Constituents of matter: atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
de Gruyter
1997
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Teilausg. |
| Physical Description: | XV, 902 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3110139901 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bergmann, Ludwig |d 1898-1959 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)130394025 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Teilchen |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Constituents of matter |b atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles |c Ludwig Bergmann ; Clemens Schaefer. Ed. by Wilhelm Raith |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b de Gruyter |c 1997 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 902 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Teilausg. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Atomes |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Molécules |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Particules (physique nucléaire) |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Structure nucléaire |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Atoms | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Molecules | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear physics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear structure | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Particles (Nuclear physics) | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Molekülphysik |0 (DE-588)4039979-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kernphysik |0 (DE-588)4030340-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Atomphysik |0 (DE-588)4003423-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Schaefer, Clemens |d 1878-1968 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)11709644X |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raith, Wilhelm |d 1932-2020 |0 (DE-588)137200684 |4 edt | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1828760212832518144 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
ATOMS
.
1
HANS
KLEINPOPPEN
1.1
DEVELOPMENT
OF
ATOMIC
PHYSICS
.
1
1.2
THE
OLDER
ATOMIC
THEORY
.
3
1.2.1
THE
ATOMIC
MODEL
OF
RUTHERFORD
AND
BOHR
.
3
1.2.2
THE
ENERGY-LEVEL
SCHEME
AND
THE
SPECTRAL
SERIES
OF
ATOMIC
HYDROGEN
.
10
1.3
SCHRODINGER
'
S
FORM
OF
QUANTUM
MECHANICS
.
14
1.3.1
THE
TIME-DEPENDENT
SCHRODINGER
EQUATION
.
14
1.3.2
THE
STATIONARY
SCHRODINGER
EQUATION
.
16
1.3.3
ZERO-POTENTIAL
SOLUTION
OF
THE
SCHRODINGER
EQUATION
.
17
1.3.4
THE
SOLUTION
OF
THE
SCHRODINGER
EQUATION
FOR
THE
CENTRAL
COULOMB
FIELD
IN
THE
HYDROGEN
ATOM
.
18
1.3.5
THE
GROSS
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
ENERGY
STATES
OF
ATOMIC
HYDROGEN
.
29
1.3.6
FINE-STRUCTURE
AND
HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE
SPLITTING
OF
ATOMIC
HYDROGEN
.
30
1.3.6.1
SPIN-ORBIT
INTERACTION
AND
RELATIVISTIC
CORRECTIONS
AS
'
NORMAL
'
FINE
STRUCTURE
.
31
1.3.6.2
THE
HYPERFINE
STRUCTURE
AND
ISOTOPIC
SHIFT
.
40
1.3.6.3
LAMB
SHIFT
AS
ANOMALOUS
FINE
STRUCTURE
(QUANTUM
ELECTRODYNAMICAL
EFFECT)
.
50
1.4
ATTEMPTS
AT
GENERALIZATION
AND
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
AN
ABSTRACT
THEORY
OF
QUANTUM
MECHANICS
.
52
1.4.1
OPERATORS,
EIGENVALUES,
EIGENFUNCTIONS
AND
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
AVERAGES
.
53
1.4.2
THE
DIRAC
NOTATION
AND
MATRIX
FORMULATION
OF
QUANTUM
MECHANICS
.
56
1.4.2.1
THE
LINEAR
VECTOR
SPACE
(HILBERT
SPACE)
.
56
1.4.2.2
THE
POSTULATES
OF
QUANTUM
MECHANICS
EXPRESSED
WITH
STATE
OPERATORS
AND
STATE
VECTORS
.
60
1.4.2.3
FURTHER
CONSEQUENCES
AND
RESULTS
OF
THE
QUANTUM
MECHANICAL
POSTULATES
.
61
1.4.2.4
THE
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
OSCILLATOR
.
63
1.4.2.5
THE
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
POTENTIAL
WELL
.
68
1.4.2.6
SELECTION
RULES
AND
TRANSITION
MATRIX
ELEMENTS
.
73
1.5
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
ATOMS
WITH
MORE
THAN
ONE
ELECTRON
.
82
1.5.1
THE
ELECTROSTATIC
CORRELATION
.
83
1.5.2
RUSSEL-SAUNDERS
AND
JJ
COUPLING
.
83
1.5.3
THE
PAULI
PRINCIPLE
AND
THE
SYMMETRY
OF
WAVE
FUNCTIONS
.
85
1.5.4
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
HELIUM
ATOM
.
87
1.5.5
BUILDING-UP
PRINCIPLES
AND
THE
PERIODIC
SYSTEM
OF
ATOMS
.
95
1.5.6
THE
SPECTRA
OF
THE
ALKALI
METAL
ATOMS
.
102
1,5,7
THE
SPECTRA
OF
THE
ALKALINE
EARTH
METAL
ATOMS
AND
THE
TWO-ELECTRON
SYSTEMS
ZINC,
CADMIUM
AND
MERCURY
.
110
1.5.8
MULTIPLET
SPECTRA
OF
MANY-ELECTRON
ATOMS
.
112
1.5.8.1
THE
ELEMENTS
OF
THE
P
GROUPS
.
113
1.5.8.2
THE
ELEMENTS
OF
THE
D
GROUPS
.
118
X
CONTENTS
1.5.9
ENERGY
STRUCTURE
AND
THE
SPECTRA
OF
POSITIVE
IONS
.
119
1.5.10
NEGATIVE
IONS
.
120
1.5.11
ENERGY
STRUCTURE
OF
INNER
SHELLS.
X-RAY
SPECTRA,
AUGER
EFFECT
AND
COSTER-KRONIG
TRANSITIONS
.
121
1.5.12
X-RAY
BREMSSTRAHLUNG
.
137
1.6
ATOMS
IN
EXTERNAL
FIELDS
.
142
1.6.1
ZEEMAN
EFFECT
-
ATOMS
IN
MAGNETIC
FIELDS
.
142
1.6.1.1
NORMAL
ZEEMAN
EFFECT
AND
LORENTZ
TRIPLETS
.
143
1.6.1.2
ANOMALOUS
ZEEMAN
EFFECT
AND
THE
LANDE
G
FACTOR
.
145
1.6.1.3
QUADRATIC
ZEEMAN
EFFECT,
DIAMAGNETISM
AND
LANDAU
REGIONS
.
155
1.6.2
ELECTRICAL
SPLITTING
OF
ATOMIC
ENERGY
STATES
-
STARK
EFFECT
.
164
1.7
EXPERIMENTAL
METHODS
AND
APPLICATIONS
OF
ATOMIC
SPECTROSCOPY
.
175
1.7.1
ATOMIC
TARGETS
AND
BEAMS
.
175
1.7.1.1
GASEOUS
ATOMIC
CELLS
AND
ATOMIC
BEAMS .
175
1.7.1.2
ION
BEAMS,
ION
TRAPS
AND
ELECTRON
TRAPS
.
181
1.7.2
THE
WIDTH
AND
SHAPE
OF
ATOMIC
SPECTRAL
LINES
.
184
1.7.2.1
THE
NATURAL
OR
RADIATION
LINE
WIDTH,
THE
LORENTZIAN
LINE
SHAPE
.
184
1.7.2.2
COLLISION
OR
PRESSURE
BROADENING
OF
SPECTRAL
LINES
.
186
1.7.2.3
DOPPLER
BROADENING
.
187
1.7.2.4
THE
VOIGT
PROFILE
.
189
1.7.2.5
SATURATION
EFFECT
AND
SELF-REVERSAL
OF
SPECTRAL
LINES
.
190
1.7.3
RADIO-FREQUENCY
AND
MICROWAVE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
192
1.7.3.1
ELECTRIC
AND
MAGNETIC
DIPOLE
TRANSITIONS
.
192
1.7.3.2
THE
MAGNETIC
ATOMIC
BEAM
RESONANCE
METHOD
OF
RABI
.
196
1.7.3.3
THE
HYDROGEN
MASER
AND
THE
HYPERFINE
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
HYDROGEN
ATOM
.
200
1.7.3.4
THE
G
FACTOR
OF
FREE
ELECTRONS
AND
POSITIONS
.
203
1.7.4
OPTICAL
AND
LASER
METHODS
.
204
1.7.4.1
DOPPLER-FREE
ONE
AND
TWO-PHOTON
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
205
1.7.4.2
RADIO-FREQUENCY
AND
MICROWAVE
SPECTROSCOPY
AND
LAMB-SHIFT
EXPERIMENTS
.
209
1.7.4.3
OPTICAL
RESONANCE
TECHNIQUE
.
212
1.7.4.4
HANLE-EFFECT,
LEVEL-CROSSING
AND
ANTICROSSING
SPECTROSCOPY
.
220
1.7.4.5
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
FAST
ATOMIC
PARTICLES
AND
EXCITATION
BY
FOILS
(FAST-BEAM
AND
BEAM-FOIL
SPECTROSCOPY)
.
230
1.7.4.6
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
.
232
1.7.4.7
METASTABLE
STATES
OF
ATOMS
.
237
1.7.4.8
TRAPPED
IONS
AND
ATOMS
.
249
1.8
EXOTIC
ATOMS
.
253
1.9
RYDBERG
ATOMS
.
257
1.10
ATOMIC
COLLISION
PROCESSES
.
259
1.10.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ATOMIC
COLLISION
PROCESSES
.
259
1.10.2
TOTAL
AND
DIFFERENTIAL
CROSS
SECTIONS
.
261
1.10.3
PHOTOIONIZATION
OF
ATOMS
.
263
1.10.3.1
EXPERIMENTAL
METHODS
FOR
MEASURING
PHOTOIONIZATION
CROSS
SECTIONS
.
264
1.10.3.2
RESULTS
FOR
THE
TOTAL
CROSS
SECTIONS
.
272
1.10.3.3
SPIN-ORBIT
INTERACTION
AND
THE
FANO
EFFECT
.
275
1.10.3.4
PHOTOIONIZATION
WITH
POLARIZED
ATOMS
.
278
1.10.4
COLLISION
PROCESSES
BETWEEN
ELECTRONS
(POSITRONS)
AND
ATOMS
.
280
1.10.4.1
PARTIAL-WAVE
ANALYSIS
AND
RAMSAUER-TOWNSEND
EFFECT
.
281
CONTENTS
XI
1.10.4.2
RESONANCE
STRUCTURES
.
287
1.10.4.3
COINCIDENCE
EXPERIMENTS
.
297
1.10.4.4
SPIN
EFFECTS
.
312
1.10.5
ION-ATOM
AND
ATOM-ATOM
COLLISION
PROCESSES
.
323
1.10.5.1
IMPACT-PARAMETER
REPRESENTATION
IN
THE
CLASSICAL
APPROXIMATION
.
323
1.10.5.2
QUASI-MOLECULAR
BONDS
.
324
1.10.5.3
POTENTIAL
SCATTERING
AND
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
STRUCTURE
EFFECTS
.
330
1.10.5.4
COINCIDENCE
AND
SPIN
EXPERIMENTS
.
334
1.10.5.5
ANTIPROTON-ATOM
COLLISIONS
.
340
INTRODUCTION
REMARKS
TO
CHAPTER
2
AND
3:
MOLECULES
.
353
2
MOLECULES
-
BONDS
AND
REACTIONS
.
355
NIKOLAUS
RISCH
2.1
CHEMICAL
BONDS
.
355
2.1.1
CHEMICAL
FORMULAS
.
355
2.1.2
THE
PERIODICITY
OF
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
.
356
2.1.3
METALS
.
358
2.1.4
THE
IONIC
BOND
.
360
2.1.5
THE
COVALENT
BOND
.
361
2.2
DYNAMICS
OF
REACTION
.
366
2.2.1
CHEMICAL
EQUILIBRIUM
.
366
2.2.2
KINETICS,
CATALYSIS
.
367
2.2.3
ACID-BASE
REACTIONS
.
370
2.2.4
REDOX
REACTIONS
.
371
2.3
SYNTHESIS
.
372
2.3.1
REACTION
POSSIBILITIES
AND
MECHANISMS
.
372
2.3.2
STEREOCHEMISTRY
.
376
2.3.3
STRUCTURE
ELUCIDATION
.
381
2.3.4
SOME
INTERESTING
STRUCTURES
.
382
3
MOLECULES
-
SPECTROSCOPY
AND
STRUCTURE
.
385
MANFRED
FINK
3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
385
3.2
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
MOLECULES
IN
THE
ELECTRONIC
GROUND
STATE
.
395
3.2.1
NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
(NMR)
.
395
3.2.1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
395
3.2.1.2
ABSORPTION
AND
EMISSION
.
397
3.2.1.3
BLOCH
'
S
EQUATIONS
.
400
3.2.1.4
THE
NMR
MEASUREMENT
METHOD
.
403
3.2.1.5
MOLECULAR
STRUCTURES
AND
NMR
.
410
3.2.1.6
NMR
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
MEDICINE
.
429
3.2.2
ELECTRON
SPIN-RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
432
3.2.2.1
DEFINITIONS
AND
MEASUREMENT
METHODS
.
432
3.2.2.2
HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE
COUPLINGS
.
432
XII
CONTENTS
3.2.2.3
ESR
IN
TRANSITION
METAL
COMPOUNDS
.
434
3.2.2.4
ENDOR
.
436
3.2.3
MICROWAVE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
437
3.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
DEFINITIONS
.
437
3.2.3.2
LINEAR
MOLECULES
.
438
3.2.3.3
BENT
MOLECULES
.
441
3.2.3.4
THE
MICROWAVE
APPARATUS
.
446
3.2.3.5
APPLICATIONS
OF
MICROWAVE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
449
3.2.4
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
.
453
3.2.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
453
3.2.4.2
SYMMETRIES
IN
POLYATOMIC
MOLECULES
.
457
3.2.4.3
THE
INFRARED
SPECTROMETER
.
460
3.2.4.4
ANALYSIS
OF
INFRARED
SPECTRA
.
463
3.2.4.5
THE
CO
2
LASER
.
467
3.2.4.6
INFRARED
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
469
3.2.5
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
.
470
3.2.5.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
THEORY
.
470
3.2.5.2
RAMAN
SPECTROMETER
.
477
3.2.5.3
RAMAN
SPECTRA
.
479
3.2.5.4
RESONANCE
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
489
3.2.5.5
COHERENT
ANTI-STOKES
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
(CARS)
.
494
3.2.6
MULTIPHOTON
IR
EXCITATIONS
.
499
3.2.6.1
INTRODUCTION
.
499
3.2.6.2
MEASUREMENTS
IN
THE
QUASI-CONTINUUM
.
500
3.2.6.3
MODEL
CALCULATIONS
OF
MULTIPHOTON
EXCITATIONS
.
502
3.3
MOLECULAR
STRUCTURES
IN
THE
ELECTRONIC
GROUND
STATE
.
504
3.3.1
HIGH-ENERGY
ELECTRON
DIFFRACTION
.
505
3.3.2
LOW-ENERGY
ELECTRON
SCATTERING
.
517
3.3.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
517
3.3.2.2
ELASTIC
ELECTRON
SCATTERING
FROM
ORIENTED
MOLECULES
.
518
3.3.2.3
ELASTIC
ELECTRON
SCATTERING
FROM
NON-ORIENTED
MOLECULES
.
526
3.3.2.4
INELASTIC
ELECTRON
SCATTERING
INSIDE
THE
ELECTRONIC
GROUND
STATE
.
535
3.3.2.5
THEORY
OF
ELECTRON-MOLECULE
SCATTERING
.
540
3.3.3
X-RAY
SCATTERING
OF
MOLECULES
IN
THE
GAS
PHASE
.
545
3.3.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
545
3.3.3.2
MEASURING
TECHNIQUE
AND
RESULTS
.
546
3.3.4
HOLOGRAPHY
OF
MOLECULES
.
549
3.4
MOLECULES
IN
EXCITED
ELECTRONIC
STATES
.
550
3.4.1
THE
BORN-OPPENHEIMER
THEOREM
.
550
3.4.2
CLASSIFICATION
AND
TERM
SYMBOLS
OF
ELECTRONICALLY
EXCITED
MOLECULAR
STATES
.
554
3.4.3
ORBITALS
FOR
DIATOMIC
MOLECULES
.
'
.
561
3.4.3.1
THE
HOMONUCLEAR
CASE
.
561
3.4.3.2
MOLECULAR
ORBITALS
OF
DIATOMIC
HETEROMOLECULES
.
566
3.4.4
SELECTION
RULES
AND
LINE
INTENSITIES
.
568
3.4.4.1
THE
ELECTRONIC
CONTRIBUTION
.
568
3.4.4.2
VIBRATIONAL
STRUCTURE
OF
ELECTRONIC
EXCITATIONS
.
570
3.4.4.3
ROTATIONAL
STRUCTURE
OF
AN
ELECTRONIC
BAND
SYSTEM
.
576
3.4.5
INELASTIC
ELECTRON
SCATTERING
.
580
3.4.5.1
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
OPTICAL
EXCITATION
AND
ELECTRON
IMPACT
PROCESSES
.
580
3.4.5.2
OSCILLATOR
STRENGTHS;
BETHE
SURFACES
AND
SUM
RULES
.
582
CONTENTS
YY
XIII
3.4.5.3
EXPERIMENTAL
INELASTIC
CROSS
SECTIONS
.
584
3.4.5.4
EXAFS
(EXTENDED
X-RAY
ABSORPTION
FINE
STRUCTURE)
.
587
3.5
EXAMPLES
OF
MOLECULES
OF
INTEREST
TO
PHYSICS
.
590
3.5.1
MUONIC
MOLECULES
(DTP)
DE
2
.
590
3.5.1.1
MUONIC
HYDROGEN
.
590
3.5.1.2
MUON-CATALYZED
FUSION
.
592
3.5.2
THE
MULTIPLE
BONDS
OF
TRANSITION
METALS
.
596
3.5.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
596
3.5.2.2
THE
ULTRASHORT
CR
-
CR
BOND
LENGTH
.
600
3.5.2.3
THE
PHOTOELECTRON
SPECTRA
OF
COMPOUNDS
WITH
MULTIPLE
BONDS
.
601
3.5.3
VAN
DER
WAALS
MOLECULES
.
607
3.5.3.1
OCCURRENCE
AND
DETECTION
.
607
3.5.3.2
PROPERTIES
OF
VAN
DER
WAALS
MOLECULES
.
610
3.5.3.3
STRUCTURES
AND
MOLECULAR
ORBITALS
.
615
3.5.3.4
THE
ROLE
OF
VDW
MOLECULES
IN
THE
ATMOSPHERE
.
618
4
NUCLEI
.
625
KLAUS-PETER
LIEB
4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
625
4.1.1
WHAT
DOES
NUCLEAR
PHYSICS
DEAL
WITH?
.
625
4.1.2
A
SHORT
OUTLINE
OF
THE
HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
.
628
4.2
GENERAL
PROPERTIES
OF
ATOMIC
NUCLEI
.
631
4.2.1
DEFINITIONS
.
631
4.2.2
THE
ATOMIC
NUMBER
Z
.
632
4.2.3
NUCLEAR
MASSES
AND
BINDING
ENERGIES
.
636
4.2.3.1
DEFINITIONS
.
636
4.2.3.2
MASS
SEPARATORS
AND
SPECTROMETERS
.
638
4.2.3.3
SEPARATION
ENERGIES,
Q
VAKLUES;
THE
MASS
OF
THE
NEUTRON
.
641
4.2.3.4
SYSTEMATICS
OF
BINDING
ENERGIES
.
644
4.2.4
NUCLEAR
RADII
AND
NUCLEON
DISTRIBUTIONS
.
645
4.2.4.1
NUCLEON
DISTRIBUTIONS
.
645
4.2.4.2
NUCLEAR
CHARGE-DENSITY
DISTRIBUTION
.
648
4.2.4.3
ELECTRIC
QUADRUPOLE
MOMENTS
.
660
4.2.5
NUCLEAR
SPINS
AND
MAGNETIC
MOMENTS
.
662
4.3
NUCLEAR
MODELS
.
663
4.3.1
THE
DROPLET
MODEL
.
664
4.3.2
THE
COLLECTIVE
MODEL
.
666
4.3.2.1
NUCLEAR
VIBRATIONS
.
666
4.3.2.2
ROTATIONAS
BAND
IN
EVEN-EVEN
NUCLEI
.
671
4.3.3
THE
SINGLE-PARTICLE
SHELL
MODEL
.
674
4.3.3.1
MAGIC
NUMBERS
.
674
4.3.3.2
THE
SHELL
MODEL
.
677
4.3.3.3
CONSEQUENCES
OF
THE
SHELL
MODEL.
RESIDUAL
INTERACTIONS
.
680
4.3.4
THE
FERMI-GAS
MODEL
.
685
4.3.5
COUPLINGS
OF
COLLECTIVE
AND
SINGLE-PARTICLE
DEGREES
OF
FREEDOM
.
689
4.4
THE
NUCLEON-NUCLEON
INTERACTION
.
694
4.4.1
THE
DEUTERON
.
695
XIV
CONTENTS
4.4.2
NUCLEON-NUCLEON
SCATTERING
.
698
4.4.2.1
PROTON-NEUTRON
SCATTERING
.
698
4.4.2.2
PROTON-PROTON
SCATTERING
.
703
4.4.3
ISOSPIN
.
707
4.4.4
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
NUCLEON-NUCLEON
POTENTIALS
.
710
4.4.5
MESONS
AND/OR
QUARKS
IN
NUCLEI?
.
713
4.5
NUCLEAR
DECAYS
.
720
4.5.1
CHART
OF
NUCLIDES,
DECAY
LAW,
CONSERVATION
LAWS
.
720
4.5.2
ALPHA
DECAY
.
724
4.5.2.1
SOME
IMPORTANT
OBSERVATIONS
.
724
4.5.2.2
THE
GAMOW
FACTOR
.
726
4.5.2.3
RECENT
RESULTS
.
728
4.5.3
NUCLEAR
FISSION
.
731
4.5.3.1
THE
FISSION
PROCESS
.
731
4.5.3.2
ENERGY
BALANCE,
FISSION
BARRIER
.
732
4.5.3.3
FISSION
REACTORS
.
735
4.5.4
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION
OF
THE
NUCLEUS
.
738
4.5.4.1
SELECTION
RULES
.
738
4.5.4.2
SINGLE-PARTICLE
WIDTHS
.
740
4.5.4.3
MEASUREMENT
OF
NUCLEAR
LIFETIMES
.
742
4.5.4.4
NUCLEAR
RESONANCE
ABSORPTION
AND
THE
MDSSBAUER
EFFECT
.
746
4.5.4.5
ELECTRON
CONVERSION
(EC)
.
749
4.5.5
BETA
DECAYS
.
750
4.5.5.1
NEUTRINOS
.
750
4.5.5.2
THE
SHAPE
OF
THE
[J
SPECTRUM
.
752
4.5.5.3
J3-DECAY
PROBABILITY
.
755
4.5.5.4
PARITY
VIOLATION
.
757
4.5.5.5
HELICITY
OF
THE
NEUTRINO
.
759
4.5.6
RADIODATING
.
761
5
PARTICLES
.
773
PETER
SCHMIISER,
HARTWIG
SPITZER
5.1
HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
AND
BASIC
CONCEPTS
OF
PARTICLE
PHYSICS
.
773
5.1.1
ELEMENTARY
PARTICLES
IN
ATOMIC
AND
NUCLEAR
PHYSICS
.
773
5.1.2
FIRST
ATTEMPTS
TOWARDS
AN
UNDERSTANDING
OF
THE
FUNDAMENTAL
INTERACTIONS
.
774
5.1.3
OUR
PRESENT
PICTURE
OF
ELEMENTARY
PARTICLES
AND
THEIR
INTERACTIONS
.
777
5.2
ACCELERATORS
AND
PARTICLE
DETECTORS
.
782
5.2.1
BASIC
ELEMENTS
OF
ACCELERATOR
PHYSICS
.
782
5.2.1.1
BEAM
OPTICS
AND
BETATRON
OSCILLATIONS
.
782
5.2.1.2
ACCELERATION
.
786
5.2.1.3
INFLUENCE
OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
.
788
5.2.1.4
PARTICLE
SOURCES
AND
PRE-ACCELERATORS
.
790
5.2.2
STORAGE
RINGS
AND
LINEAR
COLLIDERS
.
791
5.2.3
INTERACTION
OF
PARTICLES
AND
Y
RAYS
WITH
MATTER
.
793
5.2.3.1
IONIZATION
.
793
5.2.3.2
BREMSSTRAHLUNG
.
795
5.2.3.3
CHERENKOV
AND
TRANSITION
RADIATION
.
796
5.2.3.4
PAIR
PRODUCTION
AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SHOWERS
.
797
CONTENTS
XV
5.2.3.5
HADRONIC
SHOWERS
.
797
5.2.4
PARTICLE
DETECTORS
.
798
5.2.4.1
BASIC
TASKS
OF
THE
DETECTOR
COMPONENTS
.
798
5.2.4.2
SCINTILLATION
COUNTERS
.
798
5.2.4.3
BUBBLE
CHAMBERS
.
798
5.2.4.4
PROPORTIONAL
AND
DRIFT
CHAMBERS
.
799
5.2.4.5
TIME-OF-FLIGHT
AND
CHERENKOV
COUNTERS
.
800
5.2.4.6
SHOWER
COUNTERS
AND
CALORIMETERS
.
801
5.2.4.7
A
LARGE
STORAGE-RING
EXPERIMENT
.
803
5.3
ELEMENTARY
PARTICLES
AND
THEIR
PROPERTIES
.
804
5.3.1
PARTICLES
WITH
STRONG
DECAYS
.
805
5.3.2
ANTIPARTICLES
.
809
5.3.3
MASS
AND
MEAN
LIFE
.
812
5.3.4
SPIN
AND
MAGNETIC
MOMENT
.
815
5.3.5
CHARGE-LIKE
QUANTUM
NUMBERS
.
818
5.3.6
PARITY
.
819
5.3.7
CHARGE
CONJUGATION,
CP
AND
TIME
REVERSAL
.
822
5.4
QUARK
MODEL
.
823
5.4.1
ORDERING
OF
HADRONS
INTO
ISOSPIN
AND
SU(3)
MULTIPLETS
.
823
5.4.2
THE
"
NEW
PARTICLES*
1
.
826
5.4.3
EXPERIMENTAL
EVIDENCE
FOR
THE
EXISTENCE
OF
QUARKS
.
830
5.4.3.1
INELASTIC
ELECTRON-NUCLEON
SCATTERING
.
830
5.4.3.2
HADRON
JETS
IN
ELECTRON-POSITRON
ANNIHILATION
.
832
5.4.3.3
CHARMONIUM
AND
BOTTOMIUM
.
834
5.4.4
COLOR
CHARGES
AND
GLUONS
.
836
5.4.5
DISCOVERY
OF
THE
GLUONS
.
838
5.5
FEYNMAN
DIAGRAMS
AND
PARTICLE
REACTIONS
.
840
5.5.1
ELECTROMAGNETIC
REACTIONS
.
840
5.5.1.1
ELEMENTARY
PROCESSES
AND
FEYNMAN
DIAGRAMS
IN
QED
.
840
5.5.1.2
EXAMPLES
OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
REACTIONS
.
842
5.5.2
WEAK
INTERACTIONS
.
846
5.5.3
STRONG
INTERACTIONS
.
851
5.6
UNIFICATION
OF
INTERACTIONS
.
855
5.6.1
EXPERIMENTAL
FOUNDATIONS
OF
THE
UNIFIED
ELECTRO-WEAK
INTERACTION
.
855
5.6.2
GAUGE
THEORY
OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERACTIONS
.
857
5.6.3
THE
STANDARD
MODEL
OF
ELECTRO-WEAK
INTERACTIONS
.
860
5.6.4
QUANTUM
CHROMODYNAMICS
AS
A
GAUGE
THEORY
.
866
5.7
CONCLUSIONS
AND
FURTHER
OUTLOOK
.
868
APPENDIX:
RELATIVISTIC
KINEMATICS
AND
UNITS
.
869
THE
1986
RECOMMENDED
VALUES
OF
THE
FUNDAMENTAL
PHYSICAL
CONSTANTS
.
875
INDEX
.
881 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bergmann, Ludwig 1898-1959 Schaefer, Clemens 1878-1968 |
| author2 | Raith, Wilhelm 1932-2020 |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | w r wr |
| author_GND | (DE-588)130394025 (DE-588)11709644X (DE-588)137200684 |
| author_facet | Bergmann, Ludwig 1898-1959 Schaefer, Clemens 1878-1968 Raith, Wilhelm 1932-2020 |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Bergmann, Ludwig 1898-1959 |
| author_variant | l b lb c s cs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011446283 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QC793 |
| callnumber-raw | QC793.3.S8 |
| callnumber-search | QC793.3.S8 |
| callnumber-sort | QC 3793.3 S8 |
| callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
| classification_rvk | UC 100 UM 1000 UO 1000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)37373504 (DE-599)BVBBV011446283 |
| dewey-full | 539/.1 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 539 - Modern physics |
| dewey-raw | 539/.1 |
| dewey-search | 539/.1 |
| dewey-sort | 3539 11 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV011446283 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-04-07T16:00:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3110139901 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007699385 |
| oclc_num | 37373504 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29T DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29T DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 DE-11 |
| physical | XV, 902 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | de Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bergmann, Ludwig 1898-1959 Verfasser (DE-588)130394025 aut Teilchen Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles Ludwig Bergmann ; Clemens Schaefer. Ed. by Wilhelm Raith Berlin [u.a.] de Gruyter 1997 XV, 902 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Teilausg. Atomes ram Molécules ram Particules (physique nucléaire) ram Structure nucléaire ram Atoms Molecules Nuclear physics Nuclear structure Particles (Nuclear physics) Molekülphysik (DE-588)4039979-5 gnd rswk-swf Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd rswk-swf Atomphysik (DE-588)4003423-9 gnd rswk-swf Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd rswk-swf Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Atomphysik (DE-588)4003423-9 s DE-604 Molekülphysik (DE-588)4039979-5 s Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 s Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 s Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 s 1\p DE-604 Schaefer, Clemens 1878-1968 Verfasser (DE-588)11709644X aut Raith, Wilhelm 1932-2020 (DE-588)137200684 edt DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007699385&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Bergmann, Ludwig 1898-1959 Schaefer, Clemens 1878-1968 Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles Atomes ram Molécules ram Particules (physique nucléaire) ram Structure nucléaire ram Atoms Molecules Nuclear physics Nuclear structure Particles (Nuclear physics) Molekülphysik (DE-588)4039979-5 gnd Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd Atomphysik (DE-588)4003423-9 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039979-5 (DE-588)4030340-8 (DE-588)4003423-9 (DE-588)4043650-0 (DE-588)4014414-8 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles |
| title_alt | Teilchen |
| title_auth | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles |
| title_exact_search | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles |
| title_full | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles Ludwig Bergmann ; Clemens Schaefer. Ed. by Wilhelm Raith |
| title_fullStr | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles Ludwig Bergmann ; Clemens Schaefer. Ed. by Wilhelm Raith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constituents of matter atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles Ludwig Bergmann ; Clemens Schaefer. Ed. by Wilhelm Raith |
| title_short | Constituents of matter |
| title_sort | constituents of matter atoms molecules nuclei and particles |
| title_sub | atoms, molecules, nuclei and particles |
| topic | Atomes ram Molécules ram Particules (physique nucléaire) ram Structure nucléaire ram Atoms Molecules Nuclear physics Nuclear structure Particles (Nuclear physics) Molekülphysik (DE-588)4039979-5 gnd Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd Atomphysik (DE-588)4003423-9 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Atomes Molécules Particules (physique nucléaire) Structure nucléaire Atoms Molecules Nuclear physics Nuclear structure Particles (Nuclear physics) Molekülphysik Kernphysik Atomphysik Optik Elementarteilchenphysik Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007699385&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bergmannludwig teilchen AT schaeferclemens teilchen AT raithwilhelm teilchen AT bergmannludwig constituentsofmatteratomsmoleculesnucleiandparticles AT schaeferclemens constituentsofmatteratomsmoleculesnucleiandparticles AT raithwilhelm constituentsofmatteratomsmoleculesnucleiandparticles |