Skeletal tissue mechanics:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer
1998
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 392 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0387984747 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Martin, R. Bruce |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Skeletal tissue mechanics |c R. Bruce Martin ; David B. Burr ; Neil A. Sharkey |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 392 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Biomechanics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bone and Bones |x physiology | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Bones |x Mechanical properties | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cartilage |x Mechanical properties | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cartilage |x physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cartilage |x physiology |v examination questions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Joints |x physiology | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1. Forces in Joints 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Static Analysis of Forces in Joints 1
Forces in the Elbow Joint 1
Forces in the Hip Joint 6
Clinical Significance of High Joint Forces 10
1.3 Hip Forces in Human Ancestors 11
1.4 The Three Force Rule 14
1.5 Indeterminate Joint Problems 16
1.6 Equine Fetlock Forces 20
1.7 Summary and Further Reading 23
1.8 Exercises 24
Chapter 2. Skeletal Biology 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 The Shapes of Bones 30
2.3 Types of Bone Tissue 31
Trabecular Vs. Compact Bone 32
Lamellar Vs. Woven Bone 34
Primary Vs. Secondary Bone 37
2.4 Composition of Bone 39
Quantitative Representation of Bone Composition 40
Basic Stereology 42
2.5 Bone Cells 44
2.6 Cartilage 50
Composition of Cartilage 50
Mechanical Significance of Cartilage 52
Organization of Articular Cartilage 53
The Role of Cartilage in Growth 55
2.7 Longitudinal Growth of Bones 55
ix
x Contents
Development of Metaphyseal Trabeculae 58
Growth of the Physis 59
Closure of the Physes 59
2.8 Modeling and Remodeling of Bone 60
Modeling Vs. Remodeling 60
Modeling 6l
Remodeling 62
Cellular Events in Modeling and Remodeling 65
Skeletal Envelopes and Senile Bone Loss 66
Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon 66
2.9 Fracture Healing 66
Basic Concepts 67
Important Tissues in Fracture Healing 68
Three Biological Phases 69
Four Biomechanical Stages 72
2.10 Summary and Further Reading 77
2.11 Exercises 77
Chapter 3. Analysis of Bone Remodeling 79
3.1 Introduction 79
The A R F Sequence 80
Osteonal Origins and Trajectories 83
Remodeling Cycle Duration 84
3.2 Histomorphometric Measurement of Osteonal Remodeling 86
Assumptions 86
Measurements 88
Calculating BMU Level Results 89
Calculating Tissue Level Results 91
Label Escape Error 92
True Vs. Histologic BMU Activation Frequency 93
3.3 Remodeling Details 96
Activation: What Initiates New BMUs? 96
Resorption: Out with the Old 98
Refilling: In with the New 101
3.4 Long Term Effects of Osteonal Remodeling:
Implications for the Aging Skeleton 112
Osteonal Overlapping 113
The Random Remodeling Assumption 114
Mathematical Theories 114
Comparison of the Theoretical Results with Experimental
Data 117
Another Theoretical Approach to Bone Remodeling 120
3 5 Summary and Further Reading 122
3.6 Exercises 123
Contents xi
Chapter 4. Mechanical Properties of Bone 127
4.1 Introduction 127
4.2 Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics 127
Strength and Stiffness of a Structure 128
Stress and Strain 129
Principal Directions 131
Strength and Stiffness of a Material 131
Generalized Hooke s Law: Anisotropy 133
4.3 Determinants of the Strength of a Whole Bone 134
Mechanics 134
Examples I36
Mechanical Failure of Whole Bones 139
Relationship to Modeling and Remodeling 142
4.4 Material Properties of Cortical Bone 143
Properties of Individual Secondary Osteons 144
Effects of Osteons on Bone Mechanical Properties 148
Anisotropy of Cortical Bone Mechanical Properties 151
Determinants of Osteonal Bone s Mechanical Properties 156
4.5 Material Properties of Cancellous Bone 165
Stress Strain Curves for Cancellous Bone 165
The Three Determinants of Cancellous Bone Mechanical
Properties 168
Modeling Cancellous Bone as a Cellular System of
Plates or Struts 174
Invariance of Yield Strain 175
4.6 Predicting Material Properties: Bone as a Composite Material 176
4.7 Summary and Additional Reading 177
4.8 Exercises 178
Chapter 5. Fatigue and Fracture Resistance of Bone 181
5.1 Introduction 181
5.2 Basic Fracture Mechanics 182
Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 183
It Takes Energy to Propagate a Crack 188
Beyond the Linear Theory: Real Cracks Have Ears 189
Crack Growth and Fatigue 191
5.3 Fatigue Behavior of Bone 191
The S N Curve 191
Fatigue Damage in Bone 192
5.4 Creep Behavior of Bone and its Relationship to Fatigue 193
5.5 Fatigue Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates 196
The Birth and Growth of Cracks 197
Material Strength and Fiber Diameter 197
The Road to Failure 198
xii Contents
5.6 Osteonal Bone as a Fibrous Lamellar Composite Material 200
Osteonal Bone s Road to Failure 200
Bone Toughness 202
Controlled Crack Propagation Studies 202
Mathematical Analysis of Osteonal Pullout 203
Comparing Theory with Data 204
Crack Initiation 206
Crack Stopping 207
Strain Rate 208
Effect of Remodeling 208
5.7 Modeling Fatigue Damage Effects in Osteonal Bone 209
Why Would Cracks Be Stopped in Tension but Not in
Compression? 212
If Cracks Are Self Limiting in Tensile Fatigue but Not in
Compressive Fatigue, Why Is Fatigue Life Longer in
Compression Than in Tension? 213
5.8 The Role of Fatigue in Activating Bone Remodeling 214
Random or Directed Repair 214
The Historical Perspective 215
Microdamage and Bone Fragility in the Elderly 216
5.9 Modeling Stress Fractures 217
5.10 Summary and Additional Reading 222
5.12 Exercises 223
Chapter 6. Mechanical Adaptability of the Skeleton 225
6.1 Introduction 225
6.2 The Historical Context 226
The Mechanical Adaptability Hypothesis 230
Clinical Problems and Mechanical Adaptability 232
6.3 Self Correction of Abnormally Curved Bones 233
Frost s Flexural Neutralization Theory 233
Stress Gradients and Fluid Flows 234
Related Experimental Results 236
6.4 Some Important Experiments 237
Measurement of Strain in Living Animals 237
Osteotomy Experiments: Surgically Overloaded Bones 240
Canine Disuse Experiments 241
The Porcine Exercise Experiment 242
Avian Isolated Ulna Experiments 242
Rat Tibia Bending Experiments 243
Summary 244
6.5 Some Additional Theories 245
Pauwels Stress Magnitude Theory: Control of Modeling Drifts 245
Adaptive Elasticity Theory: Control of Density or
Modeling Drifts 247
Contents xiii
What Controls Osteonal Tunneling Directions? 248
Adaptive Finite Element Models: Control of Density 251
Self Trabeculating Models: Control of Density and
Trabecular Alignment 254
Synthesis 259
Frost s Mechanostat Theory 260
Relationship of Mechanically Adaptive Responses to
Other Control Factors 262
Mechanical Adaptability and Damage Repair 263
6.6 Mechanical Adaptability in Cartilage 264
The Carter Wong Chondral Calcification Theory 264
Frost s Chondral Modeling Theory 266
6.7 Mechanical Adaptability and Evolutionary Adaptability 268
Somatic Vs. Evolutionary Adaptation 268
A Nonskeletal Example 269
Somatic Change in the Skeleton 270
Somatic Vs. Evolutionary Effects 270
6.8 Summary and Further Reading 271
6.9 Exercises 271
Chapter 7. Synovial Joint Mechanics 275
7.1 Introduction 275
Functions of a Joint 276
Joint Diseases 276
7.2 Mechanical Properties of Cartilage 278
Initial Points 278
Structure of Articular Cartilage 279
Permeability 280
Indentation Testing 281
Tensile Tests 281
Biphasic Theory of Articular Cartilage 283
7.3 Lubrication of Joints 289
Friction 289
Wear 290
Types of Lubrication 291
Synovial Joint Lubrication 300
Diversity of Joint Architecture 303
7.4 Summary and Further Reading 305
7.5 Exercises 305
Chapter 8. Mechanical Properties of Ligament and Tendon 309
8.1 Introduction 309
8.2 Functional Considerations 310
Ligament 310
xiv Contents
Tendon 310
8.3 Structure and Composition 311
Ligament 311
Tendon 312
8.4 Mechanical Behavior 315
Quasistatic Tensile Properties 315
Viscoelastic Properties 318
Mathematical Modeling 320
Age and Mechanical Behavior 323
8.5 Mechanical Testing 324
Determination of Resting Length 326
Architectural Implications 326
Testing Environment 327
8.6 Functions at the Junctions 329
The Myotendinous Junction 329
Insertions: Sites of Ligament to Bone and Tendon to Bone
Attachment 330
8.7 Functional Adaptation and Specialization 332
Determinants of Tendon Architecture 333
Sites of Tendon Compression 335
Flexors and Extensors 338
8.8 Pathology and Healing 339
Ligament 339
Tendon 340
Immobilization, Exercise, and Passive Motion 340
8.9 Surgical Repair 342
Anterior Cruciate Ligament 342
Supraspinatus Tendon (Rotator Cuff) 344
Flexor Tendons of the Hand 345
8.10 Summary and Further Reading 346
8.11 Exercises 347
Bibliography 349
Index 381
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:23:37Z |
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| isbn | 0387984747 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Martin, R. Bruce Verfasser aut Skeletal tissue mechanics R. Bruce Martin ; David B. Burr ; Neil A. Sharkey New York [u.a.] Springer 1998 XIV, 392 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biomechanics Bone and Bones physiology Bone and Bones physiology examination questions Bones Mechanical properties Cartilage Mechanical properties Cartilage physiology Cartilage physiology examination questions Joints physiology Joints physiology examination questions Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd rswk-swf Skelett (DE-588)4133111-4 gnd rswk-swf Knochen (DE-588)4128031-3 gnd rswk-swf Skelett (DE-588)4133111-4 s Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 s DE-604 Knochen (DE-588)4128031-3 s Burr, David B. Verfasser aut Sharkey, Neil A. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008273326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Martin, R. Bruce Burr, David B. Sharkey, Neil A. Skeletal tissue mechanics Biomechanics Bone and Bones physiology Bone and Bones physiology examination questions Bones Mechanical properties Cartilage Mechanical properties Cartilage physiology Cartilage physiology examination questions Joints physiology Joints physiology examination questions Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd Skelett (DE-588)4133111-4 gnd Knochen (DE-588)4128031-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006880-8 (DE-588)4133111-4 (DE-588)4128031-3 |
| title | Skeletal tissue mechanics |
| title_auth | Skeletal tissue mechanics |
| title_exact_search | Skeletal tissue mechanics |
| title_full | Skeletal tissue mechanics R. Bruce Martin ; David B. Burr ; Neil A. Sharkey |
| title_fullStr | Skeletal tissue mechanics R. Bruce Martin ; David B. Burr ; Neil A. Sharkey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal tissue mechanics R. Bruce Martin ; David B. Burr ; Neil A. Sharkey |
| title_short | Skeletal tissue mechanics |
| title_sort | skeletal tissue mechanics |
| topic | Biomechanics Bone and Bones physiology Bone and Bones physiology examination questions Bones Mechanical properties Cartilage Mechanical properties Cartilage physiology Cartilage physiology examination questions Joints physiology Joints physiology examination questions Biomechanik (DE-588)4006880-8 gnd Skelett (DE-588)4133111-4 gnd Knochen (DE-588)4128031-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biomechanics Bone and Bones physiology Bone and Bones physiology examination questions Bones Mechanical properties Cartilage Mechanical properties Cartilage physiology Cartilage physiology examination questions Joints physiology Joints physiology examination questions Biomechanik Skelett Knochen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008273326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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