Biology by numbers: an encouragement to quantitative thinking
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, New York, Oakleigh
Cambridge University Press
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. published |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 238 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 0521571561 0521576989 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Biology by numbers
an encouragement to quantitative thinking
RICHARD F JJURTON
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS
Preface xi
A guide to the book xv
1 Putting two and two together l
1 1 Darwin s earthworms 1
1 2 An inordinate fondness for beetles 4
1 3 The extinction of birds on Hawaiian islands 6
1 4 Pollen and honeybees 8
1 5 Estimating the sizes ofredwoods and whales 10
1 6 Plant productivity and use of solar energy 11
1 7 The number ofcells in the human body 14
1 8 William Harvey and the circulation of the blood 15
1 9 How our kidneys work 17
1 10 Calcium, and the small litter sizes of bats 20
1 11 Conclusions concerning biological arithmetic 22
2 Units, formulae and the use of old envelopes: confronting
some obstacles to quantitative thinking 23
2 1 Units of measurement 25
2 2 Checking formulae for consistency of units; avoiding errors
in calculation 27
2 3 Identifying appropriate units for unfamiliar quantities 29
2 4 Dimensional analysis 31
2 5 Approximate arithmetic 33
2 6 Cultivating a feeling for magnitudes 36
2 7 Looking at an equation 37
3 Aspects of energy metabolism 44
3 1 Energy from food 44
3 2 Basal metabolic rate 46
viii Contents
3 3 Fat storage and the control of appetite 48
3 4 Birds eggs and respiratory quotients 49
4 Gettingthings in proportion 51
4 1 Aspects ofhuman heat and energy balance 51
4 2 Fat as an aid to buoyancy in water 53
4 3 Buoyancy in fish 54
4 4 Temperature, metabolism and buoyancy-a general formula 57
4 5 Blood volumes of snails 58
4 6 Blood volumes and animal populations- another general
approach 59
5 Perilous percentages, dangerous ratios 61
5 1 Some general points 61
5 2 Dangers in treating losses of body heat in terms of percentages 62
5 3 Organ mass as a percentage of body mass- the gonosomatic
index 63
5 4 An organ ofvariable composition-the snail s albumen gland 66
5 5 The composition of milk 68
6 Building a trophic pyramid 69
6 1 The smaller mass of predators than of prey 70
6 2 Populations of grazers on grassland 73
6 3 The base of the pyramid 77
7 Sodium in animals and plants 81
7 1 Sodium in herbivorous insects 81
7 2 The puddling behaviour of moths 82
7 3 The importance of sodium in the diet of moose 84
7 4 The distribution of sodium in the human body 86
8 Exchanges of water and carbon dioxide 87
8 1 Transpiration and photosynthesis 88
8 2 The dependence of plant productivity on rainfall 92
8 3 Solar energy used in transpiration and photosynthesis 94
8 4 The role of breathing in mammalian water balance 95
8 5 Water balance in foraging bumblebees 97
9 A geometric series 100
9 1 More approximate arithmetic 100
9 2 Darwin, Linnaeus and Malthus 102
Contents ix
9 3 Ancestors and inbreeding 104
9 4 The penetration of sunlight through water 105
9 5 Fish and probabilities 106
9 6 The genetic code 107
9 7 Final comments 107
10 Introduction to logarithms 108
10 1 Alogarithm to remember 110
10 2 A note on natural logarithms 111
11 Bringing logarithms to life 113
11 1 How do logarithms come into biology? 113
11 2 How else do logarithms come into biology? 117
11 3 The growth of insects 117
11 4 The sizes ofNew Guinea fruit pigeons 119
11 5 Logarithms and sensation 72i
12 Exponential relationships 124
12 1 Basic mathematics i24
12 2 An exponential increase: pollen grains in a sequence of sediments 127
12 3 An exponential decrease: dung flies and the attractiveness of dung 128
12 4 An exponential decline: the viability of seeds in soil i29
12 5 Otherwaysofviewinganexponentialdecrease 131
13 Aspects of allometry 133
13 1 Introduction i33
13 2 Relative growth: the claw of the fiddler crab 136
13 3 Relative growth of gourds 140
13 4 Macrotritopus- a problem of taxonomy 141
13 5 Stag beetles-failure of the relationship 143
13 6 The graphical estimation of scaling exponents and scaling
coefficients 145
13 7 Antlers 749
13 8 Eye size in mammals 153
14 More on allometry, and on quantitative patterns in nature 157
14 1 Surface area/volume relationships 157
14 2 Body size and metabolic rate in mammals: the importance of
surface area 161
14 3 Body size and metabolic rate: Kleiber s rule 162
14 4 Birds eggs: metabolism and water loss 165
Contents
14 5 The mammalian skeleton 768
14 6 Tree height and trunk diameter 170
14 7 Wind-borne seeds and fruit 176
14 8 The energetic equivalence rule 180
14 9 The self-thinning rule-and a general caution 182
14 10 Numbers of bird species on Pacific islands 186
15 Howtheabundanceoffoodaffectsratesoffeeding 189
15 1 Rates ofpredation and the abundance of prey 189
15 2 Food availability and the grazing rates of herbivores 797
16 The characterization of trees and other branching systems 799
17 Epilogue 205
References 217
Notes 224
Index 233
|
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| id | DE-604.BV012175758 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:23:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521571561 0521576989 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008249909 |
| oclc_num | 36485809 |
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| owner | DE-20 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XVI, 238 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Burton, Richard F. 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)129874841 aut Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking Richard F. Burton 1. published Cambridge, New York, Oakleigh Cambridge University Press 1998 XVI, 238 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biologie ram Biomathématiques ram Biometrie gtt Mathematik Biomathematics Biometry Mathematics Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008249909&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Burton, Richard F. 1936- Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking Biologie ram Biomathématiques ram Biometrie gtt Mathematik Biomathematics Biometry Mathematics Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4232139-6 (DE-588)4006851-1 |
| title | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking |
| title_auth | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking |
| title_exact_search | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking |
| title_full | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking Richard F. Burton |
| title_fullStr | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking Richard F. Burton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking Richard F. Burton |
| title_short | Biology by numbers |
| title_sort | biology by numbers an encouragement to quantitative thinking |
| title_sub | an encouragement to quantitative thinking |
| topic | Biologie ram Biomathématiques ram Biometrie gtt Mathematik Biomathematics Biometry Mathematics Quantitative Methode (DE-588)4232139-6 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biologie Biomathématiques Biometrie Mathematik Biomathematics Biometry Mathematics Quantitative Methode |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008249909&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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