Pulmonary complications of HIV infection:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Clinics in chest medicine
17,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VIII S., S. 621 - 822 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pulmonary complications of HIV infection |c Dorothy A. White ... guest ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 1996 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Clinics in chest medicine |v 17,4 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Complicaties |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a HIV |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Infections à VIH - complications | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Longziekten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Maladies pulmonaires | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |x complications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV infections |x Complications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Lungs |x Diseases | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a HIV-Infektion |0 (DE-588)4203852-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF HTV INFECTION
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Dorothy A. White and Diane E. Stover
Overview of Pulmonary Complications 621
Mark J. Rosen
Pulmonary diseases continue to be important causes of illness and death
in patients with HIV infection, but changes in therapy and demographics
of HIV infected populations are changing their manifestations. The risk of
developing specific disorders is related to the area of residence, degree of
immunosuppressions, HIV risk group, and use of prophylactic therapies.
Bronchitis and sinusitis occur commonly in the general population but
more frequently in HIV infected persons. The increasing population of
HIV infected drug users is reflected in the increasing incidence of bacterial
pneumonia and tuberculosis. Antipneumocystis prophylaxis has reduced
the incidence of and mortality rate from this infection, and adjunctive
corticosteroid therapy has improved the outlook for respiratory failure.
Increased longevity, however, carries the risk of developing other opportu¬
nistic infections and neoplasms, some previously rare in AIDS.
Immunologic Effects of HIV in the Lung 633
Carlo Agostini and Gianpietro Semenzato
This article covers a selected group of topics dealing with the contribution
of lung immunocompetent cells in the host defense mechanisms against
HIV. These include recent findings suggesting that bidirectional signals
between alveolar macrophages and pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocytes
define regulatory networks, which contribute to the accumulation of HIV
specific effector cells in the lung microenvironment. The authors also
emphasize the cell pattern of HIV infection in the lung, highlighting the
role of the retrovirus in weakening pulmonary host defenses and its
spreading into the lower respiratory tract.
Treatment of HIV Infection and its Complications 647
Bruce Polsky
Because the AIDS epidemic continues to grow, there is a sense of urgency
to develop new treatment strategies, both for HIV infection and for AIDS
CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE
VOLUME 17 • NUMBER 4 • DECEMBER 1996 V
related illnesses. The rapid gathering of basic information related to HIV
type 1 biology and opportunistic infections has led to an explosion in
physicians ability to diagnose, prevent, and treat HIV disease and its
associated complications. Research in this rapidly evolving field is likely
to lead to further advances in the months and years that follow.
Pneumocystis carinii 665
Stewart J. Levine
Improved understanding of Pneumocystis carinii, in particular the wide¬
spread use of chemoprophylaxis, has resulted in a declining incidence of
infection in patients infected with HIV since the late 1980s. Despite these
advances, P. carinii pneumonia continues to represent an important cause
of pulmonary disease in HIV seropositive individuals who do not receive
chemoprophylaxis or when breakthrough episodes occur. This article re¬
views the history, biology, clinical manifestations, prognostic markers,
therapy, and chemoprophylaxis of P. carinii pneumonia in HIV seroposi¬
tive patients.
Mycobacterial Complications of HIV Infection 697
Daniel P. Chin and Philip C. Hopewell
Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection worldwide and
is caused by the only readily transmissible pathogen among persons with
HIV infection. If treatment is initiated promptly and is supervised appro¬
priately, cure, fortunately, is highly likely. Isoniazid preventive therapy
substantially reduces the risk of tuberculosis in persons with HIV infec¬
tion. Of the nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium complex
(MAC) is the most frequent cause of disease; however, disseminated
MAC disease usually is not seen until the CD4+ cell count is less than
50 cells/L. Newer agents, such as the macrolides and rifabutin, form
the nucleus of treatment regimens and also are effective in preventing
the disease.
Bacterial Pneumonia Associated with HIV 1 Infection 713
Gary A. Noskin and Jeffrey Glassroth
Bacterial pneumonia remains a common infection in HIV 1 infected indi¬
viduals, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although this
infection can develop at any level of immune suppression, it occurs most
commonly as CD4 counts decline. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most
common pathogen causing bronchopneumonia, followed by Haemophilus
influenzae. Initial antimicrobial therapy for bacterial pneumonia is similar
to that in HIV 1 seronegative patients; however, antibiotic resistance may
be an emerging problem. Finally, several opportunities exist for preven¬
tion, and these should be pursued aggressively.
Fungal Pulmonary Complications 725
Scott F. Davies and George Sarosi
With AIDS has come a new level of T cell immunosuppression, beyond
that previously seen. The impact of the HIV pandemic on the field of
fungal infections includes a major increase in the number of serious fungal
infections, an increase in the severity of those infections, and even some
entirely new manifestations of fungal illness. In this article fungal pulmo¬
nary complications of AIDS are discussed. T cell opportunists including
Cryptococcus neoformans and the endemic mycoses are the most important
pathogens. Phagocyte opportunists, including Aspergillus species and
agents of mucormycosis, are less important.
vi CONTENTS
Viruses and Other Miscellaneous Organisms 745
Jeanne Marie Wallace
Pulmonary infections caused by several types of viruses and other miscel¬
laneous organisms may cause disease in HIV infection. Evidence suggests
that pulmonary conditions may result from infections of the lung by HIV
itself. Other viruses, most commonly cytomegalovirus, may be primary
perpetrators of pneumonitis or may contribute to diseases caused by
coexisting infections. Although diagnosis and assessment of the clinical
significance of these infections may be difficult, their recognition is of
practical importance because potentially effective therapeutic agents are
available for several of them. Miscellaneous infections such as pulmonary
toxoplasmosis and pertussis are other uncommon but potentially treatable
complications of HIV disease.
Pulmonary Complications of HIV Associated Malignancies 755
Dorothy A. White
Approximately 25% of patients infected with HIV will develop malignan¬
cies, most commonly Kaposi s sarcoma and non Hodgin s lymphoma.
These tumors can involve the lung, causing significant morbidity and
mortality. This article discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
treatment of the pulmonary complications of the malignancies associated
with HIV infection.
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis and Nonspecific Interstitial
Pneumonitis 763
Roslyn F. Schneider
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NIP) and lymphocytic interstitial
pneumonitis (LIP), with or without lymphocytic alveolitis, are poorly
understood pulmonary complications of HIV infection. These disorders
probably represent a spectrum of lymphoproliferative processes that over¬
lap, rather than distinct illnesses. The clinical presentation, radiographic
findings, and physiologic abnormalities in NIP and LIP are not specific
and therefore require a biopsy for definitive diagnosis. The clinical course
of these illnesses is generally favorable, even without specific treatment.
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Disease 767
Nicholas J. Vander Els and Diane E. Stover
The spectrum of pulmonary disease seen with HIV infection has been
altered by the use of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and the
rise in tuberculosis. A diagnostic approach is described that takes these
changes into account. Patients at risk for severe pulmonary disease are
identified by noninvasive screening tests, and the appropriate, specific
diagnostic test expeditiously arranged. The optional use and limitations
of radiography, nuclear scintography, blood tests, sputum examinations,
pulmonary function tests, and invasive procedures are reviewed.
HIV in Children 787
Michael R. Bye
Because children acquire HIV infection differently than adults, this article
begins with a discussion of the epidemiology of AIDS in children. This is
followed by a discussion of factors related to progression of the disease
and survival in pediatric AIDS. A discussion of the pulmonary manifesta¬
tions in children is followed by a suggested approach to the HIV infected
child with respiratory symptoms.
CONTENTS vii
HIV in Illicit Drug Users 797
Anne E. O Donnell
Illicit drug users comprise a significant and increasing percentage of pa¬
tients with HIV infection. This article covers the unique pulmonary com¬
plications seen in this population, including bacterial pneumonia, tubercu¬
losis, endocarditis, and noninfectious processes. The pathophysiology and
specific disease entities are reviewed.
Cumulative Index 1996 809
Subscription Information Inside back cover
viii
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| spelling | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection Dorothy A. White ... guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1996 VIII S., S. 621 - 822 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Clinics in chest medicine 17,4 Complicaties gtt HIV gtt Infections à VIH - complications Longziekten gtt Maladies pulmonaires HIV Infections complications HIV infections Complications Lungs Diseases Lungenkrankheit (DE-588)4036660-1 gnd rswk-swf HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 s Lungenkrankheit (DE-588)4036660-1 s DE-604 White, Dorothy A. Sonstige oth Clinics in chest medicine 17,4 (DE-604)BV000001084 17,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007507567&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection Clinics in chest medicine Complicaties gtt HIV gtt Infections à VIH - complications Longziekten gtt Maladies pulmonaires HIV Infections complications HIV infections Complications Lungs Diseases Lungenkrankheit (DE-588)4036660-1 gnd HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4036660-1 (DE-588)4203852-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection |
| title_auth | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection |
| title_exact_search | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection |
| title_full | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection Dorothy A. White ... guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection Dorothy A. White ... guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection Dorothy A. White ... guest ed. |
| title_short | Pulmonary complications of HIV infection |
| title_sort | pulmonary complications of hiv infection |
| topic | Complicaties gtt HIV gtt Infections à VIH - complications Longziekten gtt Maladies pulmonaires HIV Infections complications HIV infections Complications Lungs Diseases Lungenkrankheit (DE-588)4036660-1 gnd HIV-Infektion (DE-588)4203852-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Complicaties HIV Infections à VIH - complications Longziekten Maladies pulmonaires HIV Infections complications HIV infections Complications Lungs Diseases Lungenkrankheit HIV-Infektion Aufsatzsammlung |
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