Champions of charity: war and the rise of the Red Cross
In Champions of Charity, John Hutchinson argues that while they set out with a vision to make war more humane, the world's Red Cross organizations soon became enthusiastic promoters of militarism and sacrifice in time of war. In World War I, national Red Cross societies became enthusiastic wart...
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Boulder
Westview Press
1996
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | In Champions of Charity, John Hutchinson argues that while they set out with a vision to make war more humane, the world's Red Cross organizations soon became enthusiastic promoters of militarism and sacrifice in time of war. In World War I, national Red Cross societies became enthusiastic wartime propagandists. This was true in every combatant nation, and it is a transformation well portrayed by the fascinating selection of art in this book. Soon Red Cross personnel were even sporting military-style uniforms, and in the United States, the Red Cross became so identified with the war effort that an American citizen was convicted of treason for criticizing the Red Cross in time of war! The Red Cross played an especially important role in encouraging the mass involvement of women in the "home front" for the first time. It did this through magazines, postcards, posters, bandage-rolling parties, and speeches that blended romantic images of humanitarianism and war into a unique brand of maternal militarism. A true pioneer in mass propaganda, the Red Cross taught millions that preparation for war was not just a patriotic duty but a normal and desirable social activity. The Red Cross societies had proven their usefulness in mobilizing civilians in wartime, and most of their functions were taken over by government agencies by the time of World War II. Gradually the Red Cross became better known for its work in public health, disaster relief, and lifesaving classes. But the legacy of a darker past still lingers: the red cross on a white background found on army ambulances, or the unsubtle subtext of sacrifice and heroism in Red Cross television advertising |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 448, [20] S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0813325269 0813331161 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a In Champions of Charity, John Hutchinson argues that while they set out with a vision to make war more humane, the world's Red Cross organizations soon became enthusiastic promoters of militarism and sacrifice in time of war. In World War I, national Red Cross societies became enthusiastic wartime propagandists. This was true in every combatant nation, and it is a transformation well portrayed by the fascinating selection of art in this book. Soon Red Cross personnel were even sporting military-style uniforms, and in the United States, the Red Cross became so identified with the war effort that an American citizen was convicted of treason for criticizing the Red Cross in time of war! | |
| 520 | |a The Red Cross played an especially important role in encouraging the mass involvement of women in the "home front" for the first time. It did this through magazines, postcards, posters, bandage-rolling parties, and speeches that blended romantic images of humanitarianism and war into a unique brand of maternal militarism. A true pioneer in mass propaganda, the Red Cross taught millions that preparation for war was not just a patriotic duty but a normal and desirable social activity. The Red Cross societies had proven their usefulness in mobilizing civilians in wartime, and most of their functions were taken over by government agencies by the time of World War II. Gradually the Red Cross became better known for its work in public health, disaster relief, and lifesaving classes. But the legacy of a darker past still lingers: the red cross on a white background found on army ambulances, or the unsubtle subtext of sacrifice and heroism in Red Cross television advertising | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
List of Acronyms xvii
Credits for Illustrations xix
Introduction: The Sacred Cow and the Skeptical Historian 1
Pad One The Civilizing Mission
1 A Happy Coincidence 11
Dunant and Solferino 12
Moynier and Genevan Philanthropy 20
The Altered Circumstances of Our Times 24
The Geneva Conference, 1863 31
Preparations for the Congress 31
The International Congress, 1864 45
Over the Threshold 52
2 The Delegates of Humanity 57
Appia and the War of 1864 59
War and Charity 66
The Austro Prussian War of 1866 11
Exit Dunant 11
The Paris Conference of 1861 19
Two Steps Forward 84
One Step Back 89
The Prussian Example 92
Parf Two The Nilitarizafion of Charity
3 Trial by Combat 105
Moynier and the New Law of War 105
1810: French Disarray 109
1810: German Efficiency 111
1810: Wondrous Feats of Charity 123
Lessons from the War 126
vii
viii / Contents
A Grave and Delicate Matter 128
In Defense of Charity 133
Cross and Crescent 138
A Civil Society for Military Medicine? 147
4 Humanity and Patriotism 150
The View from Geneva 150
The Russians Repulsed 151
Ingenuity and Involvement 165
Recognition and Respectability 175
The Resurrection ofDunant 191
An Official Organization for the Purpose of War 194
5 Organizing for War 202
The Eastern Approach 203
Lessons of Manchuria 211
A Late Bloomer 224
Fighting to Do Good 236
Red Cross Patriotism 256
Part Three The Pains of Rebirth
6 Victory and Virtue 279
The ICRC and the War 280
Davison s Dream 285
Seizing the Golden Moment 293
False Start 307
The New Crusade 314
7 New Wine and Old Bottles 320
Immense Labors Are Before Us 321
Sparring Partners 331
Conclusion: Champions of Charity 346
Notes 357
Selected Bibliography 407
About the Book and Author 426
Index 427
Illustrations
1.1 Henry Dunant, author of A Memory ofSolferino 13
1.2 Genevan philanthropist Gustave Moynier 13
1.3 Dufour the conciliator 22
1.4 Louis Appia, surgeon 29
1.5 Dr. Theodore Maunoir 29
1.6 Dr. Jean Charles Chenu 42
2.1 The first red cross armband 59
2.2 Count Othon von Stolberg Wernigorode 61
2.3 Appia s drawing of a Prussian field ambulance, 1864 63
2.4 Friedrich Loeffler, architect of the Prussian Red Cross 95
3.1 The first SSBM ambulance leaves for the front 111
3.2 The outdoor annex of the Press Ambulance, 1870 113
3.3 An improvised ambulance depot at the Porte d ltalie 113
3.4 Stretcher bearers of the Karlsruhe Red Cross, 1870 1871 118
3.5 A first aid training display 119
3.6 The Women s Patriotic Society packing supplies 120
3.7 A sanitatskorps resting between battles 121
3.8 An improvised field hospital 122
3.9 Horse drawn ambulance, mid 1870s 134
3.10 Abdullah Bey, founder of the Ottoman society 13 9
3.11 Dr. Pechedimaldji of the Imperial Ottoman Medical Society 141
3.12 Wounded soldiers seeking assistance from a Russian
ambulance during the Russo Turkish War 145
3.13 An Ottoman field medical unit flying the Red Crescent flag
during the Russo Turkish War 146
4.1 Members of the ICRC in the 1880s 15 3
4.2 Feodor Oom, chief Russian delegate to the 1884
conference in Geneva 158
4.3 The Marquis de Vogue, president of the French Society for
Assistance to Wounded Soldiers 163
4.4 The mobile electric searchlight demonstrated by
Baron Mundy 167
4.5 Surgeon General Sir Thomas Longmore 172
4.6 Count Csekonics, head of the Hungarian Red Cross 174
4.7 The German Red Cross holding field exercises 178
ix
x / Illustrations
4.8 The Austrian Red Cross on maneuvers with the
Hapsburg army 180
4.9 The German Red Cross and the struggle against tuberculosis 181
4.10 An educational workshop for women at a sanatorium run
by the German Red Cross 182
4.11 Representatives of the British society distributing supplies
during the Franco Prussian War 184
4.12 Mr. Stewart, the British society s storekeeper at Saarbriicken 184
4.13 Members of the British society s London branch on duty
at White City Stadium in 1912 185
4.14 Uniform worn by British Red Cross personnel on active
service during World War I 185
4.15 Clara Barton, president of the American Red Cross,
photographed in St. Petersburg in 1902 188
4.16 Members of the ICRC in 1906 200
5.1 Count Sano, founder of the Hakuaisha (benevolent society),
which became the Japanese Red Cross Society 205
5.2 Nagao Ariga among the conquerors of Port Arthur 210
5.3 Transport of the wounded by Chinese boat 212
5.4 Transport of the wounded by coolie and hand truck 212
5.5 Misses St. Aubyn and McCaul visiting a Japanese Red Cross
hospital 217
5.6 Russian sailors in a Japanese Red Cross hospital 220
5.7 Russian Red Cross nurses leaving St. Petersburg for the war
in the east 221
5.8 Russian ladies sewing for the Red Cross 222
5.9 Russians transporting the wounded on skis 223
5.10 A Russian field ambulance 224
5.11 A Russian ambulance wagon in Manchuria 225
5.12 Uncle Sam alerted to the relative weakness of the
American Red Cross 232
5.13 Lord Methuen, wounded during the war in the Transvaal 244
5.14 The opening session of the international Red Cross
conference held in London, 1907 249
5.15 Sir John Furley, founder of the St. John Ambulance Brigade 254
5.16 Women on the battlefield: following the armed bands 260
5.17 Women on the battlefield: the chatelaine caring for her
wounded knight 261
5.18 Women on the battlefield: the regimental canteen woman 261
5.19 Women on the battlefield: actresses caring for the wounded
in 1870 in the theaters of Paris 262
5.20 Women on the battlefield: the Sisters of Charity 262
5.21 Women on the battlefield: the ladies of the Red Cross 263
Illustrations I xi
5.22 Virginia Seldon and Andrew Mellon: the rich and famous
rally round in wartime 269
5.23 Mrs. Harriman on parade 270
5.24 A colored Red Cross unit in North Carolina 271
5.25 Loyalty To One Means Loyalty To Both 272
6.1 The Red Cross family tree 281
6.2 President Wilson and the war council of the American
National Red Cross 287
6.3 The Cannes conference, April 1919 300
7.1 The visiting nurse 322
7.2 Greek members of the Junior Red Cross learning about
vaccination technique 323
Pictorial Essay following page 276
1 Joan of Arc, patroness of Red Cross nurses
2 Le Brassard, French postcard from World War I
3 An auxiliary hospital of the French Red Cross
4 Blood and sacrifice: nursing for la patrie
5 Chien sanitaire etpatriote!
6 Queen Mother of a Mighty Nation
7 The Children s Part
8 Surgical Dressings for War Relief
9 Not One Shall Be Left Behind!
10 If you fail, he dies.
11 The Greatest Mother in the World
12 The living Red Cross in Buffalo, New York
13 An American Red Cross canteen in Bordeaux, France
14 The Spirit of America
15 Where Columbia Sets Her Name ...
16 I Summon You to Comradeship in the Red Cross
17 July 1909: Protector in war and peace
18 March 1916: Neutrality and humanity
19 April 1918: Uncle Sam leads the Junior Red Cross
20 September 1918: The Red Cross as protecting angel
21 October 1918: Heroes in the air and on the ground
22 November 1918: Do what the Statue of Liberty expects
23 January 1919: Battle scarred but victorious
24 March 1919: The triumphant Allies
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| spelling | Hutchinson, John F. Verfasser aut Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross John F. Hutchinson Boulder Westview Press 1996 XXII, 448, [20] S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In Champions of Charity, John Hutchinson argues that while they set out with a vision to make war more humane, the world's Red Cross organizations soon became enthusiastic promoters of militarism and sacrifice in time of war. In World War I, national Red Cross societies became enthusiastic wartime propagandists. This was true in every combatant nation, and it is a transformation well portrayed by the fascinating selection of art in this book. Soon Red Cross personnel were even sporting military-style uniforms, and in the United States, the Red Cross became so identified with the war effort that an American citizen was convicted of treason for criticizing the Red Cross in time of war! The Red Cross played an especially important role in encouraging the mass involvement of women in the "home front" for the first time. It did this through magazines, postcards, posters, bandage-rolling parties, and speeches that blended romantic images of humanitarianism and war into a unique brand of maternal militarism. A true pioneer in mass propaganda, the Red Cross taught millions that preparation for war was not just a patriotic duty but a normal and desirable social activity. The Red Cross societies had proven their usefulness in mobilizing civilians in wartime, and most of their functions were taken over by government agencies by the time of World War II. Gradually the Red Cross became better known for its work in public health, disaster relief, and lifesaving classes. But the legacy of a darker past still lingers: the red cross on a white background found on army ambulances, or the unsubtle subtext of sacrifice and heroism in Red Cross television advertising Croix-Rouge - Histoire International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Geschichte 1870-1920 gnd rswk-swf Guerre - Secours aux malades et blessés - Histoire Oorlogen gtt Rode Kruis gtt Geschichte Red Cross and Red Crescent History Voluntary Health Agencies history War War Relief of sick and wounded History Wounds and Injuries Rotes Kreuz (DE-588)4134685-3 gnd rswk-swf Rotes Kreuz (DE-588)4134685-3 s Geschichte 1870-1920 z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007383524&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hutchinson, John F. Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross Croix-Rouge - Histoire International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Guerre - Secours aux malades et blessés - Histoire Oorlogen gtt Rode Kruis gtt Geschichte Red Cross and Red Crescent History Voluntary Health Agencies history War War Relief of sick and wounded History Wounds and Injuries Rotes Kreuz (DE-588)4134685-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4134685-3 |
| title | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross |
| title_auth | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross |
| title_exact_search | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross |
| title_full | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross John F. Hutchinson |
| title_fullStr | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross John F. Hutchinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Champions of charity war and the rise of the Red Cross John F. Hutchinson |
| title_short | Champions of charity |
| title_sort | champions of charity war and the rise of the red cross |
| title_sub | war and the rise of the Red Cross |
| topic | Croix-Rouge - Histoire International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Guerre - Secours aux malades et blessés - Histoire Oorlogen gtt Rode Kruis gtt Geschichte Red Cross and Red Crescent History Voluntary Health Agencies history War War Relief of sick and wounded History Wounds and Injuries Rotes Kreuz (DE-588)4134685-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Croix-Rouge - Histoire International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Guerre - Secours aux malades et blessés - Histoire Oorlogen Rode Kruis Geschichte Red Cross and Red Crescent History Voluntary Health Agencies history War War Relief of sick and wounded History Wounds and Injuries Rotes Kreuz |
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