Spatial behavior: a geographic perspective
Updating and expanding concepts of decision making and choice behavior on different geographic scales, this major revision of the authors' acclaimed Analytical Behavioral Geography presents theoretical foundations extensive case studies, and empirical evidence of human behavior in a comprehensi...
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Guilford Press
1997
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | Updating and expanding concepts of decision making and choice behavior on different geographic scales, this major revision of the authors' acclaimed Analytical Behavioral Geography presents theoretical foundations extensive case studies, and empirical evidence of human behavior in a comprehensive range of physical, social, and economic settings. |
| Physical Description: | XX, 620 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1572300493 1572300507 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Golledge, Reginald G. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spatial behavior |b a geographic perspective |c Reginald G. Golledge ; Robert J. Stimson |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Guilford Press |c 1997 | |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Updating and expanding concepts of decision making and choice behavior on different geographic scales, this major revision of the authors' acclaimed Analytical Behavioral Geography presents theoretical foundations extensive case studies, and empirical evidence of human behavior in a comprehensive range of physical, social, and economic settings. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Comportement spatial | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Géographie humaine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Perception géographique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prise de décision | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ruimtegebruik |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sociale geografie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Decision making | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geographical perception | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human geography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spatial behavior | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Spatial behavior
Autor: Golledge, Reginald G.
Jahr: 1997
Contents
Preface vii
1. Society, Space, and Behavior 1
1.1 Spatial Behavior in a Changing World 1
1.2 The Origin of Behavioral Analysis in Geography 1
1.3 Process Orientation 3
1.3.1 Form 3
1.3.2 Process 4
1.4 Behavior in Space versus Spatial Behavior 4
1.5 Dominant Characteristics of Spatial Behavior 7
1.5.1 New Models of Behavior 7
1.5.2 New Models of Environment 8
1.5.3 Micro Level Focus 9
1.5.4 Macro Level Focus 9
1.5.5 The Basis for Generalization 10
1.6 Issues in Research Design: Data Collection and Analysis 10
1.6.1 Critical Questions for Researchers to Ask 10
1.6.2 Some Methodological Considerations and Choices 11
1.6.3 Validity and Reliability 13
1.6.4 Qualitative Methods 14
1.6.5 Case Studies 16
1.6.6 Survey Research Methods 19
1.6.7 Gender Roles in Fieldwork and Data Collection 22
1.7 Society, Economy, and Space 22
1.8 Epistemological Bases 23
1.8.1 What Remains of the Positivist Tradition 23
1.8.2 Alternative Epistemologies 24
1.8.3 Cross-Disciplinary Enrichment 25
1.9 A Paradigm for Understanding Human-Environment Relationships 26
1.10 Spatial Behavioral Research Today 28
2. Decision Making and Choice Behaviors 31
2.1 Conceptualizing the Decision Process 31
2.2 First Motivated Response: Activating the Decision-Making Process 32
XU
CONTENTS
2.2.1 Information Search 33
2.2.2 Behavior-Space Perception 33
2.2.3 Activating the Cognitive Map 34
2.2.4 Movement Imagery 34
2.3 The Second Motivated Act 34
2.3.1 The Choice Act 34
2.3.2 Provisional Try Behavior 35
2.3.3 Feedback and Evaluation 35
2.4 Normative Assumptions about Decisions and Behaviors 36
2.5 Population Assumptions 42
2.6 The Environments in Which Decisions Are Made 43
2.6.1 The Physical Environment 43
2.6.2 The Built Environment: Examples of Descriptive Theory 43
2.6.3 Economic and Societal Environments 45
2.6.4 Cognitive Environments 45
2.7 Types of Systems and Societies 46
2.8 Risk and Uncertainty 47
2.9 Typologies of Decision-Making Theories and Models 48
2.9.1 Classical Normative Theories and Models 48
2.9.2 Behavioral Decision Models 52
2.9.3 Applied Decision Models 53
2.9.4 Choice Models 54
2.9.5 Choosing between Decision Models 57
2.10 Decision Support Systems 59
2.10.1 Characteristics of a Decision Support System 60
2.10.2 DSS Subsystems 61
2.10.3 Use of DSS 62
2.11 Macro Behavioral Assumptions: Institutions, Strategies, and Policies 62
2.11.1 A Framework for Planning and Decision Making in an
Urban Setting 62
2.11.2 Strategic Approaches to Decision Making 63
2.11.3 The Harvard SWOT Analysis 65
2.11.4 Plans, Policies, and Projects 69
2.12 Conclusion 70
3. The Big Picture: Processes of Economic, Technological,
and Social Change 71
3.1 A Rapidly Changing World 71
3.2 Globalization and the Processes of Internationalization 73
3.2.1 The Emerging Multipolar Global Economy 74
3.2.2 The New International Division of Labor 78
3.2.3 The Transnational Corporation 78
3.3 Technological Change 80
3.3.1 Long Waves of Innovation and Economic Growth 81
3.3.2 The Shrinking of Distance 82
3.4 Implications of Globalization for Location Theory 84
3.4.1 Basic Elements in the Production Process 85
3.4.2 Strategic Alliances 86
3.4.3 Global Networks and Global Concentrations 87
3.4.4 World Cities 90
3.4.5 A Model of Internationalized Operation for a Firm 90
CONTENTS _______________________________________________________Õ²²[
3.5 Structural Economic Change within Economies 92
3.5.1 Changes in Employment in the United States Since 1970 94
3.5.2 Services within the Economies of the Newly Industrialized Countries 97
3.5.3 Toward Small Business Growth and Female Employment
in Part-Time Jobs 98
3.6 Social and Demographic Change 100
3.6.1 A Mobile Society 100
3.6.2 The Growth and Decline of Regions: Components of
Population Change 101
3.6.3 Changing Age Structures: The Graying of Society 103
3.6.4 Changing Household Structures 105
3.6.5 Increasing Participation of Women in the Labor Force 106
3.6.6 Racial and Ethnic Diversity 107
3.7 The Victims of Globalization: An Emerging Underclass 108
4. Urban Patterns and Trends 111
4.1 Focusing on Cities 111
4.2 Changes in National Urban Systems 111
4.2.1 An Overview 112
4.2.2 Suburbanization and Inner-City Decline 114
4.2.3 Counterurbanization in the 1970s 116
4.2.4 Resurgence of Metropolitan Concentration in the 1980s 118
4.2.5 Concentration and Dispersal: A Matter of Scale 120
4.3 The Polycentric Urban Form and Structure of the Information
and Services City 121
4.3.1 New Locational Forces in the Information and Services City 123
4.3.2 The Edge City Phenomenon 124
4.3.3 Technospaces 125
4.3.4 Airports and Seaports 127
4.4 Economic Performance and Employment in Cities: Trends
and Patterns 128
4.4.1 The United States Experience in the 1980s 128
4.4.2 Employment Patterns within a World City: Sydney 131
4.4.3 Implications for Commuting 133
4.5 Urban Social Space and Residential Patterns 134
4.5.1 The Notion of Social Space 134
4.5.2 Ecological and Psychological Fallacy 137
4.5.3 The Constructs of Territorial Social Space: Social Area Analysis 137
4.5.4 Factorial Ecology Studies 139
4.5.5 The Relationship between Social Space Dimensions and
Territorial Space in Cities 139
4.6 Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Urban Space 142
4.6.1 Differences in Access Opportunity and Social Disadvantage 142
4.6.2 Duality within Cities 142
4.7 New Paradigms for the City 144
4.7.1 A Metroplex of Spaces and Places 144
4.7.2 Institutional Rigidities and the New Demands of the Services
and Information Age 146
4.7.3 Smart Infrastructure 148
4.7.4 The NIMBY Syndrome 149
4.7.5 Strategic Approaches to Regional Development and Planning 150
4.8 The Interface of Macro and Micro Milieux 154
xjv_______________________CONTENTS
5. Acquiring Spatial Knowledge 155
5.1 Shifting to a Micro Behavioral Perspective 155
5.2 Types of Behavior 55
5.3 Spatial Abilities 156
5.3.1 Definitions 156
5.3.2 The Psychological Definition of Spatial Abilities 157
5.4 Place Learning 158
5.4.1 Search and Learning 159
5.4.2 Developmental Theory 159
5.5 The Nature of Spatial Knowledge 163
5.5.1 Basic Components 163
5.5.2 Acquiring Spatial Knowledge 163
5.6 Theories of the Development of Spatial Knowledge 165
5.6.1 From Landmark to Route to Survey Knowledge 165
5.6.2 The Siegel and White Hypothesis 165
5.6.3 Anchorpoint Theory and Knowledge Hierarchies 167
5.7 Children s Wayfinding Behavior: Case Studies 169
5.7.1 Learning about One s Neighborhood 169
5.7.2 Wayfinding in a Residential Neighborhood in Goleta, California 170
5.8 Experiencing Environments 175
5.8.1 Learning from Maps versus Learning from Travel 175
5.8.2 Pointing 177
5.8.3 Learning Shortcuts 180
5.8.4 Learning Layouts 183
5.9 An Artificial Intelligence Model of Wayfinding 184
6. Perception, Attitudes, and Risk 188
6.1 The Experience and Conceptualization of Space 188
6.2 A Problem of Defining Terms: What Are Perception and Cognition? 189
6.2.1 Perception 189
6.2.2 Cognition 190
6.2.3 Immediacy and Scale Dependence 191
6.3 Factors Influencing the Nature and Structure of the Perceived
Environment 192
6.3.1 The Fuctionalist Approach 192
6.3.2 Perception as an Encoding Process 192
6.3.3 The Concept of Scale in Perception 194
6.3.4 Perceptual Thresholds 194
6.3.5 Perception and the World of Identifiable Things 194
6.3.6 Perceptual Constancy 195
6.3.7 Perceptual Focusing or Attention 195
6.3.8 Preparatory Sets 196
6.3.9 Individual Needs and Values 197
6.3.10 Cultural Values 197
6.3.11 Ecological and Anthropocentric Constraints 198
6.3.12 Location and Orientation of Individuals 198
6.4 Attitudes 200
6.4.1 Attitude and Uncertainty 200
6.4.2 The Nature of Attitudes and Attitude Formation 204
6.4.3 Attitudes, Values, and Stereotypes 205
6.4.4 Attitudes, Motivation, and Emotions 205
6.5 Uncertainty and Risk 207
CONTENTS _____________________________________ XV
6.5.1 Perception of Risk Frequency and Probability 208
6.5.2 Changing Risk Perception 209
6.5.3 Judgment of Risk 209
6.5.4 Using Risk Perception Studies 209
6.5.5 Risk Assessment 211
6.5.6 Heuristics for Evaluating Risk 211
6.5.7 Errors in Risk Assessment 211
6.5.8 Examples of the Use of Heuristic Rules in Risk Assessment 212
6.5.9 Informing People about Risk 214
6.6 Attitudes to Technologically Produced Hazardous Events 214
6.6.1 Nuclear Waste 214
6.6.2 The Case of Yucca Mountain 215
6.7 Natural Hazards and Perceived Risks 217
6.7.1 Risk Perception in Natural Environments 217
6.7.2 An Example: Reaction to Cyclones 217
6.7.3 The Case of Bushfires in Australia 219
6.8 Perception of the Built Environment 221
6.8.1 Fear of Crime: A Case Study 221
6.8.2 Visual Evaluation by Residents and Visitors 222
7. Spatial Cognition, Cognitive Mapping, and Cognitive Maps 224
7.1 Background 224
7.2 Characteristics of Spatial Cognition 227
7.2.1 A Developmental Base 227
7.2.2 Radical Image Theory 228
7.2.3 The Conceptual Propositional Theory 228
7.2.4 Dual-Coding Theory 229
7.3 Cognitive Maps and Cognitive Mapping 229
7.3.1 Cognitive Mapping 229
7.3.2 The Mapping Process 230
7.3.3 Cognitive Maps 234
7.4 Cognitive Map Metaphors 234
7.4.1 Basic Metaphors 234
7.4.2 Cognitive Maps as Internal GIS 236
7.4.3 Debatable Alternatives 237
7.5 The Use of Cognitive Maps 238
7.5.1 Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior 238
7.5.2 Cognitive Maps as Planning Aids 239
7.5.3 Cognitive Maps and Disability 239
7.5.4 Cognitive Maps and Crime 240
7.6 Methods for Externally Representing Cognitive Maps 240
7.6.1 Externalizing Information: Cognitive Configurations or
Spatial Products 240
7.6.2 Sketch Maps 242
7.6.3 Multidimensional Methods 245
7.6.4 Anchors and Errors in Cognitive Maps 246
7.7 Images of Cities 250
7.8 The City as a Trip 251
7.9 The City as a Hierarchical Structure 253
7.9.1 Anchor points 253
7.9.2 Regionalized Hierarchies 254
7.9.3 Hierarchies of Paths 255
7.9.4 Priming 256
CONTENTS
7.10 Cognition and Behavior in Classic Models of City Structure 257
7.11 Cognitive Distance 261
7.11.1 Distinguishing between Subjective and Objective Distance 261
7.11.2 Methods for Evaluating Cognitive Distance 263
8. Activities in Time and Space 267
8.1 The Nature of Human Activities in Time and Space 267
8.2 Time Geography 268
8.2.1 Constraints, Paths, and Projects 268
8.2.2 The Time-Space Prism 270
8.2.3 Physical Conditions 270
8.2.4 The Nature of Constraints: Projects and Paths 271
8.2.5 Scales of Analysis 273
8.2.6 Applying the Space-Time Prism Concept within GIS 275
8.3 Action Spaces and Activity Spaces 277
8.3.1 Individual Action Spaces 278
8.3.2 Components of Action Spaces 279
8.3.3 Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Activity Space 280
8.4 Activity Spaces, Trips, and Scale Differences 283
8.4.1 Work Trips 284
8.4.2 Social Trips 285
8.4.3 Trips to Other Activity Locations 285
8.4.4 Substitution Effect 286
8.4.5 Multipurpose Trips 286
8.4.6 Summary of Factors Influencing Daily Activity Patterns 288
8.5 An Activity Approach to Behavior in Space and Time 289
8.5.1 Activities as Routines 290
8.5.2 Activity Systems 290
8.5.3 Obligatory and Discretionary Acts 290
8.6 Early Approaches to Modeling Human Activities 291
8.6.1 The Transductive Approach 292
8.6.2 The Routine and Deliberated Choice Approach 295
8.6.3 The Routine and Culturally Transmitted Behavior Approach 300
8.7 Collecting Data on Activities in Time and Space 304
8.7.1 Time Budgets 304
8.7.2 Methods of Collecting Time-Budget Data 305
8.7.3 Duration, Frequency, and Sequence of Activities 308
9. Activity Analysis in Travel and Transportation Modeling 309
9.1 The Evolution of Transportation and Travel Models 309
9.1.1 The Shortcomings of the Traditional Urban
Transportation-Planning System 309
9.1.2 Discrete Choice Models 312
9.2 Early Behavioral Approaches 313
9.2.1 Multinomial Logit Models 313
9.2.2 Markov Process Models 313
9.2.3 Threshold Models 314
9.2.4 Notion of Indifference 314
9.2.5 Early Time-Space Activity Models 314
9.3 The Human Activity Approach 315
9.3.1 The Activity Concept 316
9.3.2 A Model of Individual Travel Behavior 319
CONTENTS____________________________________________________________ÕóÍ
9.3.3 A Demand Model for Travel Using Queuing Theory 322
9.3.4 The Household Activity-Travel Simulator Model 325
9.3.5 A Situational Approach to Modeling Individual Travel Behavior 326
9.4 A Cognitive Framework for Analyzing Activity Choice 328
9.4.1 Destination Choice in Trip Behavior 329
9.4.2 Problems in the Spatial Choice Paradigm 330
9.4.3 The Cognitive Paradigm and Repetitive Travel 331
9.5 Computational Process Modeling of Household Activity Scheduling 332
9.5.1 Modeling Travel Route Choice 333
9.5.2 STARCHILD; Identifying and Choosing Representative
Daily Schedules 334
9.5.3 SCHEDULER: Generating an Activity Schedule 335
9.5.4 Data Requirements and Operational Complexity of the Models 337
9.6 Planning Applications: A Simulation Model for Activities,
Resources and Travel 339
9.6.1 The Characteristics of the SMART Model 340
9.6.2 The Household Activity Simulator 342
9.6.3 A GIS for SMART 343
9.6.4 Operationalizing the SMART Model 344
9.6.5 Applying the Model 345
10. Consumer Behavior and Retail Center Location 348
10.1 The Evolution of Consumer Behavior Models 348
10.2 Gravity Model Approaches: From Deterministic to Probabilistic
Analysis 349
10.2.1 Classical Retail Gravity Models 349
10.2.2 Probabilistic Retail Gravity Models 351
10.2.3 Refinements of the Huff Model 353
10.3 Disaggregate Discrete Choice Models 354
10.3.1 Types of Discrete Choice Models 354
10.3.2 Discrete Choice Models: An Example 357
10.4 Information-Processing Models 358
10.4.1 From Rationality to Satisficing and Information Processing 358
10.4.2 Information Integration 359
10.5 Imagery and Consumer Behavior 360
10.5.1 Distance-Related Studies 360
10.5.2 Search and Learning 361
10.5.3 Store and Center Image 362
10.5.4 Multidimensional Scaling 362
10.5.5 Retailer s Cognitions of Store and Shopping Center
Environments 363
10.6 The Development of Planned Shopping Centers in the United States 365
10.6.1 The Evolution and Proliferation of Shopping Centers 365
10.6.2 Tenant Mixes and Functional Make-up 367
10.6.3 Retail Center Policy Trends in the United States 3 71
10.6.4 Environmental and Other Public Policies 376
10.6.5 Locations and Characteristics of Shopping Centers 376
10.7 The Role of Government in Shopping Center Locations 379
10.7.1 Economic Impacts 382
10.7.2 Externalities 383
10.7.3 Social Justice and Equity 384
10.8 Future Trends 385
xviü________________________________________________ CONTENTS
11. Place and Space 387
11.1 Views of Place and Space 387
11.2 Affect and Emotion 388
11.2.1 Difficulties of Definition 388
11.2.2 Critical Components of Emotions 389
11.2.3 Hierarchical Levels of Affective Response 390
11.2.4 An Interactional Constructivist Model 390
11.2.5 The Individual s Assessment of Setting 391
11.3 Landscape Perception 392
11.3.1 Landscapes and Cultural Values 392
11.3.2 Place 393
11.4 Historical Preservation 396
11.5 Evaluating Places and Assessing Landscapes 400
11.5.1 Describing What Is There 400
11.5.2 Specification of Attributes 402
11.5.3 Selection of Indicators 403
11.6 Another View of Space and Spaces 405
11.7 The Language of Space 406
11.7.1 Nouns 409
11.7.2 Defining Where Things Are 410
11.8 The Utility of Place 414
11.9 Environments for Recreation and Leisure 417
11.9.1 Product Cycle and Typology of Tourists 418
11.9.2 Some Public Policy Implications 421
12. The Causes and Nature of Migration 424
12.1 A Complex Phenomenon 424
12.2 The Nature of Migration and Migration Studies 425
12.2.1 Data Sources 425
12.2.2 Approaches to the Study of Migration 426
12.2.3 Migration and Mobility 427
12.2.4 Behavioral Approaches 427
12.3 Types of Migration and Mobility 428
12.3.1 Long-Distance Migration and Residential Mobility 428
12.3.2 Partial Displacement Migration or Mobility 429
12.3.3 Total Displacement Migration 429
12.3.4 Relating Geographic, Social, and Occupational Mobility 430
12.3.5 Necessary or Obligatory Moves versus Moves Caused
by Needs 430
12.3.6 Circulatory Migration 431
12.3.7 Migration and Assimilation 431
12.4 Modeling Aggregate Migration Flows 432
12.4.1 Laws of Migration 432
12.4.2 The Empirical Approach: Migration Fields 433
12.4.3 The Gravity Model and the Intervening Opportunities Model 435
12.4.4 Push-Pull Models 438
12.4.5 An Optimizing Gravity Model 440
12.4.6 Attractors and the Attracted: An Alternative Approach 441
12.5 Limitations of the Gravity Model Approaches 444
12.5.1 Return and Onward-Moving Migrants 445
12.5.2 Predictive Capacity versus Understanding of Process 445
12.5.3 The Mobility Transition Hypothesis: Problems with the
CONTENTS_________________________________________________________________________Õ²Õ
Assumptions of Models 446
12.6 Selectivity Differentials and Motivation in Migration: Toward
Micro Models of Migration 448
12.6.1 Mobility and Stage in the Family Life Cycle 449
12.6.2 Motivation Underlying Migration 449
12.6.3 Migration as a Decision Process 451
12.6.4 A Value Expectancy Model of Migration 452
12.7 Habitas as a Cultural Process in Migration 456
13. Residential Mobility and Location Decisions 459
13.1 A Framework for Analysis 459
13.2 Mobility within Cities 461
13.2.1 Patterns of Intraurban Population Change and Mobility 462
13.2.2 Life Cycle of Suburbs 464
13.3 From Aggregate to Individual Choice Models 464
13.4 Residential Aspirations, Preferences, and Achievement 465
13.4.1 Why Families Move: Rossi s Classical Study 467
13.4.2 Preference and Desirability Studies 467
13.4.3 Stressors and the Level of Residential Satisfaction 473
13.5 A Residential Location Decision Process Model 476
13.6 The Nature of Residential Search and Choice 479
13.6.1 Spatial Models of Search 480
13.6.2 The Length of Search 483
13.6.3 Information in Search and Choice 485
13.7 Relating Residential Relocation Behavior to the Urban Structure 486
13.7.1 Housing Careers 487
13.7.2 Life Course 487
14. Geography and Special Populations 489
14.1 Geography and The Other 489
14.2 Disability 490
14.2.1 Definitions of the Disabled 490
14.2.2 Distribution of Discriminatory Practices 490
14.3 Wheelchair Populations 492
14.3.1 Environmental Design for Wheelchair Users 492
14.3.2 Enabling Legislation 495
14.3.3 Barrier-Free Environments 496
14.3.4 Cross-Disability Problems 496
14.3.5 Transportation 497
14.3.6 The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) 497
14.3.7 Assistive Technology 498
14.4 Blindness and Vision Impairment 499
14.4.1 Spatial Abilities With and Without Vision 499
14.4.2 The Spatial Distribution of Blindness 500
14.5 Design of Environments for Those Without Vision: A Case Study 504
14.6 Spatial Abilities of Vision-Impaired People 505
14.6.1 Wayfinding by Those Without Vision 506
14.6.2 Theories of Difference 509
14.6.3 Cognitive Maps of the Blind: A Case Study 510
14.6.4 Spanai Orientation 511
14.7 Wayfinding Strategies 513
____________________________CONTENTS
14.7.1 Simple Heuristics 513
14.7.2 Spatial Updating 515
14.7.3 Wayfinding via the Process of Path Integration 517
14.7.4 Wayfinding Using Assistive Devices 521
14.8 The Use of Bus Transit by the Blind 522
14.9 The Mentally Challenged 525
14.9.1 Attitudes Toward Retardation 525
14.9.2 Spatial Competence 526
14.9.3 Environmental Characteristics Known to Retarded People:
Frames of Reference 528
14.9.4 Spatial Concepts: A Case Study of Retarded Groups 528
15. Gendering and the Elderly 536
15.1 The Functional Significance of Two Major Divisions of Society 536
15.2. Women and Gender Issues 537
15.2.1 An Epistemological Basis for the Lack of Attention to
Gender Issues 537
15.2.2 Gender Bias in Geographic Research 538
15.3 Rethinking Urban Residential Structure from a Feminist
Perspective 538
15.3.1 A Critique of Social Area and Factorial Ecology Analysis 539
15.3.2 The Interaction between Gender and Class in Residential
Segregation 540
15.4 Home-Work and Work-Home Relationships 541
15.4.1 Effects of Home Location on Workplace Selection 541
15.4.2 Effects of Workplace on Locational Choice of Home 542
15.4.3 Social Relations and Status 543
15.4.4 Commuting and Work: Gender, Occupation, and Race
Differences 544
15.5 Do Spatial Abilities Vary between the Sexes? 546
15.5.1 Sex Differences in Spatial Aptitudes 546
15.5.2 Sex Differences in Spatial Behavior 546
15.5.3 Some Experiments 547
15.5.4 Discrimination and Equal Opportunity Issues 547
15.6 The Elderly 549
15.6.1 Diversity in Aging 549
15.6.2 Mobility Patterns of the Elderly 550
15.7 Retirement and Residential Relocation 552
15.7.1 Push-Pull Factors and Segmentation 552
15.7.2 Environment and Well-Being 554
15.8 Retirement Housing 557
15.8.1 A Typology of Retirement Housing 557
15.8.2 Attributes Sought by the Elderly in Retirement Housing 558
15.8.3 Policy and Planning Issues 559
15.8.4 Financing and Sponsorship of Retirement Communities 561
15.8.5 Segregated Communities 562
References
Index 599
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Golledge, Reginald G. Stimson, Robert J. |
| author_facet | Golledge, Reginald G. Stimson, Robert J. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Golledge, Reginald G. |
| author_variant | r g g rg rgg r j s rj rjs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011481876 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
| callnumber-label | GF95 |
| callnumber-raw | GF95 |
| callnumber-search | GF95 |
| callnumber-sort | GF 295 |
| callnumber-subject | GF - Human Ecology and Anthropogeography |
| classification_rvk | RB 10559 RB 10648 RB 10903 |
| classification_tum | GEO 001f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)35762747 (DE-599)BVBBV011481876 |
| dewey-full | 304.2 304.8 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 304 - Factors affecting social behavior |
| dewey-raw | 304.2 304.8 |
| dewey-search | 304.2 304.8 |
| dewey-sort | 3304.2 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Soziologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV011481876 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:10:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1572300493 1572300507 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007724355 |
| oclc_num | 35762747 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 DE-824 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 DE-824 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
| physical | XX, 620 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Guilford Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Golledge, Reginald G. Verfasser aut Spatial behavior a geographic perspective Reginald G. Golledge ; Robert J. Stimson New York [u.a.] Guilford Press 1997 XX, 620 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Updating and expanding concepts of decision making and choice behavior on different geographic scales, this major revision of the authors' acclaimed Analytical Behavioral Geography presents theoretical foundations extensive case studies, and empirical evidence of human behavior in a comprehensive range of physical, social, and economic settings. Comportement spatial Géographie humaine Perception géographique Prise de décision Ruimtegebruik gtt Sociale geografie gtt Decision making Geographical perception Human geography Spatial behavior Raumverhalten (DE-588)4139628-5 gnd rswk-swf Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Anthropogeografie (DE-588)4133695-1 gnd rswk-swf Anthropogeografie (DE-588)4133695-1 s Raumverhalten (DE-588)4139628-5 s DE-604 Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s Stimson, Robert J. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007724355&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Golledge, Reginald G. Stimson, Robert J. Spatial behavior a geographic perspective Comportement spatial Géographie humaine Perception géographique Prise de décision Ruimtegebruik gtt Sociale geografie gtt Decision making Geographical perception Human geography Spatial behavior Raumverhalten (DE-588)4139628-5 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Anthropogeografie (DE-588)4133695-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139628-5 (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4133695-1 |
| title | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective |
| title_auth | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective |
| title_exact_search | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective |
| title_full | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective Reginald G. Golledge ; Robert J. Stimson |
| title_fullStr | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective Reginald G. Golledge ; Robert J. Stimson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial behavior a geographic perspective Reginald G. Golledge ; Robert J. Stimson |
| title_short | Spatial behavior |
| title_sort | spatial behavior a geographic perspective |
| title_sub | a geographic perspective |
| topic | Comportement spatial Géographie humaine Perception géographique Prise de décision Ruimtegebruik gtt Sociale geografie gtt Decision making Geographical perception Human geography Spatial behavior Raumverhalten (DE-588)4139628-5 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Anthropogeografie (DE-588)4133695-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Comportement spatial Géographie humaine Perception géographique Prise de décision Ruimtegebruik Sociale geografie Decision making Geographical perception Human geography Spatial behavior Raumverhalten Methode Anthropogeografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007724355&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT golledgereginaldg spatialbehaviorageographicperspective AT stimsonrobertj spatialbehaviorageographicperspective |