Synthetic fibers: machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Munich
Hanser [u.a.]
1999
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Fourné, Franz: Synthetische Fasern |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 885 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3446160728 156990250X |
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MARC
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| 084 | |a FER 200f |2 stub | ||
| 084 | |a CIT 720f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Fourné, Franz |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Synthetic fibers |b machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation |c Franz Fourné |
| 264 | 1 | |a Munich |b Hanser [u.a.] |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 885 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Fourné, Franz: Synthetische Fasern | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Textile fibers, Synthetic | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Chemiefaserherstellung |0 (DE-588)4318555-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine |0 (DE-588)4125706-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Chemiefaserherstellung |0 (DE-588)4318555-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine |0 (DE-588)4125706-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008194929&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| _version_ | 1807320005237276672 |
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CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1
GENERAL
REMARKS
.
1
1.2
CONDITIONS
FOR
THE
PRODUCTION
OF
TEXTILE
FIBERS
.
1
1.3
THE
MOST
IMPORTANT
FIBER
RAW
MATERIALS
.
5
1.4
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
.
14
1.5
PRICE
DEVELOPMENTS
.
21
1.6
RAW
MATERIALS
.
25
REFERENCES
.
30
2
POLYMER
SPECIFIC
PROCESSES
.
33
2.1
POLYMERIZATION,
POLYCONDENSATION,
AND
POLYADDITION
.
33
2.1.1
POLYMERIZATION
.
33
2.1.2
POLYCONDENSATION
.
34
2.1.3
POLYADDITION
.
34
2.2
POLYAMIDES
(PA)
.
34
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
34
2.2.2
POLYAMIDE
4
(PA4)
.
36
2.2.3
POLYAMIDE
6
(PA6)
.
36
2.2.3.1
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
FOR
CAPROLACTAM
.
36
2.2.3.2
POLYMERIZATION
OF
CAPROLACTAM
TO
POLYAMIDE
6
.
37
2.2.3.3
EXTRUSION,
PELLETIZING,
AND
DRYING
.
44
2.2.3.4
REMARKS
ON
POLYCONDENSATION
AND
IMPORTANT
PROCESS
CHARACTERISTICS
OFPA6
.
44
2.2.3.5
POLYMERIZATION
OF
CAPROLACTAM
IN
AN
AUTOCLAVE
.
46
2.2.3.6
CONTINUOUS
VK-TUBE
POLYMERIZATION
.
47
2.2.3.7
VACUUM
DEMONOMERIZATION
.
51
2.2.3.8
EXTRACTION
OF
PA6
CHIPS
.
52
2.2.3.9
LARGE
PA6
POLYMERIZATION
AND
CHIP
PRODUCTION
INSTALLATIONS
.
54
2.2.3.10
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
OF
PA6
FILAMENTS
.
55
2.2.4
POLYAMIDE
66
(PA66)
.
57
2.2.4.1
PRODUCTION
OF
THE
MONOMERS
.
57
2.2.4.2
POLYCONDENSATION
OF
AH-SALT
TO
PA66
IN
AUTOCLAVES
.
58
2.2.4.3
CONTINUOUS
POLYCONDENSATION
OF
PA66
.
60
2.2.4.4
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
OF
PA66
FILAMENTS
.
60
2.2.5
OTHER
POLYAMIDES
.
64
2.2.5.1
POLYAMIDE
46
(PA46)
.
64
X
CONTENTS
2.2.5.2
POLYAMIDE
610
(PA610)
.
65
2.2.5.3
POLYAMIDE
7
(PA7)
.
65
2.2.5.4
POLYAMIDE
11
(PA11,
RILSAN)
.
66
2.2.5.5
POLYAMIDE
12
(PA12)
.
66
2.3
POLYESTER
(PES)
.
67
2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
67
2.3.2
PRODUCTION
OF
DIMETHYL
TEREPHTHALATE
(DMT),
TEREPHTHALIC
ACID
(TPA)
AND
ETHYLENE
GLYCOL
(EG)
.
68
2.3.3
PROCESS
FOR
THE
PRODUCTION
OF
POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE
(PET)
.
69
2.3.3.1
TRANSESTERIFICATION
OF
DIETHYLENE
GLYCOLTEREPHTHALATE
AND
ETHYLENE
GLYCOL
TO
DIGLYCOLE
TEREPHTHALATE
.
69
2.3.3.2
DIRECT
ESTERIFICATION
OF
TEREPHTHALIC
ACID
AND
ETHYLENE
GLYCOL
TO
DIETHYLENE
GLYCOLTEREPHTHALATE
.
70
2.3.3.3
POLYCONDENSATION
OF
DIETHYLENE
GLYCOLTEREPHTHALATE
TO
POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE
.
71
2.3.3.4
PROPERTIES
OF
PET
MELTS
AND
CHIPS
.
74
2.3.4
AUTOCLAVE
POLYCONDENSATION
TO
PET
.
76
2.3.5
CONTINUOUS
POLYCONDENSATION
TO
PET
.
79
2.3.5.1
PROCESSES
AND
APPARATUS
FOR
TRANS
AND
DIRECT
ESTERIFICATION
.
79
2.3.5.2
FINISHER
.
80
2.3.6
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
OF
PET
.
86
2.3.6.1
ROUTE
OF
PET
TO
SPINNING
.
86
2.3.6.2
SPINNING
AND
TAKE-UP
OF
PET
FILAMENTS
.
87
2.3.6.3
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
OF
PET
FILAMENTS
AND
TOW
.
89
2.3.6.4
PRODUCTION
OF
HM-HT
COTTON
TYPE
POLYESTER
STAPLE
FIBERS
.
91
2.3.7
POLYBUTYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE
(PBT)
.
94
2.4
POLYOLEFINES
.
95
2.4.1
POLYPROPYLENE
(PP)
.
95
2.4.1.1
PRODUCTION
OF
POLYPROPYLENE
.
96
2.4.1.2
PHENOMENA
DURING
POLYPROPYLENE
SPINNING
.
98
2.4.1.3
SPINNING
AND
AFTERTREATMENT
OF
POLYPROPYLENE
.
104
2.4.1.4
OPTIMIZING
THE
POLYPROPYLENE
POY
SPINNING
TAKE-UP
SPEED
FOR
DRAW
TEXTURING
.
106
2.4.1.5
HIGH
TENACITY
POLYPROPYLENE
YAMS
.
107
2.4.1.6
POLYPROPYLENE
FOIL
YAMS
.
107
2.4.1.7
COMPARISON
OF
PROPERTIES
.
110
2.4.2
POLYETHYLENE
(PE)
.
110
2.5
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
.
ILL
2.5.1
PRODUCTION
OF
ACRYLONITRILE
(
=
VINYLCYANIDE)
.
113
2.5.2
POLYMERIZATION
TO
POLYACRYLONITRILE
(PAN)
.
113
2.5.2.1
THEORETICAL
AND
EXPERIMENTAL
BASIS
.
115
2.5.2.2
APPARATI
AND
INSTALLATIONS
FOR
POLYMERIZATION
.
116
2.5.2.3
INSTALLATIONS
TO
DISSOLVE
PAN
.
119
2.5.3
SPINNING
AND
AFTERTREATMENT
OF
POLYACRYLONITRILE
.
121
2.6
POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE
(PVC)
.
122
2.6.1
PRODUCTION
OF
PVC
.
122
2.6.2
SOLVING
AND
SPINNING
OF
PVC
AND
VC-COPOLYMERS
.
123
2.6.3
SYNDIOTACTIC
PVC
.
123
2.7
POLYVINYL
ALCOHOL
(PVAL)
.
125
2.7.1
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
UP
TO
THE
SPINNABLE
SOLUTION
.
125
CONTENTS
XI
2.7.2
SOLUTION
WET
SPINNING
.
127
2.7.3
DRY
SPINNING
.
128
2.8
SPANDEX
OR
ELASTANE
YAMS
(EL,
ALSO
PUR)
.
128
2.8.1
PRODUCTION
OF
THE
POLYURETHANES
.
129
2.8.2
INSTALLATIONS
AND
APPARATI
.
131
2.8.3
WET
SPINNING
SYSTEM
AND
EQUIPMENT
.
131
2.8.4
DRY
SPINNING
PROCESSES
AND
INSTALLATIONS
.
132
2.8.5
REACTION
SPINNING
PROCESS
.
133
2.8.6
PROPERTIES
.
134
2.8.7
POLYURETHANE
HARD
FIBERS
.
136
2.9
POLYTETRAFLUORETHYLENE
FIBERS
(PTFE)
.
136
2.9.1
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
OF
THE
FILAMENTS
.
136
2.9.2
PROPERTIES
.
138
2.10
HIGH
TENACITY-HIGH
MODULUS
FILAMENTS
ACCORDING
TO
THE
GEL
SPINNING
PROCESS
.
138
2.10.1
PRINCIPLE
.
138
2.10.2
PROCESS,
MACHINES,
AND
PLANTS
.
140
2.10.3
PROPERTIES
OF
PE
GEL
FILAMENTS
AND
THEIR
USES
.
142
2.11
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
AND
HIGH
MODULUS
FIBERS
.
142
2.11.1
GENERAL
REMARKS
.
142
2.11.2
POLYARAMIDES
.
145
2.11.3
POLYETHERKETONE
(PEK,
PEEK,
ETC.)
.
146
2.11.4
POLYSULFONES
AND
POLYETHER
SULFONES
.
146
2.11.5
LIQUID
CRYSTALS
.
147
2.11.6
POLYIMIDES
.
149
2.12
OTHER
POLYMER
FIBERS
AND
FURTHER
PROCESSES
.
150
2.12.1
SILICONE
DIOXIDE
FIBERS
.
150
2.12.2
POLYCARBOSILANE
AND
SILICON
CARBIDE
FIBERS
.
150
2.12.3
YAM
PRODUCTION
VIA
CARRIER
FILAMENT
.
151
2.12.4
PHENOL
RESIN
FIBERS
.
153
2.12.5
SUPER-ABSORBING
PRODUCTS
(SAP)
AS
FIBERS
.
153
2.12.6
THERMO
BONDERS
.
154
2.12.7
ORGANIC
OPTICAL
FIBERS
(POF)
.
155
2.12.8
ELECTRICALLY
CONDUCTING
FILAMENTS
.
155
2.12.9
INTERFACIAL
POLYCONDENSATION
SPINNING
.
157
2.12.10
REACTION
SPINNING
.
157
2.12.11
EMULSION
AND
SUSPENSION
SPINNING
.
157
2.12.12
ELECTROSTATIC
SPINNING
.
157
2.13
FIBERS
FROM
NATURAL
PRODUCTS
.
158
2.13.1
PROTEIN
FIBERS
.
158
2.13.2
ALGINATE
FIBERS
.
158
2.13.3
FILAMENTS
ON
CELLULOSE
BASIS
.
159
2.13.4
BASALT
FIBERS
.
159
REFERENCES
.
161
3
THEORETICAL
AND
EXPERIMENTAL
PRINCIPLES
.
173
3.1
REACTORS
FOR
PRODUCTION
AND/OR
DISSOLVING
.
173
3.1.1
SELECTION
CRITERIA
.
173
3.1.2
PREFERRED
REACTOR
CASCADES
.
176
3.1.3
REACTOR
DESIGN
.
176
XII
CONTENTS
3.2
THE
SPINNING
MECHANISM
.
177
3.2.1
GENERAL
VIEW
OVER
MELT
SPINNING
.
177
3.2.2
SOLUTION
SPINNING
.
181
3.3
FILAMENT
TAKE-UP
AND
FILAMENT
COOLING
.
182
3.3.1
FILAMENT
COOLING
.
182
3.3.2
TAKE-UP
FORCES
.
190
3.3.3
FILAMENT
TEMPERATURES
.
191
3.4
DRAWING
MECHANISM
.
193
3.4.1
DRAWING
PROCESS
.
194
3.4.2
CONSEQUENCES
FOR
DRAWING
.
198
3.5
TWISTING
.
199
3.6
FALSE
TWIST
TEXTURING
.
201
3.6.1
PRINCIPLE
.
201
3.6.2
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
FILAMENT
WAY
PROFILE
.
204
3.7
BOBBIN
CONSTRUCTION
.
207
3.8
COPS
BUILT-UP
IN
DRAW-TWISTING
AND
COPS
TAKE-OFF.
.
210
3.9
DRAW
AND
HOLDING
FORCES
FOR
FILAMENT
AND
TOW
.
212
3.10
CONTACT
HEATING
AND
DRYING
OF
FILAMENTS
.
214
3.11
STAFFER
BOX
CRIMPING
.
216
3.12
HEAT
SETTING
.
217
3.12.1
BASICS
.
218
3.12.2
HEAT
SETTING
PROCESSES
FOR
SYNTHETIC
YAM
AND
FIBER
PRODUCTION
.
220
3.13
CRYSTALLINITY
.
222
REFERENCES
.
223
4
PLANTS,
EQUIPMENT,
AND
MACHINES
FOR
THE
PRODUCTION
OF
SYNTHETIC
YAMS
AND
FIBERS
.
227
4.1
GENERAL
.
227
4.2
CHEMICAL
EQUIPMENT
.
230
4.2.1
AUTOCLAVES
.
230
4.2.2
DISSOLVING
AND
MIXING
.
235
4.2.3
PIPES
AND
INSULATION
.
237
4.2.4
PIPE
TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS
FOR
GRANULES,
POWDER,
AND
FIBERS
.
238
4.3
STRAND
CASTING
AND
COOLING,
GRANULATING
.
242
4.3.1
STRAND
AND
RIBBON
CASTING
.
242
4.3.2
RIBBON
AND
STRAND
COOLING
.
243
4.3.3
GRANULATING
.
244
4.3.4
CUTTING
FORCES,
DRIVE
POWERS
.
247
4.3.5
MECHANICAL
CHIP
DEHYDRATION
.
248
4.3.6
GRANULATORS
.
248
4.3.7
CHIP
PRODUCTION
FROM
POWDER
.
250
4.4
INITIAL
AND
INTERMEDIATE
PRODUCTS,
FINAL
PRODUCTS:
DELIVERY
CONDITIONS
AND
STORAGE
.
.
253
4.4.1
SHIPPING
FORMS,
PACKAGING
.
254
4.4.2
CHIP
STORAGE
AND
TRANSPORT
.
255
4.5
DRYING,
CRYSTALLIZATION,
AND
SOLID
PHASE
POLYCONDENSATION
.
258
4.5.1
VACUUM
DRYING
AND
SIMILAR
PROCESSES
.
258
4.5.2
CONTINUOUS
CHIP
DRYING
.
261
4.6
MELT
SPINNING
PLANTS
.
270
4.6.1
CALCULATION
OF
THE
PLANT
AND
EQUIPMENT
SIZES
.
271
CONTENTS
XIII
4.6.2
SURVEY
OF
MELT
SPINNING
INSTALLATIONS
FOR
FILAMENTS
.
275
4.6.3
CHIP
GATE
VALVES
.
282
4.6.4
SPIN
EXTRUDERS
.
282
4.6.4.1
SINGLE-SCREW
SPIN
EXTRUDER
.
283
4.6.4.2
DOUBLE-SCREW
EXTRUDERS
.
293
4.6.5
SPINNING
HEADS
AND
SPINNING
BEAMS
.
294
4.6.5.1
SPINNING
HEADS
.
295
4.6.5.2
SPINNING
BEAMS
.
296
4.6.5.3
ELECTRICALLY
HEATED
SPINNING
HEADS
.
305
4.6.6
POLYMER
OR
MELT
VALVES
.
308
4.6.7
STATIC
MIXERS
.
309
4.6.8
SPINNING
PUMPS
AND
OTHER
GEAR
PUMPS
.
312
4.6.8.1
SPINNING
PUMPS
.
312
4.6.8.2
SPIN
FINISH
PUMPS
.
314
4.6.8.3
DISCHARGE
PUMPS
AND
"
IN-LINE
"
PUMPS
.
315
4.6.9
MELT
AND
SOLUTION
FILTERS
.
316
4.6.9.1
FILTER
MEDIA
AND
CONSTRUCTION
.
320
4.6.9.2
USE
OF
HIGH
LOAD
FILTRATION
TO
PROTECT
SPIN
PUMPS
.
324
4.6.9.3
LARGE
AREA
FILTERS
.
325
4.6.10
SPINNERETS
.
327
4.6.10.1
SPINNERETS
FOR
MELT
SPINNING
.
327
4.6.10.2
SPINNERETS
FOR
SOLUTION
SPINNING
.
332
4.6.10.3
SPECIAL
SPINNERETS
.
333
4.6.11
SPIN
PACKS
(HOUSINGS)
AND
BOLTING
.
335
4.6.11.1
GENERAL
.
335
4.6.11.2
SPIN
PACKS
FOR
CIRCULAR
SPINNERETS
.
335
4.6.11.3
SPIN
PACKS
FOR
RECTANGULAR
SPINNERETS
.
339
4.6.11.4
AUXILIARY
DEVICES
FOR
PACK
INSERTION
.
341
4.6.11.5
SPINNERET
BOLTING
.
342
4.6.12
SPINNING
PUMP
DRIVES
.
343
4.7
QUENCH
CABINETS
.
346
4.7.1
GENERAL
.
346
4.7.2
PREFERRED
QUENCHES
.
350
4.7.3
NEW
QUENCH
CHAMBER
DEVELOPMENTS
FOR
VERY
HIGH
SPINNING
SPEEDS
.
354
4.7.4
CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS
FOR
QUENCH
CHAMBERS
.
355
4.7.4.1
QUENCH
AIR
RECTIFIERS
.
355
4.7.4.2
QUICK-CHANGE
AIR
FILTERS
.
357
4.7.4.3
AIR
FLOW
REGULATION
.
359
4.7.5
QUENCH
CHAMBER
ACCESSORIES
.
359
4.7.5.1
MONOMER
(FUME)
ASPIRATIONS
.
359
4.7.5.2
SPINNERET
BLANKETING
.
359
4.7.5.3
HOT
SHROUDS
(COLLARS)
.
361
4.7.5.4
WASTE
DISPOSAL
.
362
4.7.5.5
INTERFLOOR
TUBES
.
362
4.7.5.6
QUENCH
AIR
SUPPLY
DUCTS
.
364
4.7.5.7
AIR
FLOW
RESTRICTION
IN
THE
QUENCH
CHAMBER
.
365
4.8
SPIN
FINISH
APPLICATION
SYSTEMS
.
367
4.8.1
ROLL
APPLICATION
.
368
4.8.2
ROD
(BAR)
APPLICATION
.
368
4.8.3
SPRAY
APPLICATION
.
368
XIV
CONTENTS
4.8.4
DIPPING
BATH
APPLICATION
.
369
4.8.5
PIN
APPLICATION
(METERED
SPIN
FINISH)
.
369
4.9
SPINNING
TAKE-UP
MACHINES
.
372
4.9.1
THE
VARIOUS
TYPES
OF
TAKE-UP
MACHINES
.
373
4.9.2
YAM
INLET
ZONE
.
378
4.9.3
ROLLS,
GODETS,
DRAW
ROLLS
.
380
4.9.3.1
GODETS
(SMALL
DRAW
ROLLS)
.
380
4.9.3.2
DUOS
(GODET
PAIRS)
.
387
4.9.3.3
ACCESSORIES
FOR
GODETS
.
388
4.9.3.4
OPERATING
DATA
FOR
GODETS
AND
DUOS
.
389
4.9.4
SEPARATOR
ROLLS
.
391
4.9.5
WINDERS
.
392
4.9.5.1
PACKAGE
DRIVES
.
394
4.9.5.2
YAM
TRAVERSE
SYSTEMS
.
397
4.9.5.3
PACKAGE
SPINDLES
(CHUCKS)
AND
HOLDERS
.
401
4.9.5.4
RELATIVE
MOVEMENT
BETWEEN
PACKAGE
AND
ROLL,
INCLUDING
TURRET
MOTION
.
402
4.9.5.5
NUMBER
OF
PACKAGES
AND
PACKAGE
SIZE
.
405
4.9.5.6
SPECIAL
AND
OPTIONAL
EQUIPMENT
.
406
4.9.5.7
WINDERS
FOR
SPINNING
AND
FURTHER
PROCESSING
.
408
4.9.5.8
WINDERS
WITH
SPINDLE
DRIVE
AND
DANCER
ARM
TENSION
CONTROL
.
415
4.10
DRAWTWISTING
AND
DRAW-WINDING
MACHINES
.
416
4.10.1
DRAWTWISTING
MACHINES
(DRAWTWISTERS)
.
417
4.10.2
CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS
FOR
DRAWTWISTERS
.
419
4.11
WARP
DRAWING,
WARP
SIZING
AND
SLASHING
.
429
4.12
TEXTURIZING
AND
DRAWTEXTURIZING
.
431
4.12.1
COMPARISON
OF
TEXTURIZING
PROCESSES
.
432
4.12.2
FALSE
TWIST
TEXTURIZING
MACHINES
.
439
4.12.2.1
CONSTRUCTION
AND
COMPONENTS
.
439
4.12.2.2
TEXTURIZING
AGGREGATES
.
443
4.12.2.3
DRIVES
FOR
(DRAW-)
TEXTURIZING
MACHINES
.
448
4.12.3
STAFFER
BOX
CRIMPING
MACHINES
FOR
FILAMENT
YAMS
.
448
4.12.4
AIR
JET
TEXTURIZING
FOR
LOOP
AND
ENTANGLED
YAM
.
449
4.12.5
AIR
CONSUMPTION
AND
YAM
TENSIONS
OF
TEXTURIZING
AND
ASPIRATING
JETS
.
.
.
.
452
4.12.6
BCF
(BULKED
CONTINUOUS
FILAMENT)
TEXTURIZING
.
456
4.13
STAPLE
FIBER
PLANTS
.
460
4.13.1
OVERVIEW
.
460
4.13.2
MELT
SPINNING
LINES
FOR
STAPLE
FIBERS
.
462
4.13.3
SPINNING
TAKE-UP
WALLS
AND
CAN
TAKE-UP
.
463
4.13.4
CREELS
.
465
4.13.5
TENSION
COMPENSATION
AND
DIPPING
BATH
.
470
4.13.6
DRAWING
FRAMES
.
470
4.13.7
HOT
DRAWING
OVENS
.
473
4.13.8
TOW
SPREADING
AND
PLYING
.
474
4.13.9
STAFFER
BOX
CRIMPERS
.
476
4.13.10
DRYERS
AND
HEAT-SETTING
MACHINES
.
478
4.13.11
TOW
PACKAGING
.
481
4.13.12
STAPLE
CUTTERS
.
482
4.13.13
STAPLE
FIBER
TRANSPORT
.
485
4.13.14
BALERS
.
486
CONTENTS
XV
4.14
DRY-SPINNING
PLANTS
.
489
4.14.1
PRINCIPLE
OF
DRY-SPINNING
.
489
4.14.2
THE
DRY-SPINNING
TUBE
(SHAFT,
DUCT)
.
492
4.14.3
STAPLE
FIBER
DRY-SPINNING
LINES
.
496
4.15
SOLUTION
WET-SPINNING
PLANTS
.
498
4.15.1
WET-SPINNING
PROCESS
.
498
4.15.2
CONSTRUCTIONAL
DETAILS
OF
WET
SPINNING
LINES
.
500
4.15.2.1
SPINNING
BATHS
.
500
4.15.2.2
SPINNING
PUMPS,
SPINNING
PIPES
AND
SPINNERETS
.
503
4.15.2.3
DRAWING
AND
EXTRACTION
BATHS
.
504
4.15.2.4
HIGH
THROUGHPUT
WET-SPINNING
MACHINES
.
506
4.15.3
AFTERTREATMENT
LINES
FOR
DRY-SPUN
TOW
.
508
4.15.4
SOLUTION
WET-SPINNING
OF
MULTI
AND
MONOFILAMENTS
.
509
4.16
PISTON
(ROD)
SPINNING
UNITS
.
514
4.16.1
SPINNING
OF
VERY
SMALL
QUANTITIES
.
514
4.16.2
RAM
EXTRUSION
.
516
REFERENCES
.
516
5
SPECIAL
PROCESSES
AND
PLANTS
.
525
5.1
SHORT-SPINNING
PROCESS
.
525
5.1.1
"
AUTOMATIK
"
COMPACT
STAPLE
SPINNING
SYSTEM
FOR
PP,
PE,
PA
AND
PET,
COMBINED
WITH
A
FLEISSNER
DRAWING
AND
CRIMPING
LINE
.
527
5.1.2
"
BARMAG
"
COMPACT
STAPLE
SPINNING
SYSTEM
FOR
PP,
PE
AND
PET
.
528
5.1.3
OTHER
COMPACT
SPINNING
PLANTS
.
528
5.1.4
COMPACT
STAPLE
SPINNING
PLANTS
FOR
TAKE-UP
SPEEDS
UP
TO
2000
M/MIN
.
532
5.1.5
COMPACT
SPINNING
MACHINES
FOR
COARSE
FILAMENTS
AND
FIBERS
.
534
5.1.6
COMPACT
SPINNING
MACHINES
FOR
FILAMENTS
.
535
5.1.7
FILM
TAPES
AND
MONOFILAMENTS
.
536
5.2
BI
AND
MULTICOMPONENT
YAMS
AND
FIBERS
.
539
5.2.1
BICOMPONENT
SPINNING
PROCESSES,-SPINNERETS
AND-FILAMENT
CROSS-SECTIONS.
.
.
539
5.2.2
MELT
MANIFOLDS
FOR
BICOMPONENT
YAMS,
ETC
.
546
5.3
HOLLOW
FILAMENTS
.
549
5.4
FINE
FILAMENT
MAN-MADE
FIBERS
.
550
5.4.1
MICROFILAMENTS
.
550
5.4.2
SUPERDRAWING
.
551
5.4.3
MELT
BLOWING
PROCESS
.
551
5.4.4
"
FLASH
"
SPINNING
.
552
5.5
SPUNBOND
.
554
5.5.1
SPINNING
EQUIPMENT
.
555
5.5.2
FILAMENT
TAKE-UP
DEVICES
.
560
5.5.3
SPUNBOND
LINES
.
562
5.5.4
WEB
BONDING
.
564
5.5.5
PROPERTIES
.
565
5.5.6
"
CLAW
"
MATS
.
566
5.6
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
SPINNING
.
568
5.6.1
MELT
SPINNING
AT
TEMPERATURES
UP
TO
CA.
550
C
.
568
5.6.2
MELT
SPINNING
PLANTS
FOR
TEMPERATURES
ABOVE
700
C
.
569
5.7
CARBON
FIBERS
.
571
5.7.1
PROCESSES
.
571
XVI
CONTENTS
5.7.2
PROCESS
STAGES
FOR
PAN
PRECURSOR
FIBERS
.
572
5.7.3
COMPOSITES
AND
PREPREGS
.
578
5.8
CONVERTERS
(TOW
TO
TOP
OR
TOW
TO
SPUN
YAM
PROCESS)
.
579
5.8.1
PET
TOW
FOR
STRETCH-BREAK
CONVERSION
.
580
5.8.2
THE
SYDEL
STRETCH-BREAK
CONVERTER;
THE
SCHLUMBERGER
CONVERTER
.
581
5.9
TIRECORD
AND
OTHER
TECHNICAL
YAMS
.
583
5.9.1
YAM
PRODUCTION
.
584
5.9.2
CORD
CONSTRUCTION
.
585
5.9.3
CORD
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
.
586
5.10
FIBERFILL
.
588
5.11
BIODEGRADABLE
FIBERS
.
589
REFERENCES
.
590
6
AUXILIARY
PLANTS
AND
EQUIPMENT
.
595
6.1
PACKAGE
HANDLING
.
595
6.1.1
SIMPLE
YAM
PACKAGE
TRANSPORT
EQUIPMENT
.
595
6.1.2
DOFFER
SYSTEMS
.
596
6.1.3
BOBBIN
TRANSPORT,
STORAGE,
AND
PACKING
.
600
6.2
AIR
CONDITIONING:
CONDITIONS
AND
PLANTS
.
601
6.2.1
QUENCH
AIR
CONDITIONING
PLANTS
.
601
6.2.2
AIR
CONDITIONING
OF
THE
WINDING
ROOM
.
603
6.2.3
AIR
CONDITIONING
OF
STAPLE
FIBER
PLANTS
.
604
6.2.4
CLIMATIZATION
OF
OTHER
ROOMS
.
604
6.2.5
DUST
CONTENT
OF
CONDITIONED
AIR
.
604
6.2.6
AIR
CONDITIONING
STATE
PLOTTED
ON
IX-DIAGRAM
.
605
6.2.7
AIR
CONDITIONING
PLANTS
.
606
6.3
HEATING
SYSTEMS
AND
HEAT
TRANSFER
MEDIA
.
608
6.3.1
HEATING
PLANTS
.
609
6.4
PROTECTIVE
GAS
.
612
6.5
COMPRESSED
AIR
.
613
6.6
CLEANING
OF
POLYMER-SOILED
PARTS
.
614
6.6.1
BUMING-OUT
OVENS
.
615
6.6.2
MOLTEN
SALT
BATH
OVENS
.
615
6.6.3
ALUMINUM
OXIDE
FLUIDIZED
BED
PROCESS
.
616
6.6.4
HYDROLYTIC
(PRE-)
CLEANING
.
616
6.6.5
SOLVENT
CLEANING
.
617
6.6.6
VACUUM
PYROLYSIS
.
619
6.6.7
FINAL
CLEANING
AND
COMMENTS
.
620
6.6.8
CLEANING
PLANTS
.
620
6.7
SPIN
FINISHES
AND
SPIN
FINISH
SYSTEMS
.
621
6.7.1
SPIN
FINISH
.
622
6.7.2
FRICTIONAL
BEHAVIOR
.
622
6.7.3
FILAMENT
COHESION
.
623
6.7.4
ANTISTATIC
.
624
6.7.5
EMULSIFIERS
.
624
6.7.6
SPIN
FINISH
APPLICATION
IN
PRACTICE
.
624
6.7.7
SPIN
FINISH
PREPARATION
.
625
6.7.8
UNIFORMITY
OF
SPIN
FINISH
APPLICATION
.
625
6.8
DELUSTERING
AND
SPIN
DYEING
.
627
CONTENTS
XVII
6.8.1
DELUSTERING
.
627
6.8.2
DYESTUFFS
FOR
SPIN
DYEING
.
629
6.8.3
ADDITION
OF
PIGMENTS/DYESTUFFS
.
629
6.8.4
ADDITIVES
.
631
6.9
TESTING
OF
SPINNING
PUMPS
.
631
6.10
TESTING
OF
SPINNERETS
.
633
6.11
YAM
CONTAINERS
(SPINNING
TUBES,
ETC.)
.
634
6.12
MAINTENANCE
.
637
REFERENCES
.
639
7
AUXILIARY
DEVICES,
CALCULATIONS,
AND
CONSTRUCTION
.
643
7.1
CONTROL
DRIVES
.
643
7.1.1
MECHANICALLY
ADJUSTABLE-AND
CONTROL
DRIVES
.
643
7.1.2
CONTROL
MOTORS
.
643
7.1.3
CURRENT
CONVERTERS
AND
INVERTERS
.
647
7.2
YAM
GUIDES,
SPIN
FINISH
APPLICATORS,
AND
YAM
SENSORS
.
651
7.3
YAM
AND
TOW
CUTTERS
.
657
7.4
AIR
JETS
.
659
7.4.1
YAM
ASPIRATOR
JETS
.
659
7.4.2
INTERMINGLING
JETS
(TANGLING
JETS)
.
661
7.5
ROTATING
CYLINDERS
(GODETS,
YAM
BOBBINS,
ETC.)
.
663
7.6
INCLINED
ROLLS
.
664
7.7
MELT
AND
SOLUTION
VISCOSITY
.
665
7.7.1
MELT
VISCOSITY
.
665
7.7.2
SOLUTION
VISCOSITY
.
666
7.7.3
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT,
POLYMERIZATION
DEGREE,
ETC
.
667
7.8
USTER
UNIFORMITY
TESTING
.
670
7.9
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENTS,
MELT
PRESSURE
MEASUREMENTS
.
677
7.9.1
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
.
677
7.9.2
MELT
AND
SOLUTION
PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT
.
680
7.9.3
MOISTURE
MEASUREMENT
.
681
7.10
FLUID
MECHANICS
.
682
7.10.1
AIR
FLOWS
FOR
RE
=
0.1.
500
.
683
7.10.2
LAMINAR
AND
TURBULENT
FLOW
.
684
7.10.3
HEAT
TRANSFER
FROM
YAM
TO
AIR
.
687
7.11
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
.
688
7.12
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
THREADS
.
690
REFERENCES
.
691
8
WASTE
PROCESSING
AND
RECOVERY
(RECYCLING)
.
694
8.1
OVERVIEW
.
694
8.2
CHEMICAL
PROCESSING
OF
PA
6
WASTE
.
695
8.2.1
RECOVERY
OF
CAPROLACTAM
FROM
PA
6
BY
THERMAL
DECOMPOSITION
.
695
8.2.2
PA
6
RECOVERY
THROUGH
DEPOLYMERIZATION-FILTRATION-RE-POLYMERIZATION
.
696
8.2.3
RECOVERY
THROUGH
REPRECIPITATION
OF
PA
6
.
696
8.2.4
LACTAM
RECOVERY
ACROSS
THE
ENTIRE
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
.
696
8.3
CHEMICAL
PROCESSING
OF
PA66
WASTE
.
698
8.4
DEPOLYMERIZATION
OF
POLYESTER
.
699
XVIII
CONTENTS
8.4.1
CONVERSION
OF
POLYESTER
TO
TPA
OR
DMT
.
699
8.4.2
DMT
RECOVERY
VIA
GLYCOLYSIS
OF
PET
.
700
8.4.3
RECOVERY
OF
DMT
VIA
POLYESTER
METHANOLYSIS
.
700
8.4.4
GASEOUS
BYPRODUCTS
IN
PET
PRODUCTION
.
700
8.5
MECHANICAL
WASTE
PROCESSING
.
700
8.5.1
POLYESTER
BOTTLE
GRANULATE
.
701
8.5.2
POLYMER
BLOCKS
(SOLID
WASTE
AND
PET
BOTTLES)
.
701
8.5.3
COMPACTION
OF
FILAMENT
WASTE
.
701
8.5.4
YAM
TO
STAPLE
PROCESSING
.
702
8.6
DIRECT
EXTRUDER
PROCESSING
OF
YAM
AND
FILM
WASTE
.
704
8.7
RECOVERY
AND
CLEANING
OF
GASES
AND
FLUIDS
.
706
REFERENCES
.
710
9
TESTING
AND
INFLUENCING
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
MAN-MADE
FIBERS
.
713
9.1
INTRODUCTION
TO
TESTING
.
713
9.1.1
AIMS
AND
TASKS
.
713
9.1.2
FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES
OF
TEXTILE
TESTING
.
714
9.1.3
QUALITY
SYSTEMS
.
717
9.2
TERMINOLOGY
AND
MORPHOLOGY
.
717
9.2.1
MAN-MADE
FIBER
TERMINOLOGY
.
717
9.2.2
MORPHOLOGY
OF
MAN-MADE
FIBERS
.
719
9.2.3
APPLICATION
AND
FIBER
PROPERTIES
.
719
9.3
PHYSICAL
AND
TEXTILE
PROPERTIES
.
722
9.3.1
FIBER
STRUCTURE
AND
FIBER
PROPERTIES
.
722
9.3.2
EXTERNAL
FORM
AND
CONSTITUTION
OF
FIBERS
.
733
9.3.2.1
CROSS-SECTION
AND
SURFACE
.
733
9.3.2.2
FINENESS
OF
STAPLES
AND
YAMS
.
737
9.3.2.3
SPUN
FIBER
(STAPLE)
LENGTH
.
739
9.3.2.4
CRIMPING
(BULKING)
PROPERTIES
.
741
9.3.2.5
TWIST
AND
INTERMINGLING
(TANGLING)
.
744
9.3.3
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
.
748
9.3.3.1
TENSILE
TESTING
AND
PROPERTIES
DERIVED
THEREFROM
.
750
9.3.3.2
TENACITY
IN
THE
NON-AXIAL
DIRECTION
.
753
9.3.3.3
ELASTIC
PROPERTIES
.
754
9.3.4
SHRINKAGE
AND
SHRINKAGE
FORCE
.
756
9.3.4.1
SHRINKAGE
OF
FIBERS
AND
YAMS
.
756
9.3.4.2
SHRINKAGE
FORCE
.
760
9.3.5
UNIFORMITY
OF
YAMS
AND
FIBERS
.
763
9.3.5.1
TEST
METHODS
FOR
EXTERNAL
UNIFORMITY
.
766
9.3.5.2
TEST
METHODS
FOR
INTERNAL
UNIFORMITY
.
769
9.3.5.3
RESULTS
FROM
INVESTIGATIONS
INTO
UNIFORMITY,
AND
CAUSES
OF
NON-UNIFORMITY
.
771
9.4
FIBER
AND
END-USE
PROPERTIES
.
777
9.4.1
CAUSE
AND
EFFECT
CHAIN
BETWEEN
FIBER
AND
ENDPRODUCT
.
IT!
9.4.1.1
FIBER
SHAPE:
TACTILE
AND
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
.
777
9.4.1.2
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
FIBER
PROPERTIES
ON
VARIOUS
ENDPRODUCT
PROPERTIES
.
.
.
780
9.4.1.3
FIBER
PROPERTIES
AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOR
.
785
9.4.1.4
FIBER
MIXTURES
.
788
CONTENTS
XIX
9.5
METHODS
OF
FIBER
IDENTIFICATION
.
790
9.5.1
DIAGNOSTIC
DYEING
TESTS
.
796
9.5.2
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS
OF
FIBERS
.
796
9.5.3
SOLUBILITY
.
796
9.5.4
TYPE
REACTIONS
.
796
9.5.5
EMBEDDING
THE
FIBER
IN
SPECIFIC
REAGENTS
.
796
9.5.6
THERMAL
TESTS
.
801
9.5.7
INFRARED
SPECTRAL
ANALYSIS
.
801
LITERATURE
AND
FURTHER
READING
.
809
10
CONVERSION
FACTORS
AND
OTHER
TABLES
.
813
10.1
DECIMAL
DEFINITIONS
AND
SI
UNITS
.
814
10.2
DIMENSIONAL
CONVERSION
FACTORS
.
815
10.3
MOLECULAR
WEIGHTS
OF
RAW
MATERIALS
.
818
10.4
DEFINITION
OF
YAM
TYPES
ACCORDING
TO
SPINNING
AND
DRAWING
SPEED
.
819
10.5
ABBREVIATIONS
FOR
FIBERS,
POLYMERS,
PRE
AND
INTERMEDIATE
PRODUCTS
.
820
10.6
FORMULAS
FOR
SPINNING,
ETC
.
821
10.7
STATISTICS
.
822
10.8
PRE-PRODUCTS,
SOLIDS:
PROPERTIES
.
823
REFERENCES
.
831
11
FIBER
TABLES
.
833
INDEX
867 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Fourné, Franz |
| author_facet | Fourné, Franz |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fourné, Franz |
| author_variant | f f ff |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012102685 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TS1548 |
| callnumber-raw | TS1548.5 |
| callnumber-search | TS1548.5 |
| callnumber-sort | TS 41548.5 |
| callnumber-subject | TS - Manufactures |
| classification_rvk | UV 9050 ZS 5820 |
| classification_tum | FER 200f CIT 720f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)722515419 (DE-599)BVBBV012102685 |
| dewey-full | 677/.4 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 677 - Textiles |
| dewey-raw | 677/.4 |
| dewey-search | 677/.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3677 14 |
| dewey-tens | 670 - Manufacturing |
| discipline | Physik Handwerk und Gewerbe / Verschiedene Technologien Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Fertigungstechnik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV012102685 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T00:17:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3446160728 156990250X |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008194929 |
| oclc_num | 722515419 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-M347 DE-12 DE-210 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-M347 DE-12 DE-210 DE-703 |
| physical | XIX, 885 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Hanser [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Fourné, Franz Verfasser aut Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation Franz Fourné Munich Hanser [u.a.] 1999 XIX, 885 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Fourné, Franz: Synthetische Fasern Textile fibers, Synthetic Chemiefaserherstellung (DE-588)4318555-1 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine (DE-588)4125706-6 gnd rswk-swf Chemiefaserherstellung (DE-588)4318555-1 s Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine (DE-588)4125706-6 s DE-604 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008194929&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fourné, Franz Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation Textile fibers, Synthetic Chemiefaserherstellung (DE-588)4318555-1 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine (DE-588)4125706-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4318555-1 (DE-588)4125706-6 |
| title | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation |
| title_auth | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation |
| title_exact_search | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation |
| title_full | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation Franz Fourné |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation Franz Fourné |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic fibers machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation Franz Fourné |
| title_short | Synthetic fibers |
| title_sort | synthetic fibers machines and equipment manufacture properties handbook for plant engineering machine design and operation |
| title_sub | machines and equipment, manufacture, properties ; handbook for plant engineering, machine design and operation |
| topic | Textile fibers, Synthetic Chemiefaserherstellung (DE-588)4318555-1 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine (DE-588)4125706-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Textile fibers, Synthetic Chemiefaserherstellung Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschine |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008194929&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fournefranz syntheticfibersmachinesandequipmentmanufacturepropertieshandbookforplantengineeringmachinedesignandoperation |