Strategic management in a hostile environment: lessons from the tobacco industry
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Westport, Conn. [u.a.]
Quorum Books
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 189 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 156720158X |
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Contents
ILLUSTRATIONS vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
CHAPTER 1 Overview 1
DOMESTIC MARKET 4
MARKET DIVERSIFICATION 5
PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION 6
THE STUDY'S METHODOLOGY 6
STUDY STRUCTURE 7
CHAPTER 2 The Smoking and Health Issue 9
THE FIRST WAVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE—
MONOPOLY/OLIGOPOLY, 1911 1950 9
THE SECOND WAVE: THE HEALTH OF THE SMOKER,
1950 1964 10
THE SECOND WAVE: THE HEALTH OF THE SMOKER,
1964 1972 12
INDUSTRY REACTION TO THE SECOND WAVE 14
THE THIRD WAVE: THE RIGHTS OF THE NON SMOKER,
THE COST OF THE SMOKER, 1972 1995 14
REVIEW 16
THE EFFECTS OF THE THREE WAVES 19
EFFECT ON CIGARETTE ADVERTISING 31
EFFECT ON OVERALL CONSUMPTION 35
vi Contents
CHAPTER 3 Industry Response to Smoking and Health Issues 37
EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRY: AN OVERVIEW 39
EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRY, 1911 1950 43
PRODUCT INNOVATION AFTER 1950 43
REVIEW 50
CHAPTER 4 Theory and Hypotheses for Individual Firm's
Strategic Choices 61
EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND
PORTER'S ROLE 61
PORTER'S FRAMEWORK 63
METHODOLOGY 72
RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES 74
MATURE INDUSTRY HYPOTHESIS 76
CHAPTER 5 Hypotheses Tested by Individual Finn's Actual
Strategic Choices 81
PHILIP MORRIS 81
R.J. REYNOLDS 97
AMERICAN BRANDS 107
BROWN WILLIAMSON 115
LORILLARD 121
LIGGETT MYERS 126
CHAPTER 6 Analysis and Conclusions 133
THE HYPOTHESES REVISITED 137
ANALYSIS 140
WITH WHAT SUCCESS? 142
CONCLUSIONS 143
DISCUSSION 143
APPENDIX: Smokeless Tobacco 149
UST—REAPING THE BENEFITS OF MARKET DOMINANCE 150
BIBLIOGRAPHY 155
INDEX 187
Illustrations
FIGURES
Figure 1.1: U.S. Cigarette Consumption, 1950 1995 2
Figure 1.2: Growth, Maturity, and Decline in the U.S. Domestic
Cigarette Industry, 1930 1995 8
Figure 1.3: Evolution in the Cigarette Industry 8
Figure 2.1: Federal and State Tax Collection, 1950 1995 20
Figure 2.2: Tax Rate per Package, 1950 1995 21
Figure 2.3: Combined Federal and State Cigarette Taxes per
Package in Four States, 1970,1980,1990, and 1995 22
Figure 2.4: Former Smokers by Age, 1965 1993 24
Figure 2.5: Former Smokers by Sex, 1965 1993 25
Figure 2.6: Demographics of Smoking—Household Income, 1986 26
Figure 2.7: Demographics of Smoking—Education, 1966 1994 27
Figure 2.8: Demographics of Smoking—Education, 1994 28
Figure 2.9: Current Smokers by Race and Gender, 1965 1994 29
Figure 2.10: Former Smokers by Race and Gender, 1965 1993 30
Figure 2.11: Distribution of Cigarette Advertising Expenditures,
1970 1977 31
Figure 2.12: Distribution of Cigarette Advertising Expenditures,
1978 1985 32
Figure 2.13: Distribution of Cigarette Advertising Expenditures,
1986 1993 33
Figure 2.14: Cigarette Industry Expenditures on Public Entertainment
and Coupons, 1970 1993 34
Figure 2.15: U.S. Cigarette Consumption, 1950 1995 (Taxable Sales Only) 35
Figure 2.16: U.S. Cigarette Consumption per Capita, 1950 1995 36
Figure 3.1: U.S. Tobacco Industry Export of Cigarettes, 1950 1995 38
viii Illustrations
Figure 3.2: Growth, Maturity, and Decline in the U.S. Domestic Cigarette
Industry, 1930 1995 39
Figure 3.3: Brand Proliferation—Market Shares of Top 1, 3,4,10,
and 20 Brands, 1950 1995 50
Figure 3.4: Share of U.S. Market by Cigarette Type, 1950 1995 51
Figure 3.5: 1989 Market Share Among Black Smokers 53
Figure 3.6: Total Domestic Tobacco Sales, 1980 1995 54
Figure 3.7: Weighted Average (Median) Price per Package,
1954 1995 55
Figure 3.8: U.S. Cigarette Consumption versus Average Price
per Package, 1955 1995 56
Figure 3.9: Percentage Increase in Retail Price versus CPI, 1981 1995 57
Figure 3.10: Price Value Brands—Share of Total Cigarette
Market, 1982 1995 58
Figure 3.11: Annual Growth Comparison, 1986 1995: Top
Twenty Brands, Full Price Brands, and Price Value Brands 59
Figure 4.1: Evolution in the Cigarette Industry 75
Figure 5.1: Average State and Federal Cigarette Taxes as a
Percentage of Average Retain Prices, 1954 1995 84
Figure 5.2: Weighted Average (Median) Price per Package, 1954 1995 85
Figure 5.3: Average State and Federal Cigarette Taxes per Package,
1954 1995 86
Figure 5.4: U.S. Cigarette Industry Exports to East Asia, 1985 1995 89
Figure 5.5: U.S.Tobacco Industry Export of Cigarettes, 1950 1995 90
Figure 5.6: Company Shares in Price Value Market, 1980 1995 93
Figure 5.7: Philip Morris's Market Share: Domestic Cigarettes, 1950 1995 95
Figure 5.8: Philip Morris's Net Sales by Industry Segment, 1970 1995 96
Figure 5.9: R.J. Reynolds's Market Share: Domestic Cigarettes, 1950 1995 104
Figure 5.10: R. J. Reynolds's Net Sales by Industry Segment, 1970 1995 105
Figure 5.11: American Tobacco Market Share: Domestic Cigarettes,
1950 1995 112
Figure 5.12: American's Net Sales by Industry Segment, 1969 1995 113
Figure 5.13: B W Market Share: Domestic Cigarettes, 1950 1995 117
Figure 5.14: LoriUard Market Share. Domestic Cigarettes, 1950 1995 123
Figure 5.15: Loews's Net Sales by Industry Segment, 1970 1995 125
Figure 5.16: Price Value Brands: Share of Total Cigarette Market,
1980 1995 127
Figure 5.17: Liggett Myers's Market Share: Domestic Cigarettes,
1979 1995 128
Figure 5.18: Brooke Group's (L M) Net Sales by Industry Segment,
1965 1978,1989 1995 130
Figure 6.1: Market Share by Company, 1950 1995 134
Figure 6.2: Total Tobacco versus Other Sales, 1967 1995 135
Figure 6.3: Percentage of Sales: International Cigarettes, 1975 1995 136
Illustrations ix
Figure A. 1: UST Price Increases Relative to the PI, 1986 1994 151
TABLES
Table 3.1: All Brands Greater Than 2% Market Share, 1930,
1950, 1970, and 1990 40
Table 3.2: All Brands Greater Than 2% Market Share, 1991 1995 41
Table 6.1: Hypothesis 141 |
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| era | Geschichte 1911-1995 gnd |
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| publisher | Quorum Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Jones, Raymond M. Verfasser aut Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry Raymond M. Jones 1. publ. Westport, Conn. [u.a.] Quorum Books 1997 XII, 189 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1911-1995 gnd rswk-swf Changement social - États-Unis ram Overheidsbeleid gtt Strategisch management gtt Tabac - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - États-Unis - Histoire ram Tabaksindustrie gtt Ethik Geschichte Politik Antismoking movement United States Social change United States Tobacco industry Moral and ethical aspects United States Tobacco industry United States History Tobacco use Health aspects United States Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 gnd rswk-swf Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Tabakindustrie (DE-588)4184297-2 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheitsvorsorge (DE-588)4136584-7 gnd rswk-swf Zigarettenrauchen (DE-588)4190815-6 gnd rswk-swf Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 gnd rswk-swf Zigarettenindustrie (DE-588)4190812-0 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Tabakindustrie (DE-588)4184297-2 s Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 s Zigarettenrauchen (DE-588)4190815-6 s Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s Geschichte 1911-1995 z DE-604 Zigarettenindustrie (DE-588)4190812-0 s Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 s Gesundheitsvorsorge (DE-588)4136584-7 s DE-188 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007976651&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jones, Raymond M. Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry Changement social - États-Unis ram Overheidsbeleid gtt Strategisch management gtt Tabac - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - États-Unis - Histoire ram Tabaksindustrie gtt Ethik Geschichte Politik Antismoking movement United States Social change United States Tobacco industry Moral and ethical aspects United States Tobacco industry United States History Tobacco use Health aspects United States Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Tabakindustrie (DE-588)4184297-2 gnd Gesundheitsvorsorge (DE-588)4136584-7 gnd Zigarettenrauchen (DE-588)4190815-6 gnd Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 gnd Zigarettenindustrie (DE-588)4190812-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4253324-7 (DE-588)4112701-8 (DE-588)4184297-2 (DE-588)4136584-7 (DE-588)4190815-6 (DE-588)4124261-0 (DE-588)4190812-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry |
| title_auth | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry |
| title_exact_search | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry |
| title_full | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry Raymond M. Jones |
| title_fullStr | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry Raymond M. Jones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry Raymond M. Jones |
| title_short | Strategic management in a hostile environment |
| title_sort | strategic management in a hostile environment lessons from the tobacco industry |
| title_sub | lessons from the tobacco industry |
| topic | Changement social - États-Unis ram Overheidsbeleid gtt Strategisch management gtt Tabac - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis ram Tabac - Industrie et commerce - États-Unis - Histoire ram Tabaksindustrie gtt Ethik Geschichte Politik Antismoking movement United States Social change United States Tobacco industry Moral and ethical aspects United States Tobacco industry United States History Tobacco use Health aspects United States Umweltanalyse (DE-588)4253324-7 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Tabakindustrie (DE-588)4184297-2 gnd Gesundheitsvorsorge (DE-588)4136584-7 gnd Zigarettenrauchen (DE-588)4190815-6 gnd Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 gnd Zigarettenindustrie (DE-588)4190812-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Changement social - États-Unis Overheidsbeleid Strategisch management Tabac - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis Tabac - Industrie et commerce - Aspect sanitaire - États-Unis Tabac - Industrie et commerce - États-Unis - Histoire Tabaksindustrie Ethik Geschichte Politik Antismoking movement United States Social change United States Tobacco industry Moral and ethical aspects United States Tobacco industry United States History Tobacco use Health aspects United States Umweltanalyse Bekämpfung Tabakindustrie Gesundheitsvorsorge Zigarettenrauchen Strategisches Management Zigarettenindustrie USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007976651&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jonesraymondm strategicmanagementinahostileenvironmentlessonsfromthetobaccoindustry |