Appeal to expert opinion: arguments from authority
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University Park, Pa.
Pennsylvania State Univ. Press
1997
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 281 S. |
| ISBN: | 0271016949 0271016957 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
Preface xiii
CHAPTER ONE:
THE PROBLEM OF AUTHORITY 1
1. Peirce s FourMethods ofFixing Belief 3
2. Science As the Modern Authoritarianism 5
3. The Culture of Technical Control 9
4. Different Conceptions ofScientific Knowledge 13
5. Expert Testimony in Court 17
6. A Complex Type of Argument 19
7. Being Intimidated by Experts 22
8. Questioning an Expert Opinion 23
9. The Problem ofFallacies 28
10. Finding a Middle Way 29
CHAPTER TWO:
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 32
1. Overview of Developments 33
2. Plato on Socratic Questioning of Experts 35
3. Aristotle on Dialectical Arguments 38
4. The Medieval View of Argument from Authority 43
5. Galileo s Challenge to Proof by Authority 46
6. The Port Royal Logic 48
7. Locke s Account ofArgumentum ad Verecundiam 52
8. Bentham on Appeal to Authority 55
9. The Meaning of Verecundia 57
10. WheretoBegin 60
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTERTHREE:
IDENTIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF AEGUMENT od
64
1. Appeal to Reverence
2. Knowledge Versus Appeal to Authority °
3. Testimony of Authoritative Sources â„¢*
4. Varying Definitions of Ad Verecundiam
5. The AmbiguityofAuthority â„¢
6. Advertising Testimonials
7. Position to Know
8. Authority and Expertise
9. Terminological Choice
10. Provisional Conclusions
CHAPTER FOUR:
FORM OF THE ARGUMENT
92
1. Deductive Forms fi
2. Probable Inferences from a Knowledge Base j
3. Inductive Forms „
4. Presumptive Forms _.
5. Expert Systems t „„
6. Informal Logic and Expert Systems „
7. The Conceptof an Expert 114
8. Reliability and Bias—Subjective Factors „
9. Human and Machine Expertise 120
10. Evaluating the Form in a Context of Dialogue
CHAPTER FrVE:
DIALECTICALASPECTS
127
1. The CaseoftheDeadly Radar Gun *.
2. TheCaseofLorenzo sOil ^
3. Reported Controversies 140
4. Appeal to Expert Opinion in Political Debate ..
5. The Context of Dialogue :^9
6. Style ofPresentation 153
7. The Secondary Level of Dialogue tc^
8. Critical Questions and Logical Form .. cg
9. Drawing Inferences from Expert Opinion .. g4
10. Dialectical Structure of Appeal to Expert Opinion
CONTENTS ix
CHAPTER SIX:
EXPERT TESTIMONY AS LEGAL EVIDENCE 167
1. The Adversarial Setting of a Trial 168
2. TheBattleoftheExperts 171
3. Junk Science in the Courts 176
4. The Go It Alone Expert 179
5. Legal Criteria for Scientific Testimony 181
6. Hearsay Evidence in Expert Testimony 185
7. Science As a Body of Knowledge 188
8. Solutions to the Junk Science Problem 192
9. The Framework of Dialogue in a Trial 194
10. The Consistency Critical Question 197
CHAPTER SEVEN:
CRITICAL QUESTIONS 199
1. Premises and Critical Questions 200
2. Early Accounts 202
3. Accounts in the 1970s 205
4. Recent Accounts 208
5. Personal Reliability and Bias 213
6. The Trustworthiness Question 215
7. Position to Know 217
8. General Acceptance in a Field 218
9. General Recommendations 222
10. Using Critical Questions for Evaluation 225
CHAPTER EIGHT:
EXPLAINING THE FALLACY 230
1. Suspect and Fallacious Appeals 231
2. Specific Defaults Cited 234
3. Dogmatic Appeals to Authority 239
4. The Halo Effect and Milgram s Experiments 243
5. Institutional Setting of Authority 245
6. Fallible Arguments Absolutized 247
7. Confusing Two Types of Authority 250
8. Profiles of Dialogue 253
9. Subfallacies 255
10. Summary 257
Bibliography 263
Index 275
|
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| dewey-ones | 160 - Philosophical logic |
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| isbn | 0271016949 0271016957 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Pennsylvania State Univ. Press |
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| spelling | Walton, Douglas N. 1942-2020 Verfasser (DE-588)177903198 aut Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority Douglas Walton University Park, Pa. Pennsylvania State Univ. Press 1997 XIV, 281 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Argumentatieleer gtt Deskundigen gtt Getuigenverklaringen gtt Gezag gtt Rechtspleging gtt Rechtstheorie gtt Authority Fallacies (Logic) Reasoning Fehlschluss (DE-588)4132069-4 gnd rswk-swf Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd rswk-swf Autorität (DE-588)4003990-0 gnd rswk-swf Experte (DE-588)4071081-6 gnd rswk-swf Fehlschluss (DE-588)4132069-4 s Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 s DE-604 Autorität (DE-588)4003990-0 s Experte (DE-588)4071081-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007923675&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Walton, Douglas N. 1942-2020 Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority Argumentatieleer gtt Deskundigen gtt Getuigenverklaringen gtt Gezag gtt Rechtspleging gtt Rechtstheorie gtt Authority Fallacies (Logic) Reasoning Fehlschluss (DE-588)4132069-4 gnd Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd Autorität (DE-588)4003990-0 gnd Experte (DE-588)4071081-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4132069-4 (DE-588)4002899-9 (DE-588)4003990-0 (DE-588)4071081-6 |
| title | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority |
| title_auth | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority |
| title_exact_search | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority |
| title_full | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority Douglas Walton |
| title_fullStr | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority Douglas Walton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority Douglas Walton |
| title_short | Appeal to expert opinion |
| title_sort | appeal to expert opinion arguments from authority |
| title_sub | arguments from authority |
| topic | Argumentatieleer gtt Deskundigen gtt Getuigenverklaringen gtt Gezag gtt Rechtspleging gtt Rechtstheorie gtt Authority Fallacies (Logic) Reasoning Fehlschluss (DE-588)4132069-4 gnd Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd Autorität (DE-588)4003990-0 gnd Experte (DE-588)4071081-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Argumentatieleer Deskundigen Getuigenverklaringen Gezag Rechtspleging Rechtstheorie Authority Fallacies (Logic) Reasoning Fehlschluss Argumentation Autorität Experte |
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