summary of current law concerning medical behavior that shortens life 91
3.1.1 Normal medical practice , the medical exception and a natural death 91
3.1.2 The concept medical behavior that shortens life (MBSL) 92
The patient refuses (further) life prolonging treatment 93
Normal medical practice 95
Termination of life 96
3.1.3 Euthanasia 98
Substantive requirements 100
Procedural and professional requirements ( requirements of careful practice ) 104
The patient s right to euthanasia 107
The legal position of third parties 108
3.1.4 Euthanasia versus assistance with suicide 111
3.2 The reporting procedure 114
3.3 The CAL and NVK reports: law in statu nascendi 118
3.3.1 The legitimacy of decisions to shorten life in the absence of a competent request 119
3.3.2 Severely defective newborn babies (and late abortion) 123
3.3.3 Coma (PVS) patients 127
3.3.4 Help in dying 131
3.3.5 Assessment of the approach of the CAL and NVK reports 133
3.4 The demented elderly 134
3.5 Euthanasia in the absence of somatic suffering 139
3.5.1 Persons whose suffering is due to a psychiatric disorder 141
Competence 144
Suffering 146
Treatment perspective 146
Institutionalized patients 147
Non psychiatrists 148
Consultation 148
Other requirements of careful practice 149
The Chabot case 149
Killing on request or assistance with suicide? 151
Why psychiatrists? 151
3.5.2 The legal horizon: assistance with suicide by the non sick and the non suffering 152
3.6 Conclusion 154
CHAPTER 4: THE TERMS OF DEBATE SINCE 1982 157
4.1 Distinguishing euthanasia from other MBSL 157
4.1.1 Killing versus letting die 158
4.1.2 Intentionally shortening life 162
4.1.3 Conclusion 166
4.2 The most important arguments since 1982 167
4.2.1 The principle of autonomy 168
4.2.2 The principle of beneficence 172
4.2.3 The principle of the sanctity of life 174
4.2.4 The slippery slope argument 177
4.2.5 Control arguments 180
4.3 A fundamental difference of opinion? 182
4.3.1 The nature of a question of legal policy 182
4.3.2 A quest for common ground 184
4.3.3 The appeal to tolerance 186
4.3.4 Respect for life 189
4.3.5 Conclusion 195
CHAPTER 5: WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT MEDICAL PRACTICE AND ITS REGULATION? 197
5.1 Public opinion concerning euthanasia and other MBSL 198
Severely defective newborn babies 200
Coma patients 200
Psychiatric patients 200
Senile dementia 200
The elderly who wish to determine the time of their death 200
5.2 The first national survey: euthanasia by GPs and nursing home doctors 202
Euthanasia and assistance with suicide by GPs 203
Euthanasia and assistance with suicide by nursing home doctors 206
5.3 Two major national surveys of MBSL 207
Medical behavior that shortens life (MBSL) 208
The intent of the doctor 208
5.3.1 Euthanasia and other MBSL: frequencies, circumstances and characteristics 210
NTBR practice 215
The requirements of careful practice 216
Consultation 219
Carrying out euthanasia 221
Characteristics of persons who die as a result of a MBSL 222
5.3.2 Termination of life without an explicit request 226
5.3.3 Severely defective newborn babies (and late abortion) 229
5.3.4 Psychiatric patients and patients with a psychiatric disorder 233
5.3.5 The control system and its operation in practice 236
Self reporting by doctors 236
The role of the coroner 240
Prosecutorial decision making 241
Outcomes of criminal prosecutions 245
The role of medical disciplinary law 245
Overall assessment of the reporting procedure 245
5.4 Other recent research 246
5.4.1 Communication between doctor and patient 246
5.4.2 The euthanasia policy of hospitals and nursing homes 248
5.4.3 The role of pharmacists 251
5.4.4 Institutionalized, mentally handicapped patients 252
5.5 Summary and conclusions 252
CHAPTER 6: EUTHANASIA AND OTHER MEDICAL BEHAVIOR THAT SHORTENS
LIFE AS A PROBLEM OF REGULATION 259
6.1 Criteria for a control system 259
6.1.1 What are the objectives of legal control? 260
6.1.2 What should we expect of a regulatory regime? 264
Reasonably effective control 264
Adaptation to the demands of the behavioral situation 264
Active support from the medical profession 266
Public confidence 267
6.2 Criminal law is the problem, not the solution 267
6.2.1 The regulatory situation recapitulated 268
6.2.2 The intrinsic unsuitability of criminal law 269
Conceptual incongruity 269
System resistance to inappropriate use 273
6.2.3 The impossibility of enforcing criminal prohibitions 274
6.2.4 Control in the context of criminal enforcement offers the doctor insufficient legal
security 276
6.2.5 Can tinkering with the reporting procedure improve the effectiveness of criminal
enforcement? 278
6.2.6 Would legalizing euthanasia help? 282
6.2.7 A final verdict on criminal enforcement of legal requirements concerning MBSI. 284
6.3 Decriminalization and the prospects of non criminal enforcement 284
6.3.1 Legalization, decriminalization, and the medical exception 285
6.3.2 A system of decriminalized enforcement 288
6.3.3 A uniform regulatory regime for all MBSL? 296
6.4 Conclusion 298
CHAPTER 7: TWO REFLECTIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DUTCH
EXPERIENCE 299
7.1 Whither leads the slippery slope? 299
7.2 Is euthanasia law exportable? 304
APPENDIX I: SOME RELEVANT LEGAL DOCUMENTS 307
A Articles 40,228( 1), 255,287,289,293,294 and 307 of the Criminal Code 307
B The amendment to the Law on the Disposal of Corpses and the Order in Council
pursuant to the law 308
The amended Law 308
The Order in Council pursuant to the Law 309
C Some legislative proposals 314
1 The proposal of the State Commission on Euthanasia (1985) 314
2 The proposal ofWessel Tuinstra (1984 1986) 316
3 The proposal of the Dutch Association for Voluntary Euthanasia (1996) 318
APPENDIX II: THREE LEADING CASES 321
1 Schoonheim (Supreme Court 1984) 322
1 Procedure 322
2 Facts 323
3 The opinion of the Supreme Court 324
3.1 The meaning of taking another person s life 324
3.2 Absence of substantial violation of the law 325
3.3 The justification of necessity 326
3.4 Judgment 328
2 Chabot (Supreme Court 1994) 329
1 Procedure 329
2 Facts 329
3 The opinion of the Supreme Court 333
3.1 General considerations 333
3.2 The justifiability of assistance with suicide in the case of non somatic suffering
and a patient who is not in the terminal phase 334
3.3 The voluntariness of the request in the case of a psychiatric patient 335
3.4 Judgment 337
4 The medical disciplinary proceedings against Chabot 338
3 Kadijk (Court of Appeals, Leeuwarden, 1996) 341
1 Procedure 341
2 Facts 342
3 The opinion of the Court of Appeals 344
3.1 Defendant s request to dismiss the prosecution 344
3.2 The meaning of taking another person s life 346
3.3 Appeal to the medical exception 347
3.4 The defence of necessity 348
3.5 Judgment 350
3.6 Additional consideration 351
LITERATURE 353
INDEX 377
|
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| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XV, 382 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Amsterdam Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Griffiths, John Verfasser aut Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands John Griffiths ; Alex Bood ; Heleen Weyers Euthansia & law in the Netherlands Amsterdam Amsterdam Univ. Press 1998 XV, 382 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Euthanasie - Droit - Pays-Bas Euthanasie gtt Rechtsontwikkeling gtt Recht Euthanasia Law and legislation Netherlands Euthanasia legislation & jurisprudence Netherlands Sterbehilfe (DE-588)4077877-0 gnd rswk-swf Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 g Sterbehilfe (DE-588)4077877-0 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s DE-604 Bood, Alex Verfasser aut Weyers, Heleen Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008276451&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Griffiths, John Bood, Alex Weyers, Heleen Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands Euthanasie - Droit - Pays-Bas Euthanasie gtt Rechtsontwikkeling gtt Recht Euthanasia Law and legislation Netherlands Euthanasia legislation & jurisprudence Netherlands Sterbehilfe (DE-588)4077877-0 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077877-0 (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4042203-3 |
| title | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands |
| title_alt | Euthansia & law in the Netherlands |
| title_auth | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands |
| title_exact_search | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands |
| title_full | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands John Griffiths ; Alex Bood ; Heleen Weyers |
| title_fullStr | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands John Griffiths ; Alex Bood ; Heleen Weyers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands John Griffiths ; Alex Bood ; Heleen Weyers |
| title_short | Euthanasia and law in the Netherlands |
| title_sort | euthanasia and law in the netherlands |
| topic | Euthanasie - Droit - Pays-Bas Euthanasie gtt Rechtsontwikkeling gtt Recht Euthanasia Law and legislation Netherlands Euthanasia legislation & jurisprudence Netherlands Sterbehilfe (DE-588)4077877-0 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Euthanasie - Droit - Pays-Bas Euthanasie Rechtsontwikkeling Recht Euthanasia Law and legislation Netherlands Euthanasia legislation & jurisprudence Netherlands Sterbehilfe Niederlande |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008276451&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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