World War I:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Westport, Conn. [u.a.]
Greenwood Press
1997
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Greenwood Press guides to historic events of the twentieth century
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 257 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0313298807 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804126342560612352 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS SERIES FOREWORD BY RANDALL M. MILLER XI INTRODUCTION XV
CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS XIX WORLD WAR I EXPLAINED 1 OVERVIEW OF THE WAR 3 2
ANATOMY OF CATASTROPHE: SOMME AND CHEMIN DES DAMES 35 3 ANATOMY OF
SUCCESS: THE WAR AGAINST THE SUBMARINE 49 4 THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD
WAR I 63 5 THE HOME FRONT 81 6 WAR AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE OLD ORDER:
RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 97 7 CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR: A CONTEMPORARY
PERSPECTIVE 113 BIOGRAPHIES: THE PERSONALITIES BEHIND THE WAR 127
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS OF THE WAR 173 GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS 213
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 217 INDEX 243 A PHOTO ESSAY FOLLOWS PAGE 80
Index
A Broken World (Marcel),
116
Across the River and into the Trees
(Hemingway),
78
Adler, Friedrich, 109
Adriatic Sea,
108, 195
AEF (American Expeditionary
Forces),
75, 159, 161, 213.
See
also individual units
Aerial operations: Allied attacks on
German submarines at sea,
57-58;
Allied operations against German
cities,
83;
bombardment of Ger¬
man submarine bases in Belgium,
58-59;
Zeppelin attacks on Britain
and France,
83
Africa,
90, 123
Aircraft carrier,
124-25
Airplanes,
125
Aisne
River,
13,44,215
Albania,
84, 195
Albanians, in Yugoslavia,
118
Alcohol: restrictions on production
and use in Britain,
58, 86-87;
in
the United States,
73-74
Alekseev, Mikhail,
129-30, 156
Alexander III, tsar of Russia,
100
Alexandra, empress of Russia,
99,
101, 155-57
Alexis, heir to Russian throne,
101
Alix
of Hesse-Darmstadt,
99, 101,
155-57
All Quiet on the Western Front (Re¬
marque),
123
Allenby, Edmund,
32, 119-20
Allies,
213.
See also Entente
Alsace-Lorraine,
5, 118, 214
American Civil War, military lessons
of,
11-12
American Protective League,
73
Americanization programs,
73
Amiens,
137, 141
Anglo-American relations. See Great
Britain; United States
Anti-Submarine Division, Royal
Navy,
54
Anti-Trust Division, United States
Department of Justice,
70
Arabia,
119
Argentina,
25, 58
244
INDEX
Armenia,
massacres,
121-22. See
also Ottoman Empire
Armistice
of
November 1918, 32, 86,
88, 93-94, 117, 121;
Foch
and
military terms of,
138;
and Four¬
teen Points,
214;
opposition of
General Pershing,
161
Army of the Rhine, United States
(AEF),
77
Arras,
43
Art, modern,
124
Article
231.
See Versailles, Treaty of;
War guilt clause
Artillery: campaign on eastern front,
17;
in combination with infantry,
37;
in German offensive of
1918,
30;
in
Nivelle
offensive of
1917,
43^4;
at the
Somme,
40-41;
at
Verdun,
19
Artois,
16, 37, 43, 131, 135, 137, 162
Asquith,
H. H.:
in July Crisis of
1914, 10;
resigns as prime minis¬
ter,
23;
woman s suffrage,
94
Asquith, Raymond,
116
Atlantic Bridge,
59
Attaturk, Kemal,
150
Auclert, Hubertine,
95
Audacious, battleship, sinking of,
50
Augspurg, Anita,
95
Australia,
58;
troops at Gallipoli,
16
Austria, postwar republic,
110-11,
118,203-5
Austria-Hungary,
4, 7, 38, 152-54;
and Brusilov offensive of
1916,
22, 101;
campaign in
Galicia
in
1914-1915, 106;
Caporetto offen¬
sive,
1917, 102, 109, 137;
civilian
population in wartime,
84—96
pas¬
sim; collapse of imperial structure
in
1918, 32, 76, 110, 115;
collapse
of Italian front,
110;
combat
against Italy,
1915, 17;
ethnic ten¬
sions in,
5, 164;
food shortages,
109;
invasion of Serbia in
1914,
11, 14;
invasion of Serbia in
1915,
16, 106, 195;
offensive at Gorlice-
Tarnow,
107;
origins of World
War I,
8—10, 213;
parliaments in,
108-9;
places forces under Ger¬
man command on eastern front,
22;
revolution of
1918, 104-11
Austro-Hungarian army,
107-8
Baghdad,
119
Bainsizza Plateau,
107
Balfour, Arthur,
6
Balkan Wars,
1912-13, 4, 133
Baltic Sea,
37
Barbed wire,
14, 35, 52
Baruch, Bernard,
68, 70, 170
Battleships,
6, 60
Beatty, David,
166
BEF
(British Expeditionary Force),
213;
in
1914
campaign,
11-13;
1916
campaign at the Battle of the
Somme,
40-42.
See also individ¬
ual units
Belgium: American sympathy for,
64;
German occupation of,
22, 84;
invasion of,
10-12;
submarine
bases in,
28;
territorial gains after
the war,
117, 120
Belleau Wood, Battle of,
160
Beneš, Eduard,
152, 154
Benson, William,
166
Berchthold, Leopold
von, 10
Bereavement,
84, 183-86
Berlin,
8, 17, 87, 90-93
Berlin, Iowa, renamed Lincoln,
73
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald
von,
168, 197;
biography,
127-29;
fear
of domestic upheaval,
9;
fear of
Russia,
6-7;
July crisis of
1914, 9-
10, 128;
military strategy,
10,
128;
mother s nationality,
82;
INDEX
245
ouster at hands of Ludendorff,
129, 151;
speech by,
173-74
Binet intelligence test,
72
Biological weapons,
125
Bismarck,
Otto von, 7
Black and Tans,
116
Black Death, 14th century,
4
Black Hand,
164-65, 213
Black Sea,
102
Blank check,
213.
See also July crisis
of
1914
Bobrinsky, Vladimir,
6
Boer War,
7;
military lessons of,
11
Bolshevik Party,
29,
103^ł,
144-47,
208
Bolshevik Revolution,
29, 103-4,
118, 130, 156.
See also November
Revolution; Russia
Borkum Island,
37
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
6, 163-64
Bosnians, in Austro-Hungarian Em¬
pire,
105
Boulanger,
Georges,
121
Brabant, province of, executions in,
84
Brangwyn, Frank,
91
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of,
29, 147,
152,215
Briand,
Aristide,
154
British army s Staff College,
39
British Empire,
120
British Legion,
141
Brittain, Vera, 84;
memoirs of war¬
time experiences,
183—86
Brooke, Rupert,
90
Brown, John,
125
Brown, Judith M.,
120
Broz, Joseph (Tito),
119
Brusilov, Alexis,
22, 101, 107, 156;
biography,
129-30
Brusilov offensive of
1916, 18, 20,
22, 51, 101, 129-30, 134, 136
Bryan, William Jennings,
64
Bulgaria,
4, 17, 22, 38, 106, 195
Cadorna,
Luigi,
17, 22, 38, 107, 158
Caillaux, Joseph,
24
Callahan,
George,
141
Cambrai,
Battle of,
39
Cambridge University,
116
Caporetto, Battle of,
102, 109, 137,
157-58
Carpathian Mountains,
17, 106—7
Casualties, civilian,
83-84, 114
Casualties, military,
183;
in
1914, 14;
at the Battle of Verdun,
20;
at the
Battle of the
Somme,
20, 41—42,
46;
at
Nivelle
offensive,
46;
suf¬
fered by the United States,
77;
wartime total,
114
Caucasus,
119
Cavalry,
20
Censorship,
88-89
Census of
1897,
Russian,
100
Center Party, Germany,
95, 205
Central Powers,
14, 64, 76, 214;
col¬
lapse in
1918, 32;
moral standards,
92;
sign peace treaty with Russia,
29;
success in
1915
campaigns,
14;
treatment in Fourteen Points,
30;
unified army command in,
10
Chamberlain, Neville,
116
Champagne,
16, 37, 43, 131, 136, 162
Chanak Crisis of
1922, 150
Charles, Emperor of Austria-Hun¬
gary,
24, 106,110, 135, 154
Chateau-Thierry, Battle of,
160
Chechens,
100
Chemical weapons. See Gas, poison
Chemin des
Dames, Battle of. See
Nivelle
offensive
Chicago, race riots in,
68
Chicago Defender,
68
Chile,
25
China,
90
Churchill, Winston,
37, 124, 141
246
INDEX
Civilian life in wartime,
81-96, 102;
bereavement,
84;
censorship,
88-
89;
factory work force,
89-90;
food shortages and rationing,
85-
86, 94, 102, 109;
living standards,
87;
moral standards,
91-94, 200-
202;
propaganda,
90—91;
refugees,
194—97, 203—5;
under enemy occu¬
pation,
84
Civil-military relations,
36, 43
Clausewitz,
Karl von, 97
Clemenceau,
Georges,
47, 137-38,
145, 148, 171;
biography,
130-32;
and civilian control of military
strategy,
10—11, 132;
military aid
to Italy,
158; 1918
offensive,
46,
132;
sister-in-law s nationality,
82
Coal shortages,
87
Coblenz,
77
Cologne,
83
Committee of Public Information,
United States,
69
Communism,
19, 122—23
Constantine
I, King of Greece,
23
Convoys,
26, 53-60, 142^3, 166
Corfu,
165
Cornet-
Auquier, André,
letters con¬
cerning wartime service,
180—83
Coronel,
Battle of,
25
Cossacks,
102
Craig, Gordon,
95
Crankshaw, Edward,
106-8
Creel, George,
68-69
Crete,
114
Crimean War,
100
Croats, in Austro-Hungarian Empire,
107, 110
Cubism,
124
cummings,
e. e.,
77-78
Cuxhaven naval base,
6
Czecho-Slovak National Council,
109
Czechoslovakia,
76, 108, 110, 118-
19, 122
Czechs, in Austro-Hungarian Empire,
105, 107, 109
Dadaists,
123
Daisy, Princess of Pless (Mary Ther¬
esa Olivia Cornwallis-West),
82
Damascus,
91, 119
Danzig,
90
De Groot,
Gerard,
38
Délcassé,
Theophile, 7-8
Denmark,
26, 117
Depression of the
1930s, 114
Depth Charges,
57, 59
Destroyers, in anti-submarine cam¬
paign,
54
Devlin, Patrick,
186
DeWeerd, Harvey,
30
Diaz, Armando,
29, 158
Dictatorship,
121
District of Columbia,
71
Divorce rates,
92, 94
Dix,
Otto,
124
Doenitz, Karl,
56, 59
DORA (Defence of the Realm Act),
88-89
Dortmund,
90
Dos
Passos,
John,
78
Dover Strait,
58
Doyle, Arthur Conan,
90-91
Du Bois, W.E.B.,
77
Dual Empire. See Austria-Hungary
Duff, Alexander,
54-55
Duma (Russian parliament),
6, 97,
99, 155
East
Germantown,
Indiana, renamed
Pershing,
73
East Prussia,
118
East St. Louis, Illinois, race riots in,
68
Easter uprising of
1916, 98, 116
Eastern front,
214
Ebert, Friedrich,
32
The Economic Consequences of the
Peace (Keynes),
115
INDEX
247
Egypt,
120
Eighth Army, German army,
151
Eighth Army, Russian army,
129
8th Division
(BEF),
41
Ekaterinburg,
156
English Channel,
13, 25, 53
Entente,
213;
decisive victory in
1918, 30;
unified army command
in,
10
Erdt,
Hans Rudi,
91
Erzberger, Matthias, on Versailles
Peace Treaty,
205-8
Espionage Act (June
1917),
United
States,
72
Essen,
89-90
Expressionism,
124
Falkenhayn, Erich
von, 128, 168:
and
Battle of Verdun,
19, 38-39, 135-
36, 191-94;
biography,
135-36;
campaigns against Russia,
17,
151 ;
conducts campaign against
Rumania,
22, 136;
and First Battle
of Ypres,
38;
relieved as German
chief of staff,
22, 23,42
Falklands,
Battle of,
25
A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway),
123
Fascism,
123
Fascist Party, Italy,
159
Faulkner, William,
77-78
I Corps
(BEF),
139
First Day on the
Somme
(Middle-
brook),
113
Fisher, John,
141
Fiume,
158
Handers,
28, 43, 58, 139^0
Fleming, John,
124
Foch,
Ferdinand: becomes Allied su¬
preme commander,
31, 132, 137—
38, 149, 163;
biography,
136-38;
military provisions of Armistice,
138;
and
1918
offensive,
46, 137-
38, 158
Food blockade,
188-91
Food rationing,
189-91;
in Britain,
58-59, 86-87;
in France,
86;
in
Germany,
85-86;
in United States,
69
Forester,
C. S.,
35
42nd (Rainbow) Division (AEF),
71
Four Minute Men,
69
Fourteen Points,
30, 76, 108, 117,
171,214
Fourth Army
(BEF),
41
France,
5, 7;
American ties to,
64;
armed forces enter Greece,
1915,
22;
bars Soviet Union and Ger¬
many from membership in League
of Nations,
116;
civilian experi¬
ence during the war,
81-96
pas¬
sim; demands on Germany at
Versailles Conference,
16—
Π
;
ex¬
pansion of industry,
90;
under Ger¬
man occupation,
22;
invasion of,
11—13;
Nivelle
offensive and army
mutinies of
1917, 26-27;
and ori¬
gins of World War I,
8-10;
territo¬
rial gains after the war,
117—12;
and western front in
1915, 14, 16.
See also French army
Franchet d Esperey, Louis,
32, 110
Franco-Prussian War,
5, 81, 131, 137
Franco-Russian Alliance,
7
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke,
3-4,
133;
assassination of,
8-9, 128,
163-65, 168, 213
Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-
Hungary,
105-6, 133, 135
Frederick II, King of Prussia,
36
French, John,
16, 139-40, 142, 213
French army: decline in discipline
and stability,
42;
mutiny of,
46,
98, 162
French North Africa,
120
248
INDEX
Freud, Sigmund, 3
Galicia,
invasion
of,
1914, 14, 106
Galliéni, Joseph,
144
Gallipoli
campaign,
1915, 14, 16,
119-20
Garrigue, Charlotte,
153
Gas,
poison,
124-25;
introduction in
1915, 16
Geddes, Eric,
57, 143
The General
(Forester),
35
General Staff,
Germany,
150
George
V, King of Great Britain,
156;
in July crisis of
1914, 10
German army. See individual units
German East Africa,
120
German navy: raids English coast,
83;
scuttled at close of the war,
117.
See also High Seas Fleet;
Submarine warfare
Germans, ethnic, in Russia,
100;
in
Yugoslavia,
118
Germany,
5-7, 122;
alliance with Aus¬
tria-Hungary,
7;
barred from mem¬
bership in League of Nations,
116;
Brusilov offensive,
22, 107;
Caporetto offensive,
29, 107;
civil¬
ian experience during the war,
81-
96
passim; collapse at close of the
war,
32, 115;
industrial growth of,
5;
invasion of Rumania,
20, 22,
107;
invasion of Russia,
1915, 17—
18;
invasion of Serbia,
1915, 16-
17, 107, 195;
naval operations and
the submarine war,
24—26;
naval
power of,
6;
offensive mentality,
38;
offensives in
1918, 39;
and ori¬
gins of World War I,
8-10;
post¬
war army strength,
115, 117;
postwar malnutrition,
94;
relations
with the United States,
1914-
1916, 64-65;
retreat of army on
western front in
1917, 84;
takes
control of Austro-Hungarian
forces,
22;
use of counterattacks,
39, 42;
war plans and their imple¬
mentation,
11—13, 38.
See also
German army; German navy; Wei¬
mar Republic
Gibbs, Philip,
28
Glitra, steamer, sinking of,
50
Goodbye to All That (Graves),
123
Gordon, John Steele,
114
Goremykin, Ivan,
99
Gorizia,
17
Gorłice-Tarnow
offensive,
1915, 17-
18,38, 101, 107, 134
Goschen,
Edward,
173
Grand Beet, British,
49, 52, 54, 141-
42, 166
Graves, Robert,
123
Great Britain,
5;
American ties to,
64;
armed forces enter Greece,
1915,
23;
bars Germany and Soviet Un¬
ion from League of Nations,
115;
civilian experience during the war,
81-96
passim; demands on Ger¬
many at Versailles Conference,
76;
first use of aircraft carrier,
124-25;
and Irish Home Rule,
9,
116;
naval operations and the anti¬
submarine war,
24-26, 49-60;
postwar territorial gains,
119-20;
sympathy for Czechoslovak state,
109;
vulnerability to food block¬
ade,
52, 55.
See also
BEF
(British
Expeditionary Force); Grand
Fleet; Royal Navy
Greece,
4;
Anglo-French intervention
into,
23;
enters the war,
19, 23
Grenoble,
90
Haase, Hugo,
93
Haber,
Fritz,
124
Habsburg
Empire. See Austria-Hun¬
gary
INDEX
249
Habsburg
family,
105
Hague Congress, April
1915, 95
Haig, Field Marshal Sir Douglas,
38,
43, 138, 148-49, 192, 213;
Battle
of Loos,
139^0;
Battle of the
Somme,
20, 35-37, 39-43, 139-
40;
begins command of British Ex¬
peditionary Force,
16;
biography,
139^1;
British Legion com¬
mander,
141;
First Battle of Ypres,
139;
formation of his military phi¬
losophy,
40;
Ludendorff offensive,
140-41;
Third Battle of Ypres,
28,
58
Hallett, Robin,
120
Halpern, Paul,
25
Hamburg,
90, 93
Hamerow, Theodore,
9
Harnack, Adolf
von, 90
Hartlepool, bombardment of,
83
Hate the Hun, propaganda cam¬
paign, United States,
72
Hela,
cruiser, sinking of,
50
Heligoland,
37, 50
Hemingway, Ernest,
77-78, 123
Henderson, Arthur,
94
Henderson, Reginald,
55—56
Henry, Prince of Pless,
82
High Seas Fleet (Germany),
25, 32,
142
Hindenburg, Paul
von, 38, 128, 135,
150-51; 1915
campaign against
Russia,
18;
takes over as German
supreme commander,
23, 42;
and
Tannenberg
campaign,
13-14
Hindenburg Program,
151
Hitler, Adolf:
113, 115, 118, 121-22,
150, 169;
at First Battle of Ypres,
38;
in July
1914, 3;
tie to Luden¬
dorff,
152
Hoffmann, Frederick J.,
78
Hoffmann, Max,
Tannenberg
cam¬
paign,
13
HohenzoUerzn Redoubt,
39
Holmes, Oliver Wendell,
72
Honour, Hugh,
124
Hoover, Herbert,
68-69
Hotel Westminister, Berlin, renamed
Lindenhof, 91
Hötzendorf,
Conrad
von:
attitude to
Serbia,
5;
in Balkan crisis of
1908,
8;
biography,
133-35;
in July cri¬
sis of
1914, 10, 133-34;
in
1914
campaign,
14
House, Edward,
64, 66
Hughes, Charles Evans,
65—66
Hungarians,
105, 107-8, 118
Hungary,
107
Hydrophones,
57
Hymn of Hate,
82
Illegitimacy, level of,
92
Immigrants, to France,
90
India,
120, 123
Indo-China,
French,
120
Infantry tactics:
Nivelle s
novel use
at
Chemin des
Dames,
43—44;
novel use by German infantry in
1918,30-31
Inflation, in wartime,
102.
See also
Civilian life in wartime
Inflation, postwar,
122
Influenza epidemic of
1918-19, 77
Intellectuals,
77-78, 90-91
Intelligence testing, in United States,
72
International Women s Day,
97, 102
Iran,
119
Iran-Iraq War,
125
Iraq,
119
Ireland,
9, 116, 125
Irish Free State,
116
Isonzó
River,
17, 22, 29, 38, 107
Italy: acceptance of Yugoslav state,
109;
battles of
1915, 17;
campaign
of
1916, 20, 22;
defeated at
250
INDEX
Caporetto, 1917, 26, 29, 102, 107;
enters the war,
17;
prewar dictator¬
ship,
121. See also Caporetto,
Bat¬
tle of
Jahn, Hubertus, 91
Japan, 123
Jarman, Clarrie, 113
Jellicoe, John, 26, 50, 54-55, 59;
Bat¬
tle of Jutland,
142;
biography,
141^-3;
commander of Grand
Fleet,
141-42;
First Sea Lord,
142-43;
submarine war,
142-43
Jewish Holocaust,
121
Jews,
119
Joffre, Joseph,
137, 140, 192;
Battle
of Verdun,
143, 145, 162;
biogra¬
phy,
143^4-5;
defeat of German
1914
offensive,
13, 144;
First
Battle of the
Marne,
144;
French
military strategy,
10; 1915
cam¬
paign,
15, 37, 131;
relieved of
command,
43
Joint Parliamentary Committee, Ger¬
man Reichstag,
95
Jones, Fortier, memoirs on Serbian ci¬
vilians in
1915, 194-97
July crisis of
1914, 8-Ю, 128, 134,
213
Jünger,
Ernst,
121
Jutland, Battle of,
25, 50, 52, 124,
142, 168
Juvenile delinquency in wartime,
82,
92-93
Kapp
Putsch,
152
Karlsruhe,
83
Kennan, George,
114
Kerensky, Alexander,
28, 104, 130,
214
Kerensky offensive, summer
1917,
29, 130
Keyes, Roger,
58-59
Keynes, John Maynard,
115
Khaki fever,
93
Khants,
100
Kiel,
32, 90
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes,
118
Kitchener, Horatio,
37, 40, 175
Knightley, Phillip,
14
Kohl, Helmut,
113
Kollwitz, Käthe, 124
Kornilov, Gen. Lavr,
104
Kotor,
Gulf of,
108
Krupp
Industries,
89
La Follette,
Robert,
198
La voie sacrée,
19
Labor movement and unrest,
93—94,
109
Labor Party, British,
94
Langer,
William,
63
Lansdowne, Lord, peace proposal,
89
Lansing, Robert,
154
Latin America,
5
Lawrence,
T. E.,
119
Lawrence of Arabia, painting by
James McBey,
91
League of Nations,
76—77, 115-16,
119-20, 171,215
League of Nations Covenant,
115
Le Creusot,
90
Leeds,
83
Leipzig,
93
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich,
100, 214;
bi¬
ography,
145^7;
in July
1914, 3;
seizes power in November
1917,
29, 103-4, 130, 147, 151, 208
Levée en
masse,
1793, 81
Lewis, Bernard,
119
Liebknecht, Karl, 93
Liège,
150
Life magazine,
68
Lippmann,
Walter,
3
Littauer, Ernst,
82
INDEX
251
Lloyd George, David, 132;
becomes
prime
minister, 23-24;
biography,
148-50;
and civilian control of
military,
10-11 ;
helps to over¬
come U-boat offensive,
54-56,
143, 148;
military aid to Italy,
158;
minister of munitions,
88, 90,
148;
plans for Balkan offensive,
37, 149;
plans for
Nivelle
offen¬
sive,
43;
policy toward Austria-
Hungary,
149;
relationship with
General Haig,
149;
sanctuary for
Nicholas II,
156;
speech by,
175-
77;
Versailles Conference,
149,
171
Lodge, Henry Cabot,
78, 171
Loire River,
160
London,
83, 90
London, Treaty of,
158
Loos, Battle of,
16, 36-37, 39, 139-
40
Loucheur, Louis,
132
Lough Swilly, naval base at,
50
Louvain, burned by Germans,
84
Ludendorff, General Eric,
38, 128,
135, 155;
biography,
150-52;
and
Hindenburg take over supreme
command,
23, 42, 151, 168; 1915
campaign against Russia,
18; 1918
offensives,
30-31, 39, 75, 136,
138, 140-41, 147, 149, 152;
and
Nivelle
offensive,
44;
resignation,
32, 152;
and submarine warfare,
24, 51, 151-52;
and
Tannenberg
campaign,
13-14, 150-51
Lusitânia,
sinking of,
50—51, 65, 91,
170, 186-88
Luvaas, Jay,
11-12
Macartney, C.
Α.,
105, 109
Macedonia,
164
Machine guns,
52;
in
1915, 36;
at
Nivelle
offensive,
45;
used at the
Somme,
40-41;
used at Verdun,
19
Mackensen, August
von, 134;
cam¬
paign against Rumania,
1916, 22;
1915
campaign against Russia,
Π¬
Ι
8;
campaign against Serbia,
1915, 18, 195
Mahan, Alfred Thayer,
53
Mainz,
83
Malraux, André,
123
Malvy, Louis,
24, 132
Mandates and Mandate System. See
League of Nations
Mangin, Charles,
163
Mann, Thomas,
90
Marcel, Gabriel,
116
March Revolution,
214.
See also Rus¬
sia
Marne,
First Battle of,
13, 137, 144,
162
Marne,
Second Battle of,
39, 75, 132,
163
Marseilles,
90
Marto
v, Julius,
100
Marwick, Arthur,
114
Marx, Karl,
100
Marxist revolutionary movement, in
Russia,
100, 144^7
Masaryk,
Thomas,
108, 119;
advo¬
cate and founder of Czechoslovak
state,
153-54;
biography,
152-55;
prewar efforts to reform Austria-
Hungary,
153
Masurian Lakes,
13
Matisse, Henri,
124
Max of Baden,
76, 95, 169, 205
Mayer,
Arno,
8-9
McAdoo, William,
68, 70
McBey, James,
91
Mediterranean Sea,
51-53, 102
Metropolitan Opera Company, New
York,
73
252
INDEX
Meuse-Argonne,
Battle of,
31, 75,
160-61,213
Mexico, 66-67, 159, 198
Michaelis, Georg, 151
Micheler, Alfred, 44
Middlebrook, Martin, 40, 113
Military
discipline, decline of,
23-24
Miliukov, Paul,
103
Mine fields, naval,
53, 57—58
Ministry of Food, Great Britain,
58
Minoan Civilization,
114
Mitterand,
François,
113
Mogilev, Russian military headquar¬
ters at,
102, 156
Moltke,
Helmuth
von, 135;
in Balkan
crisis of
1908, 8;
and failure of
Germany s
1914
offensive,
13;
in
July crisis of
1914, 10;
making va¬
cation plans for July,
1914, 3;
re¬
moved from office,
168
Montenegro,
84, 106, 195
Moral standards: postwar,
94;
in war¬
time,
91-93
Moscow,
100, 104, 147
Moslems, in Russia,
100
Munich Pact of
1938, 119
Munitions of War Act, Great Britain,
88
Murmansk,
165
Mussolini,
Benito, 121, 159
Mutiny: Austrian army and navy,
1918, 108;
French army,
1917,46,
98, 131, 162;
Russian army,
1917,
102
Napoleon I: military principles of,
11 ;
as supreme political and mili¬
tary commander,
36
Napoleon III,
121
Napoleonic Wars, naval operations,
25
National Bread, France,
86
National Guard, United States,
71
National Origins Acts in
1920s,
United States,
79
Naval Act of
1916,
United States,
65
Naval blockade, British,
25.
See also
Food blockade
Naval operations,
24-26.
See also
Submarine warfare
Naval plans, prewar,
25
Navy, France, evacuation of Serbian
army,
16
Navy, Germany, construction of,
5-6
Navy, Great Britain, defeat at Gal-
lipoli,
16
Navy, United States. See United
States Navy; Wilson, Woodrow
NEP
(New Economic Policy),
147
The Netherlands,
84
Newfoundland,
125
New York Times, editorials on the
war,
186-88, 197-200
New Zealand, troops at Gallipoli,
16
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia,
3, 4;
biog¬
raphy,
155—57;
in July crisis of
1914, 10, 155;
March
1917
revolu¬
tion and abdication,
97, 103, 156;
personality and policies,
98-99;
wartime leadership of army,
101—
2, 155-56
92nd Division (AEF),
71-72
93rd Division (AEF),
72
Nitrogen,
124
Nivelle,
Robert,
27-28, 38, 42-45,
145, 162.
See also
Nivelle
offen¬
sive
Nivelle
offensive,
27, 35, 42-46, 131
No Man s Land,
214.
See also
Trenches and trench warfare
North Sea,
25, 37, 50, 52, 54, 83
North Sea Mine Barrier,
58
Norway,
25, 50, 57-58, 83
November Revolution,
103^, 214.
See also Bolshevik Revolution;
Russia
INDEX
253
Novoe Vremya, 6
Nuclear
weapons,
125
O Brien,
Patrick, 114
Official Secrets Act of
1920,
Great
Britain,
89
180th Regiment, German Army,
41
Orlando,
Vittorio,
biography,
157—
59;
peace negotiations,
158;
war¬
time leadership,
157—58
Ostend,
58-59
Ottoman Empire,
119;
Armenian mas¬
sacres,
121-22;
decline of,
4, 105;
dismantled at Versailles,
76;
en¬
ters war on side of Central Pow¬
ers,
14, 102;
successful defense of
Gallipoli,
16
Oxford University,
116
Painlevé, Paul,
44
Palestine,
32, 119, 136
Pan-Slavism,
6
The Parents
(Kollwitz), 124
Paris: base for French counterattack
at the
Marne,
13;
bombarded by
German naval artillery,
83;
ex¬
posed to capture by German army,
18;
as industrial center,
90
Passchendaele, Battle of,
27-28.
See
also Ypres, Third Battle of
Paths of Glory,
46-47
Patton,
George,
31
Peace settlement,
115—16
Pershing, John ( Black Jack ),
75,
138, 165-67, 213;
biography,
159-
61;
Meuse-Argonne
campaign,
160-61;
opposition to terms of
1918
Armistice,
161;
St. Mihiel
campaign,
160
Pershing s Crusaders,
69
Persian Gulf,
53, 119
Persian Gulf War,
125
Pétain,
Philippe,
137-38, 140, 144;
biography,
161-63;
criticizes
Niv¬
elle s
plans,
45;
faces Luden-
dorff
s
1918
offensive,
162-63;
takes over following
Nivelle
offen¬
sive,
27-28, 46, 162;
at Verdun,
19-20, 135, 161-62
Petrograd, 10, 97, 100-101, 104, 147,
156, 214.
See also St. Petersburg
Petrograd
Soviet,
103^
Philadelphia Orchestra,
73
Piave River,
29
Picardy,
91
Picasso, Pablo,
3, 124
Piedmont-Savoy, Kingdom of,
105
Plan
XVII, 144
Plattsburg, New
York, training pro¬
gram for officers,
65
Poland,
5,76, 110, 117-18
Polish Corridor,
117-18
Polivanov, Alexis,
156
Populist revolutionary movement, in
Russia,
100
Poronin,
3
Potiorek, Oscar,
134
Press Bureau, Great Britain,
88
Press Department, General Staff, Ger¬
many,
88
Priestley, J.
В.,
124
Princip,
Gavrilo,
4;
biography,
163-
65
Prittwitz, Max
von, 150
Progressive party, Germany,
95
Progressives and Progressive move¬
ment, United States,
67, 71
Prohibition in United States,
73-74
Propaganda,
69, 90-91
Provisional government, in Russia,
28, 103, 146, 208, 214
Prussia,
105
The Prussian Cur,
69
Prussian Diet,
95
Przemyśl,
siege of,
106
Q
ships,
53
254
INDEX
Queen s Royal West Surrey Regi¬
ment
(BEF),
ИЗ
Radio,
125
RAF (Royal Air Force),
125
Rasputin,
101, 106, 155-56
Rawlinson, Herbert, General,
40-41,
140
Red Guards,
214.
See also November
Revolution
Refugees,
84, 194-97
Reichstag, Germany,
9, 76, 95
Reims,
43
Remarque, Erich Maria,
123
Rennenkampf,
Paul
von,
and Tannen-
berg campaign,
13-14
Reparations debt. See Versailles,
Treaty of
Revolution of
1905,
in Russia,
6, 155
Rhineland,
115,132, 147
Ribot,
Alexandre, 43
Richmond, Herbert,
55-56
Robién,
Louis
de,
diary on Russian
Revolution,
208-11
Romanov dynasty,
97
Rommel,
Erwin, 31
Room
40,
British Admiralty,
58
Roosevelt, Franklin,
161
Roosevelt, Theodore,
3, 165;
and An¬
glo-American friendship,
7;
criti¬
cizes American neutrality,
66, 159
Rouen,
90
Royal Canadian Air Force,
78
Royal Navy, Great Britain,
25-26,
37, 49-60
passim,
74
Royal Oak, battleship, sinking of,
59
Rumania,
4;
campaign of
1916, 20,
22, 107, 136;
enters the war,
19,
42;
postwar expansion,
110, 118
Russia,
4, 7, 8, 115;
Brusilov offen¬
sive of
1916, 20, 22, 107;
defeat
by Germany,
1915, 17-18, 100;
empire dismantled at Versailles,
76;
forced evacuation of civilian
population,
100;
German fears of
Russian strength,
7;
invasion of
Germany in
1914, 11, 13-14, 100;
non-Russian population,
100, 103;
and origins of World War I,
8-10;
prewar industrialization,
100;
pre¬
war revolutionary movements,
100;
Revolution of
1905, 99;
Revolutions of
1917, 27, 97-104,
110-11, 114, 130-31, 147, 208-
11, 214.
See also Nicholas II; Rus¬
sian army
Russian army. See individual units
Russification,
100
Russo-Japanese War,
11, 155
Russo-Turkish War,
129
Ryan, Stephen,
27
Salonika,
38, 110, 131, 195
Salzburg,
110
Samoa,
5
Samsonov, Alexander, and Tannen-
berg campaign,
13-14, 151
Sarajevo,
3
Saudi Arabia,
119
Saunders, Robert,
24
Sazonov, Sergei,
6;
in July crisis of
1914, 10
Scapa
Flow, naval base at,
50, 59, 117
Scarborough, bombardment of,
83
Scheidemann, Philipp, 115, 206
Schlieffen Plan,
12-13, 144
Schreiner,
George Abel,
85-86, 92;
memoirs of the war,
188-91, 200-
202
Science, development during the war,
124-25
Scotland,
25, 57-58
Second Army, German,
150
Sedition Act (May
1918),
United
States,
72
Seeckt, Hans von, 134
INDEX
255
Selective
Service
Act,
United States,
71
Self Portrait
as Mars (Dix),
124
Senate,
United States,
rejects Treaty
of Versailles. See United States
Serbia,
4-5, 163;
and causes of An¬
glo-French intervention in Greece,
22;
defeated and occupied by Cen¬
tral Powers,
1915, 16, 22, 84, 106,
194—97;
escape of its army to
Adriatic Sea,
16, 84;
founding of
Yugoslavia,
119, 122-23, 158;
lib¬
eration in
1918, 32;
nationalism
in,
8 ;
and origins of World War I,
8-10;
repels Austrian invasion,
1914, 14, 106
Serbs, in Austria-Hungary,
5
Serfdom, in Russia,
100
Seton-Watson, Hugh,
98
Seven Weeks War of
1866, 105
Sexual mores, wartime changes in,
82
Shell shock,
77
Shulgin, Vasily,
97
Silesia,
93
Simplicissimus,
88
Sims, William,
55, 143;
biography,
165-67;
Pulitzer Prize,
167;
war
against German submarines,
166-
67
Slovaks, in Austro-Hungarian Em¬
pire,
105
Slovenes, in Austro-Hungarian Em¬
pire,
107, 110
Soissons,
44
Sombart, Werner,
90
Somme,
Battle of the,
18, 20, 23, 35-
36, 39-42, 51, 139-40;
comments
by A. Conan Doyle,
90-91;
eighti¬
eth anniversary,
113;
French se¬
lect location for,
40;
German
counterattacks at,
39
Sonar,
59
Sonnino, Sidney,
17, 157-58
Sontag,
Raymond,
123
Sophie, Countess, wife of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand,
3^4
South Africa,
5
South Tirol,
17
Soviet Union,
116, 118-19, 122, 147
Spain,
90
Spanish-American War,
159
Spanish Civil War,
123
SPD
(German Socialist party),
9, 93,
95
St. Mihiel, Battle of,
160
St. Petersburg,
8, 10, 18, 99, 156.
See
also
Petrograd
Stalin, Joseph,
114, 119
Star Shells
(Dix),
124
Strikes,
93, 109
Stiirgkh, Count Carl,
109
Stuttgart,
83
Submarine warfare,
49-60, 83, 117,
128, 141, 151-52;
Allied losses in,
52, 55;
British in Baltic,
50, 83;
consequences for Germans of its
failure,
39;
tactics at start of the
war,
24;
unlimited submarine war¬
fare,
26-27;
United States navy
and,
166;
wolf pack tactics in
World War I and World War II,
59
Sudetenland, 118
Sukhomlinov, Vladimir,
155
Supreme Court, United States,
72
Supreme War Council,
214
Surrealists,
123
Sussex, sinking of,
197
Switzerland,
103, 146
Syria,
119
Tanganyika,
120
Tanks: limitations of,
38;
in
1918,
Al¬
lied offensive,
31, 125
Tannenberg,
Battle of,
100
Thirty Years War,
95
Three Soldiers
(Dos
Passos),
78
256
INDEX
Times
(London),
46, 113
Tirpitz, Alfred
von, 6
Tito (Joseph
Brož),
119
Toulouse,
90
Trafalgar, Battle of,
53, 60
Transylvania,
22, 107, 118
Trask, David,
161
Travers,
Tim,
39
Trenches and trench warfare: in
1914, 14;
in
1915,36
Trench Warfare
(Dix),
124
Trentino,
22
Trier,
77, 83
Trieste,
17
Trotsky, Leon,
100, 103^, 130, 147,
214
Tsarskoe
Selo,
99
Tulsa, Oklahoma, race riot of
1921,
77
Tver Province,
99
26th Northumberland Fusiliers
(BEF),
41
U-boats,
26, 49;
German strength in,
51;
tactics and limitations,
51—52.
See also Submarine warfare
Ukraine,
104
Ukrainians,
100, 118
Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich. See Lenin,
Vladimir Ilyich
United States,
63—79;
African-Ameri¬
can postwar expectations,
77;
Afri¬
can-Americans in wartime,
67-68,
71-72, 79;
conscription in,
71-72;
and Czechoslovak state,
109;
elec¬
tion of
1916, 65-66;
embassy per¬
sonnel in Berlin,
91;
enters the
war,
27, 67;
expansion of govern¬
ment,
68-70;
global economic
power,
74;
immigration to,
67, 69,
79;
internment of German mer¬
chant vessels,
57;
military innova¬
tions (tanks, aircraft),
125;
Naval
Act of
1916, 66;
at peace confer¬
ence,
16—
Π
;
postwar isolation¬
ism,
117;
Prohibition,
73-74;
repression of domestic dissent,
72—
73;
Senate rejects peace treaty,
78,
116, 172;
and sinking of the
Lusi¬
tânia,
50-51, 65,186-88;
ties to
Great Britain and France,
64—65;
wartime diplomacy,
75-76;
war¬
time industrial production,
70—71 ;
women in wartime,
67-68, 73, 79
United States Army. See AEF, indi¬
vidual units; Pershing, John
United States Navy: arrives in Euro¬
pean waters,
74;
convoys and anti¬
submarine warfare,
57;
General
Board,
60;
prewar strength,
72.
See also Sims, William
Unrestricted submarine warfare,
215.
See also Submarine warfare
Vardaman, James,
71
Venereal disease, in United States
Army,
71
Venezuela,
7
Venizelos, Eleutherios,
23
Verdun, Battle of,
18-19, 22, 23, 40,
42-43, 135-36;
Falkenhayn s
planning,
191-94;
role of Joffre,
143^5;
role of
Pétain,
161-62
Verdun battlefield, visits to,
113
Versailles, Treaty of,
115, 130-31,
171,215
Versailles Peace Conference,
76, 130—
31,157,215
Victor Emmanuel
Π,
King of Italy,
158
The Victory at Sea (Sims),
167
Vienna,
8, 10, 105, 109-10
Villa,
Pancho,
159
Vincent,
Eliska,
95
Vittorio Veneto,
Battle of,
158
Viviani,
René, 10
INDEX
257
Volhynia,
106
Wafd nationalist party,
120
War Bread,
85-86
War Food Office,
Germany,
85
War guilt clause,
215
War Industries Board, United States,
70,78
War Neurosis. See
Shell
shock
Weimar Republic,
117-18
Wells, H. G.,
90
Wemyss, Rosslyn,
143
Western Front,
14, 215
Whitby, bombardment of,
83
White Russians,
118
Wilhelm
II, Emperor (Kaiser) of Ger¬
many,
3, 127, 135-36, 150-51,
175, 186;
abdicates,
32, 169;
biog¬
raphy,
167—69;
construction of
German navy,
6;
decline in influ¬
ence,
23, 168;
image as Kaiser
Bill,
169;
and July
1914
crisis,
10, 167-68;
memorandum on Ver¬
dun,
192
Wilhelmshaven:
mutiny at,
32;
naval
base at,
6
Wilson, Henry,
39
Wilson, Trevor,
36, 53, 116
Wilson, Woodrow, president of the
United States,
115, 120, 132, 148;
biography,
169-71;
Fourteen
Points,
30, 108, 171, 214;
leads
United States into the war,
170,
197—98;
meeting with Thomas
Masaryk,
154;
and peace negotia¬
tions,
76-77, 170-71;
policy to¬
ward Italy,
157-58;
policy toward
Poland,
117-18;
policy toward
Yugoslavia,
158;
promotes consti¬
tutional change in Germany,
32,
171 ;
promotes League of Nations,
115, 171;
relationship with Admi¬
ral Sims,
166-67, 170;
relation¬
ship with General Pershing,
159,
161, 170;
response to outbreak of
war,
64, 170;
sinking of
Lusitânia,
51, 170
Winnington-Ingram, Arthur
F., 90
Winter, J. M.,
88
Winter Palace,
Petrograd, 102
Woman s suffrage movement: in
France,
95;
in Germany,
95;
in
Great Britain,
94-95;
in the
United States,
73
Women Patrols Committee,
93
Women workers in agriculture: in
France,
89;
in Great Britain,
89-92
Women workers in industry: in
France,
89;
in Germany,
89;
in
Great Britain,
83;
in the United
States,
67, 79
World War II,
113, 119-20, 122-24
Wright, Gordon,
116
Yanushkevich, Nikolai,
10
Yorkshire,
83
Ypres, First Battle of,
135, 139
Ypres, Third Battle of,
27-28, 39,
139^0, 148-49.
See also Pass-
chendaele, Battle of
Yugoslavia,
76, 110-11, 119
Zagreb,
110
Zeebrugge,
59
Zeppelins: attack Paris,
83;
attack
southeastern England,
83, 91.
See
also Aerial operations
Zimmermann
Telegram,
66-67, 198
Znamenskaya Square,
Petrograd, 102
Zurhellen, Otto,
90
Zurich,
146
Zweig,
Stefan,
82, 110-11;
memoirs,
178-80, 203-5
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Heyman, Neil M. |
| author_facet | Heyman, Neil M. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Heyman, Neil M. |
| author_variant | n m h nm nmh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011798389 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | D521 |
| callnumber-raw | D521 |
| callnumber-search | D521 |
| callnumber-sort | D 3521 |
| callnumber-subject | D - General History |
| classification_rvk | NP 4410 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)36292837 (DE-599)BVBBV011798389 |
| dewey-full | 940.3 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 940 - History of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 940.3 |
| dewey-search | 940.3 |
| dewey-sort | 3940.3 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV011798389 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:15:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0313298807 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007965443 |
| oclc_num | 36292837 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M352 |
| physical | XXIII, 257 S. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 DHB_IFZ_BIBLIO_1999 |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Greenwood Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Greenwood Press guides to historic events of the twentieth century |
| spelling | Heyman, Neil M. Verfasser aut World War I Neil M. Heyman 1. publ. Westport, Conn. [u.a.] Greenwood Press 1997 XXIII, 257 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Greenwood Press guides to historic events of the twentieth century Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007965443&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007965443&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Heyman, Neil M. World War I Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079163-4 |
| title | World War I |
| title_auth | World War I |
| title_exact_search | World War I |
| title_full | World War I Neil M. Heyman |
| title_fullStr | World War I Neil M. Heyman |
| title_full_unstemmed | World War I Neil M. Heyman |
| title_short | World War I |
| title_sort | world war i |
| topic | Eerste Wereldoorlog gtt Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eerste Wereldoorlog Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Erster Weltkrieg |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007965443&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007965443&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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