Principles and applications of geochemistry: a comprehensive textbook for geology students
The book starts with basic principles and emphasizes quantitative methods of problem-solving. It uses the principles of isotope geology to enhance the understanding of appropriate geochemical subject areas. The book also examines the geochemical processes that affect the chemical composition of surf...
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Prentice Hall
1998
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | The book starts with basic principles and emphasizes quantitative methods of problem-solving. It uses the principles of isotope geology to enhance the understanding of appropriate geochemical subject areas. The book also examines the geochemical processes that affect the chemical composition of surface water and that determine its quality for human consumption |
| Physical Description: | XV, 600 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0023364505 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles and applications of geochemistry |b a comprehensive textbook for geology students |c Gunter Faure |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, NJ |b Prentice Hall |c 1998 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Principles and applications of geochemistry
Autor: Faure, Gunter
Jahr: 1998
Contents
Preface
XIII
Parti
PLANET EARTH IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
4.3 Differentiation of Igneous and
Sedimentary Rocks 49
4.4 Differentiation of the Hydrosphere 52
4.5 Summary 56
Problems 57
References 57
1
What Is Geochemistry?
Part II
1.1 Early History 2 PRINCIPLES OF INORGANIC
1.2 Geochemistry in the U.S.S.R. 3 GEOCHEMISTRY
1.3 V. M. Goldschmidt 4
1.4 Modern Geochemistry 5
References 7 5
The Electronic Structure
2 of Atoms 60
In the Beginning 8
5.1 The Atom of Thomson and
2.1 The Big Bang 8 Rutherford 60
2.2 Stellar Evolution 11 5.2 Bohr s Theory of the Hydrogen
2.3 Nucleosynthesis 13 Atom 61
2.4 Summary 20 5.3 Emission of X-rays 63
Problems 20 5.4 Schrödinger s Model of the Atom 64
References 20 5.5 The Aufbau Principle 67
5.6 Summary 69
3 Problems 72
The Solar System 22 References 72
3.1 Origin of the Solar System 22
3.2 Origin of the Earthlike Planets 25
3.3 Satellites of the Outer Planets 26
3.4 Pictures of Our Solar System 29 6
3.5 Summary 42 The Periodic Table and Atomic
References 42 Weights 74
4 6.1 Mendeleev s Periodic Table 74
Chemical Differentiation 6.2 The Modern Periodic Table 74
of the Earth 43 6.3 6.4 Basic Principles of Atomic Physics Atomic Weights 77 78
4.1 Internal Structure of the Earth 43 6.5 Summary 81
4.2 The Continental Crust: Major Problems 82
Elements 46 References 82
VII
Vili
CONTENTS
Chemical Bonds , Ionic Radii,
and Crystals 83
7.1 Electron Donors Versus Acceptors
7.2 Measures of Metallic Character
7.3 Bonding in Molecules
7.4 Ionic Crystals
7.5 Ionic Radii
7.6 Summary
Problems
References
8
Ionic Substitution in
Crystals 99
8.1 Goldschmidt s Rules of
Substitution
8.2 Camouflage, Capture, and
Admission
8.3 Coupled Substitution: Key to
the Feldspars
8.4 Distribution Coefficients and
Geothermometers
8.5 Geochemical Classification of
the Elements
8.6 Summary
Problems
References
Part III
AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY AND
THE STABILITY OF MINERALS
100
102
103
105
106
108
108
Acids and Bases 110
9.1 Chemical Reactions and Equilibria 110
9.2 The Law of Mass Action 112
9.3 Dissociation of Weak Acids
and Bases 114
9.4 Solubility of Sparingly Soluble
Bases 121
9.5 pH Control of Dissociation
Equilibria 123
9.6 Solubility of Amorphous Silica 124
9.7 Summary 127
83 Problems 128
84 References 128
87
89 10
91 97 Salts and Their Ions 130
97 10.1 Solubility of Salts 130
98 10.2 Hydrolysis 137
10.3 Activities and Concentrations 139
10.4 Solubility of Calcium Carbonate 142
10.5 Chemical Weathering 148
10.6 Transformation of Potassium
Feldspar to Kaolinite 149
10.7 Summary 152
99 Problems 153
References 153
11
Thermodynamics 155
11.1 Definitions
11.2 The First Law
11.3 Enthalpy
11.4 Heats of Reaction
11.5 Heat Capacity
11.6 The Second Law
11.7 Gibbs Free Energy
11.8 Derivation of the Law of Mass
Action
11.9 Fugacity and Activity
11.10 The van t Hoff Equation
11.11 Solubility of Amorphous Silica
Between 0 and 100 °C
11.12 Summary
Problems
References
12
172
Mineral Stability Diagrams
12.1 Chemical Weathering of Feldspars
12.2 Formation of Zeolites
12.3 Magnesium Silicates
155
157
157
159
160
161
163
165
166
168
168
169
170
171
172
182
186
CONTENTS IX
12.4 Solubility Diagrams 190
12.5 Fugacity Diagrams 194
12.6 Summary 198
Problems 199
References 199
13
Clay Minerals 200
13.1 Crystal Structure 200
13.2 Classification and Chemical
Composition 202
13.3 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation 208
13.4 Stability Diagrams 211
13.5 Colloidal Suspensions and Ion
Exchange 217
13.6 Dating of Clay Minerals 221
13.7 Summary 222
Problems 223
References 224
Problems
References
271
273
Part IV
ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY AND
MIXING
16
Isotopie Geochronometers 276
16.1 Decay Modes 276
16.2 Law of Radioactivity 281
16.3 Methods of Dating 284
16.4 Cosmogenic Radionuclides 292
16.5 Summary 297
Problems 297
References 299
14
Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions 226
14.1 Balancing Equations of
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
14.2 The Electromotive Series
14.3 The Emf of Electrochemical Cells
14.4 Stability Limits of Water in Terms
of Eh and pH
14.5 Stability of Iron Compounds
14.6 Summary
Problems
References
15
Rates of Geochemical
Processes 253
15.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions
15.2 Transport of Matter: Advection
15.3 Transport of Matter: Diffusion
15.4 Growth of Concretions During
Diagenesis
15.5 Growth of Monomineralic Layers
15.6 Summary
17
Isotope Fractionation 301
17.1 Principles of Isotope Fractionation
17.2 Mathematical Relations
226 17.3 Isotope Fractionation in the
229 Hydrosphere
234 17.4 Oxygen Isotope Composition of
Calcite
235 17.5 Oxygen and Hydrogen in Clay
238 Minerals
249 17.6 Groundwater and Geothermal
251 Brines
252 17.7 Isotope Fractionation of Carbon
17.8 Isotope Compositions of Strontium
in Carbonate Rocks
17.9 Isotope Fractionation of Sulfur
17.10 Summary
Problems
253 References
257
259
263 Mixing and [
268 18.1 Binary Mixtures
271 18.2 Dilution
18
328
301
304
306
308
311
313
315
317
319
323
325
125
328
330
CONTENTS
18.3 Evaporative Concentration 331
18.4 Ternary Mixtures 332
18.5 Isotopie Mixtures of One Element 335
18.6 Isotopie Mixtures of Two Elements 337
18.7 Summary 338
Problems 339
References 340
20.3 Chemical Composition of Meteoric
Precipitation 375
20.4 Normative Minerals from Water
Compositions 376
20.5 Evaporative Concentration 383
20.6 Water Quality 392
20.7 Summary 395
Problems 396
References 397
PartV
APPLICATIONS OF GEOCHEMISTRY
TO THE SOLUTION OF GLOBAL
PROBLEMS
19
Consequences of Chemical
Weathering 342
19.1 Changes in Chemical Composition
of Rocks 343
19.2 Normative Mineral Composition
of Weathering Products 345
19.3 Susceptibility of Minerals to
Weathering 347
19.4 Formation of Placer Deposits 351
19.5 Provenance Determination by
Isotopie Dating 353
19.6 Formation of Soils 354
19.7 Geomicrobiology 358
19.8 Food Production and Population
Growth 361
19.9 Summary 363
Problems 364
References 365
20
Chemical Composition of Surface
Water 368
20.1 Chemical Analysis of Water in
Streams
20.2 Chemical Composition of Streams
21
Chemical Weathering of Mineral
Deposits 400
21.1 Metallic Mineral Deposits 400
21.2 Oxidation of Iron Sulfides and the
Role of Bacteria 401
21.3 Eh-pH Diagram for Copper
Minerals 403
21.4 Supergene Enrichment of Fe-Cu
Sulfide Deposits 407
21.5 Replacement of Pyrite by
Chalcocite 408
21.6 Oxidation of Ore Minerals of
Other Metals 411
21.7 Geochemical Exploration 413
21.8 Production and Consumption of
Mineral Resources 417
21.9 Summary 421
Problems 422
References 423
368
370
22
Geochemical Cycles 425
22.1 The Principle of Mass Balance 426
22.2 Mass Balance for Major Elements
in the Ocean 428
22.3 Mass Balance for Trace Elements
in the Ocean 431
22.4 The Cycles of C-H-O-N 433
22.5 The Sulfur Cycle 443
22.6 Summary 446
Problems 447
References 447
CONTENTS XI
23
Chemistry of the Atmosphere 449
23.1 Structure and Composition
23.2 Ultraviolet Radiation
23.3 Ozone in the Stratosphere
23.4 Ozone Hole over Antarctica
23.5 Infrared Radiation and the
Greenhouse Effect
23.6 Prediction of the Future Global
Climate
23.7 Summary
Problems
References
24
Environmental Geochemistry:
Disposal of Radioactive Waste 461
25
Effect of Environmental Lead on
450 Human Health 485
451 25.1 Isotope Composition of
452 Environmental Lead 485
453 25.2 Lead in the Environment 487
25.3 Lead in Plants 492
455 25.4 Lead Poisoning of Cows and
Horses 495
457 25.5 Human Bones and Tissues 497
458 25.6 Lead in the Bones of Ancient
459 Peoples 499
459 25.7 Summary 502
Problems 503
References 504
24.1 The Big Picture 461
24.2 High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal 462
24.3 Geological Disposal of Radioactive
Waste 465
24.4 Geochemistry of Plutonium 468
24.5 Eh-pH Diagrams of Neptunium
and Plutonium 473
24.6 Analog Studies: The Natural
Reactors at Oklo, Gabon 476
24.7 Reactor Accidents: Chernobyl,
Ukraine 478
24.8 Summary 481
Problems 482
References 483
Appendix A
Compilations of Geochemical Data 506
Appendix ?
Standard Gibbs Free Energies (G°f)
and Standard Enthalpies of
Formation (?) 519
Author Index
575
Subject Index 589
|
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| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
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| spelling | Faure, Gunter 1934- Verfasser (DE-588)1158807309 aut Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students Gunter Faure 2. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall 1998 XV, 600 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The book starts with basic principles and emphasizes quantitative methods of problem-solving. It uses the principles of isotope geology to enhance the understanding of appropriate geochemical subject areas. The book also examines the geochemical processes that affect the chemical composition of surface water and that determine its quality for human consumption Anorganische Geochemie (DE-588)4112531-9 gnd rswk-swf Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd rswk-swf Anorganische Geochemie (DE-588)4112531-9 s Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008220732&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Faure, Gunter 1934- Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students Anorganische Geochemie (DE-588)4112531-9 gnd Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4112531-9 (DE-588)4020198-3 |
| title | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students |
| title_auth | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students |
| title_exact_search | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students |
| title_full | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students Gunter Faure |
| title_fullStr | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students Gunter Faure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students Gunter Faure |
| title_short | Principles and applications of geochemistry |
| title_sort | principles and applications of geochemistry a comprehensive textbook for geology students |
| title_sub | a comprehensive textbook for geology students |
| topic | Anorganische Geochemie (DE-588)4112531-9 gnd Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Anorganische Geochemie Geochemie |
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