It takes a nation: a new agenda for fighting poverty
In this impeccably researched book, Rebecca Blank provides the definitive antidote to the scapegoating, guesswork, and outright misinformation of today's welfare debates. Demonstrating that government aid has been far more effective than most people think, she also explains that even private su...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Russell Sage Foundations [u.a.]
1997
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | In this impeccably researched book, Rebecca Blank provides the definitive antidote to the scapegoating, guesswork, and outright misinformation of today's welfare debates. Demonstrating that government aid has been far more effective than most people think, she also explains that even private support for the poor depends extensively on public funds. It takes a nation to fight a problem as pervasive and subtle as modern poverty, and this book argues that we should continue to implement a mix of private and public programs. Federal, state, and local assistance should go hand in hand with private efforts at community development and personal empowerment and change. |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 340 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0691026750 |
Internformat
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| 520 | 3 | |a In this impeccably researched book, Rebecca Blank provides the definitive antidote to the scapegoating, guesswork, and outright misinformation of today's welfare debates. Demonstrating that government aid has been far more effective than most people think, she also explains that even private support for the poor depends extensively on public funds. It takes a nation to fight a problem as pervasive and subtle as modern poverty, and this book argues that we should continue to implement a mix of private and public programs. Federal, state, and local assistance should go hand in hand with private efforts at community development and personal empowerment and change. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | • CONTENTS •
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF TABLES xiii
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix
INTRODUCTION 3
Looking at the Facts 4
A Note About the Definition of Poverty 9
CHAPTER 1
The Changing Face of Poverty 13
1.1 Who Is Poor in America Today? 14
1.2 Moving In and Out of Poverty 22
1.3 The Location of Poverty: It s Closer than You Think 27
1.4 Why Don t They Just Get Jobs? Work Behavior among the Poor 30
1.5 Teen Moms and Out of Wedlock Births: Changing Fertility and
Marriage Behavior in the United States 33
1.6 Poor Single Mothers: What Problems Do They Face? 39
1.7 Absent Fathers: Why Don t We Ever Talk about the Unmarried Men? 42
1.8 Drugs, Gangs, and Illegal Activity: Crime and Poverty 47
CHAPTER 2
A Changing Economy 52
; 2.1 The Death of Trickle Down Economics : Why Economic Growth
No Longer Reduces Poverty 53
2.2 Jobs: As Available (or as Unavailable) as Ever 57
2.3 One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Fifteen Years of Falling Wages 60
2.4 Work Follows Wages: Changing Work Effort among the Poor 68
2.5 Cities Down/Suburbs Up: The Changing Geography of Jobs 72
2.6 Outside the Mainstream: The Underground Economy and the Poor 75
2.7 Get A Job : How Far Out of Poverty Will It Take You? 79
CHAPTER 3
Changing Policy: America s Efforts to Provide a Social Safety Net 83
on
3.1 New Directions for Policy °^
3.2 The Social Safety Net in Operation 94
3.3 Cash Assistance Programs °
3.4 In Kind Assistance Programs
3.5 Earnings Subsidy Programs
viii • contents •
3.6 Job Search and Job Training Programs 117
3.7 Family based Programs: Child Support Efforts 121
3.8 Targeting Youth: Educational Enrichment Efforts 123
3.9 Improving Neighborhoods: Economic Development Efforts 127
CHAPTER 4
What Do Antipoverty Programs Do? 133
4.1 Do Cash Transfers Reduce Poverty? 135
4.2 What Effect Do Cash Transfers Have on Work
and Fertility? 145
4.3 What About Welfare Dependence? 151
4.4 Management Matters: The Operating System of afdc 157
4.5 Have In Kind Programs Improved the Health and Nutrition of
America s Poor? 161
4.6 Waste, Fraud, and Abuse: Are These Costs Too High? 167
4.7 Do Job Programs Encourage Work? 173
4.8 Youth Education and Training: Can We Prevent Problems? 178
4.9 Fighting Neighborhood Poverty: Do Economic Development
Programs Improve Neighborhoods? 184
CHAPTER 5
Who Should Help the Poor? 191
5.1 Why Should We Operate a Public Social Safety Net? 192
5.2 What Can We Expect from Private Charity? 200
5.3 States Rights versus Federal Oversight: What Is the Appropriate
Role for Each Level of Government? 207
CHAPTER 6
The Movement toward Targeted Programs 220
6.1 Policy Lessons 221
6.2 Targeted Programs: Problems and Promises 232
6.3 Five Effectiveness Criteria for Targeted Programs 238
CHAPTER 7
Where Should We Go from Here? 252
7.1 A Three Tier System of Family Assistance 254
7.2 Supplementing Income and Making Work Pay: The eitc, Child Care
Tax Credits, and Assured Child Support 260
7.3 Money Matters 268
7.4 Effective Job Placement and Training Programs 274
7.5 Helping Teens Prepare for the Future 279
7.6 Addressing the Problems of Urban Ghetto Neighborhoods 284
CHAPTER 8
Conclusions 290
• CONTENTS • iX
NOTES 295
REFERENCES 311
INDEX 329
• LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Composition of Poor and Nonpoor Persons in the
United States, 1993, by Age, Race and Ethnicity,
Family Type, and Educational Attainment 16
Figure 1.2 Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnicity, 1994, in Total
and among Single Mother Families 19
Figure 1.3 Poverty Rates among Children and the Elderly, 1966
1994 19
Figure 1.4 Extent of Poverty among Americans, 1979 1991 23
Figure 1.5 Extent of Poverty among White and Black Americans,
1979 1991 24
Figure 1.6 Reasons Why Poverty Spells Begin 26
Figure 1.7 Reasons Why Poverty Spells End 26
Figure 1.8 Composition of Poor Persons in the United States, by
Geographic Location, 1970 and 1993 29
Figure 1.9 Percentage of Out of Wedlock Births, by Race and
Age, 1959 1993 34
Figure 1.10 Victimization Rates for Crimes of Violence, Theft,
and Household Burglary, 1975 1991 48
Figure 2.1 U.S. Poverty Rate versus Gross Domestic Product per
Capita, 1960 1994 55
Figure 2.2 Unemployment Rates by Sex, 1966 1994 58
Figure 2.3 Unemployment Rates by Skill Level, 1994 59
Figure 2.4 Men s Average Weekly Wages, for Full Time, Full
Year Workers, 1967 1993, by Educational Level, in
1993 Dollars 62
Figure 2.5 Percent Change in Men s Average Weekly Wages, for
Full Time, Full Year Workers, 1979 1993 62
Figure 2.6 Women s Average Weekly Wages, for Full Time,
Full Year Workers, 1967 1993, by Educational
Level, in 1993 Dollars 63
Figure 2.7 Percent Change in Women s Average Weekly Wages,
for Full Time, Full Year Workers, 1979 1993 63
Figure 2.8 Share of Adult Male Population at Work or Seeking
Work, 1970 and 1993 69
Figure 2.9 Share of Adult Female Population at Work or Seeking
Work, 1970 and 1993 70
Figure 2.10 Percentage of Workers Who Work Part Time, 1968
1993 71
Figure 2.11 Estimated Size of Underground Economy as a Per¬
centage of gnp (All Reported Economic Activity),
1958 1994 77
XU LIST OF FIGURES*
Figure 3.1 Government Spending on Social Programs as a
Fraction of Outlays, 1965 1995 87
Figure 3.2 Composition of Federal (Fiscal 1995) and State (Fiscal
1992) Expenditures 88
Figure 3.3 Median State afdc Benefits per Month, for a Family
of Four, 1970 1994, in 1994 Dollars 101
Figure 3.4 afdc Benefit Level Reduction with Increased Earnings 102
Figure 3.5 Median State afdc and Food Stamp Benefits per
Month, for a Family of Four, 1970 1994, in
1994 Dollars 107
Figure 3.6 Earned Income Tax Credit with Increased Earnings 112
Figure 3.7 Minimum Wage Levels, 1946 1994, in 1994 Dollars 115
Figure 4.1 Cross Country Comparison of the Percentage of
Individuals in Very Low Income Families 141
Figure 4.2 Poverty Rates versus Spending on afdc and ssi, 1965
1993, in 1993 Dollars 143
Figure 4.3 Poverty Rates versus Unemployment Rates, 1964
1994 144
Figure 4.4 Cross Country Comparison of Birthrates per 1,000
Women Aged 15 19 in 1987 150
Figure 4.5 Patterns of afdc Use, Single Spells and Lifetime
Spells 153
Figure 4.6 Overpayments as a Percentage of All Benefits Paid 170
• LIST OF TABLES •
Table 1.1 Birthrates and Number of Births to Single and Married
Women, 1960 1990 35
Table 1.2 Child Support Awards among Women with Children
Whose Father Is Not Present in the Household, 1989 45
Table 2.1 Earnings Needed to Escape Poverty for Different
Families 81
Table 3.1 Major Public Assistance Programs in the United States 86
Table 3.2 Effects of Combined Transfer Programs on Take Home
Income 96
Table 4.1 Poverty Rates and Poverty Gaps among Families in
1993, with and without Cash Public Assistance 139
Table 4.2 Poverty Rates and Poverty Gaps for Single Mother
Families in 1993, with and without Cash Public
Assistance and Adjusting for Work Behavior Changes 147
Table 4.3 Administrative Costs in Public Assistance Programs 168
Table 4.4 Administrative Costs among Large National Charities 169
Table 5.1 Division of Responsibility within Public Assistance
Programs 209
Table 7.1 Effect of Proposed Programs on Take Home Income 267
|
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| spelling | Blank, Rebecca M. 1955-2023 Verfasser (DE-588)12859070X aut It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty Rebecca M. Blank New York Russell Sage Foundations [u.a.] 1997 XVII, 340 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In this impeccably researched book, Rebecca Blank provides the definitive antidote to the scapegoating, guesswork, and outright misinformation of today's welfare debates. Demonstrating that government aid has been far more effective than most people think, she also explains that even private support for the poor depends extensively on public funds. It takes a nation to fight a problem as pervasive and subtle as modern poverty, and this book argues that we should continue to implement a mix of private and public programs. Federal, state, and local assistance should go hand in hand with private efforts at community development and personal empowerment and change. Aide sociale - États-Unis Armoede gtt Pauvreté - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Pobreza - Política gubernamental - Estados Unidos Sociale politiek gtt Politik Wirtschaft Poverty Government policy United States Public welfare United States Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Estados Unidos - Condiciones económicas - 1981 États-Unis - Conditions économiques - 1981-2001 USA United States Economic conditions 1981-2001 USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007634906&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Blank, Rebecca M. 1955-2023 It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty Aide sociale - États-Unis Armoede gtt Pauvreté - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Pobreza - Política gubernamental - Estados Unidos Sociale politiek gtt Politik Wirtschaft Poverty Government policy United States Public welfare United States Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055879-4 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty |
| title_auth | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty |
| title_exact_search | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty |
| title_full | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty Rebecca M. Blank |
| title_fullStr | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty Rebecca M. Blank |
| title_full_unstemmed | It takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty Rebecca M. Blank |
| title_short | It takes a nation |
| title_sort | it takes a nation a new agenda for fighting poverty |
| title_sub | a new agenda for fighting poverty |
| topic | Aide sociale - États-Unis Armoede gtt Pauvreté - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Pobreza - Política gubernamental - Estados Unidos Sociale politiek gtt Politik Wirtschaft Poverty Government policy United States Public welfare United States Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aide sociale - États-Unis Armoede Pauvreté - Politique gouvernementale - États-Unis Pobreza - Política gubernamental - Estados Unidos Sociale politiek Politik Wirtschaft Poverty Government policy United States Public welfare United States Sozialpolitik Armut Estados Unidos - Condiciones económicas - 1981 États-Unis - Conditions économiques - 1981-2001 USA United States Economic conditions 1981-2001 |
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