Waste management: with 126 tables
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | German |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1996
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 661 - 690. - Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Bilitewski, Bernd: Abfallwirtschaft |
| Physical Description: | XV, 699 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540592105 |
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| 020 | |a 3540592105 |c Pp. : DM 168.00 |9 3-540-59210-5 | ||
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| 084 | |a UMW 500f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bilitewski, Bernd |d 1946- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)136391265 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Waste management |b with 126 tables |c Bernd Bilitewski ; Georg Härdtle ; Klaus Marek. Transl. and ed. by A. Weissbach and H. Boeddicker |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 699 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 661 - 690. - Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Bilitewski, Bernd: Abfallwirtschaft | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Abfallwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4000107-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Abfallwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4000107-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Härdtle, Georg |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Marek, Klaus |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007324697&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007324697 | |
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| _version_ | 1807505514212360192 |
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
IN
GERMANY
.
1
1.1
HISTORY
OF
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
.
1
1.2
PRINCIPLES
AND
MEASURES
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY
.
7
1.2.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
7
1.2.2
INSTRUMENTS
FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY
.
8
1.3
LEGAL
BASIS
FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS
.
9
1.3.1
BASICS
.
9
1.3.1.1
GERMANY
.
9
1.3.1.2
UNITED
STATES
.
10
1.3.2
THE
GERMAN
WASTE
ACT
(ABFG)
.
10
1.3.2.1
GOALS
.
11
1.3.2.2
DEFINITION
OF
TERMINOLOGY
.
11
1.3.2.3
ORGANIZATION
OF
WASTE
DISPOSAL
.
12
1.3.2.4
PENALTIES
PROVIDED
BY
LAW
.
12
1.3.3
TECHNICAL
GUIDANCE
-
WASTE
.
13
1.3.4
TECHNICAL
GUIDANCE
-
MUNICIPAL
SOLID
WASTE
.
13
1.3.5
REGULATIONS
DERIVED
FROM
THE
WASTE
LAW
.
14
1.3.6
PERMITS
FOR
WASTE
TREATMENT
FACILITIES
.
15
1.3.7
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPATIBILITY
TEST
.
16
1.3.8
RECYCLING
AND
WASTE
ACT
.
16
1.3.9
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIABILITY
AND
IN-HOUSE
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
.
18
1.3.9.1
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIABILITY
ACT
.
18
1.3.9.2
EU
ECO-AUDIT
DIRECTIVE
.
19
2
WASTE
.
21
2.1
DEFINITION
OF
WASTE
.
21
2.2
WASTE
QUANTITY
GENERATION
AND
COMPOSITION
.
22
2.2.1
HOUSEHOLD
WASTE,
BULKY
WASTE,
AND
HOUSEHOLD-LIKE
COMMERCIAL
WASTE
IN
GERMANY
.
22
2.2.2
COMMERCIAL
AND
MANUFACTURING
WASTES
.
28
2.2.3
PACKAGING
WASTES
.
32
2.2.4
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
.
34
2.2.5
SCRAP
AUTOMOBILES
AND
TIRES
.
39
2.2.6
SCRAP
ELECTRONICS
.
40
VI
CONTENTS
2.2.7
SEWAGE
SLUDGE
.
42
2.2.8
CONSTRUCTION
AND
DEMOLITION
(C&D)
WASTE
.
43
2.2.8.1
GENERATION
OF
C&D
WASTE
.
47
2.3
FACTORS
DETERMINING
THE
COMPOSITION
OF
HOUSEHOLD,
BULKY,
AND
COMMERCIAL
WASTE
.
51
2.3.1
IMPACT
OF
CONTAINER
SIZE
ON
WASTE
.
52
2.3.2
WASTE
COMPOSITION
.
56
2.3.3
WASTE
QUANTITY
FLUCTUATION
.
59
2.3.4
FLUCTUATIONS
IN
DENSITY
AND
MOISTURE
CONTENT
.
61
2.3.5
WASTE
PARTICLE
SIZE
DISTRIBUTION
.
62
3
COLLECTION,
TRANSFER,
AND
TRANSPORTATION
OF
WASTES
AND
RECYCLABLES
.
63
3.1
IMPLEMENTATION,
SYSTEMS,
AND
ORGANIZATION
.
63
3.1.1
COLLECTION
SYSTEMS
.
64
3.1.1.1
COLLECTION
METHODS
.
64
3.1.1.1.1
SIMPLE
EMPTYING
METHOD
.
65
3.1.1.1.2
EXCHANGE
METHOD
.
65
3.1.1.1.3
ONE-WAY
METHOD
.
65
3.1.1.1.4
NONSYSTEMATIC
COLLECTION
.
66
3.1.1.1.5
SPECIAL
COLLECTION
SYSTEMS
.
66
3.1.1.2
CONTAINER
SYSTEMS
.
67
3.1.1.2.1
GARBAGE
CANS
AND
TRASH
BARRELS
.
67
3.1.1.2.2
LARGE-SIZED
CONTAINERS
.
67
3.1.2
TRANSFER
.
70
3.1.2.1
DELIVERY
.
71
3.1.2.2
PREPARATION
.
71
3.1.2.3
LOADING
AND
UNLOADING
.
74
3.1.2.4
PLANNING
AND
SETUP
OF
TRANSFER
STATIONS
.
75
3.1.3
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
.
77
3.1.3.1
ROAD
TRANSPORTATION
.
79
3.1.3.1.1
OVERHEAD
LOADING
.
79
3.1.3.1.2
COMPACTORS
.
81
3.1.3.1.3
EXTENDED
TRANSPORTATION
VEHICLES
.
82
3.1.3.2
WASTE
TRANSPORT
BY
RAIL
.
85
3.1.3.3
WASTE
TRANSPORT
BY
SHIP
.
86
3.2
SOLID
WASTE
AND
RECYCLABLES
.
87
3.2.1
RECYCLING
SYSTEMS
.
87
3.2.1.1
THE
GERMAN
DUAL
SYSTEM
.
87
3.2.1.2
RECYCLING
IN
THE
UNITED
KINGDOM
.
89
3.2.1.3
RECYCLING
IN
ITALY
.
89
3.2.1.4
RECYCLING
IN
BRAZIL
.
90
3.2.1.5
RECYCLING
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
.
91
3.2.2
ORGANIZATION
OF
HOUSEHOLD
AND
BULKY
WASTE
COLLECTION
.
95
3.2.3
RECOVERY
OF
RECYCLABLES
FROM
HOUSEHOLD
WASTE
.
96
3.2.3.1
RECYCLABLES
RECOVERY
FROM
MIXED
WASTE
.
97
CONTENTS
VII
3.2.3.2
SEPARATE
COLLECTION
OF
RECYCLABLES
FROM
HOUSEHOLD
WASTE
.
97
3.2.3.2.1
DROP-OFF
SYSTEMS
.
102
3.2.3.2.2
PICK-UP
SYSTEMS
(CURBSIDE)
.
105
3.2.3.2.3
PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION
.
109
3.3
LIQUID
WASTE
AND
SLUDGES
.
ILL
3.3.1
TRUCK
TRANSPORTATION
.
ILL
3.3.2
FILLING
AND
DRAINING
.
ILL
3.3.3
CONTAINER
SYSTEMS
.
113
3.4
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
.
113
3.4.1
RULES
AND
REQUIREMENTS
.
113
3.4.2
CONTAINER
SYSTEMS
.
119
3.4.2.1
CONTAINERS
FOR
SOLID
AND
PASTY
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
.
120
3.4.2.2
CONTAINERS
FOR
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
LIQUIDS
AND
SLUDGES
.
120
3.4.3
TREATMENT
FACILITIES
AND
INTERMEDIATE
STORAGE
.
121
3.4.4
HOUSEHOLD
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
.
123
4
WASTE
TREATMENT
.
127
4.1
INCINERATORS
FOR
MSW
AND
COMMERCIAL
WASTE
.
128
4.1.1
DESIGN
OF
A
CONVENTIONAL
MSW
INCINERATOR
.
129
4.1.2
WASTE
RECEIVING
.
129
4.1.3
STORAGE,
PREPROCESSING
AND
CHARGING
.
130
4.1.4
COMBUSTION
PROCESS
OF
GRATE
FIRING
.
133
4.1.4.1
GRATE
FIRING
SYSTEMS
.
135
4.1.4.2
FLUIDIZED-BED
INCINERATORS
.
139
4.1.4.3
INCINERATORS
WITH
INTEGRATED
SLAG
AND
PARTICULATE
VITRIFICATION
.
140
4.1.5
INCINERATOR
SLAG
REMOVAL
.
144
4.1.6
BOILER
AND
WASTE
HEAT
RECOVERY
.
146
4.1.6.1
DESIGN
CRITERIA
.
146
4.1.6.2
TYPES
OF
BOILERS
.
146
4.1.6.3
EROSION
AND
CORROSION
IN
THE
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
.
150
4.1.6.4
WASTE
HEAT
RECOVERY
.
150
4.1.7
EMISSION
CONTROL:
FLUE
GAS
SCRUBBING
.
152
4.1.7.1
FLUE
GAS
QUANTITY
AND
COMPOSITION
.
152
4.1.7.2
COLLECTION
OF
PARTICULATES
.
152
4.1.7.3
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
PRINCIPLES
FOR
THE
REMOVAL
OF
GASEOUS
POLLUTANTS
.
154
4.1.7.4
REMOVAL
OF
ACIDIC
POLLUTANTS
.
155
4.1.7.5
DENTRIFICATION
.
158
4.1.7.6
DIOXINS
AND
FURANS
.
159
4.1.7.7
TREATMENT
OF
SLAG,
ASHES,
AND
INCINERATION
RESIDUES
.
161
4.1.8
CONTROL
AND
MONITORING
.
166
4.2
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
INCINERATORS
.
168
VIII
CONTENTS
4.2.1
STORAGE,
PRETREATMENT,
AND
CHARGING
.
168
4.2.2
INCINERATOR
FURNACES
.
169
4.3
INCINERATION
OF
OTHER
WASTE
.
173
4.3.1
INCINERATION
OF
SEWAGE
SLUDGE
.
173
4.3.2
INCINERATION
OF
STRAW
AND
WOOD
.
175
4.3.2.1
STRAW
.
175
4.3.2.2
WOOD
.
177
4.4
PYROLYZATION
AND
GASIFICATION
OF
WASTE
.
179
4.4.1
PYROLYSIS
.
180
4.4.1.1
INPUT
MATERIALS
AND
PYROLYSIS
PRODUCTS
.
181
4.4.1.2
MARKETABILITY
OF
PYROLYSIS
PRODUCTS
.
181
4.4.2
GASIFICATION
.
182
4.4.2.1
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
WASTE
GASIFICATION
.
182
4.4.2.2
INPUT
MATERIALS
AND
GASIFICATION
PRODUCTS
.
183
4.4.2.3
MARKETABILITY
OF
PRODUCTS
.
183
4.4.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
.
.
183
4.4.3.1
PYROLYSIS
GAS
.
184
4.4.3.2
PYROLYSIS
WASTEWATER
.
185
4.4.3.3
SOLID
RESIDUES
.
186
4.4.3.4
ORGANIC
CONTAMINANTS
.
186
4.5
HYDROGENATION
AND
HYDROLYSIS
.
186
4.6
DRYING
METHODS
.
189
4.6.1
SEWAGE
SLUDGE
DRYING
PROCESSES
.
191
4.6.1.1
CONTACT
DRYERS
.
193
4.6.1.2
CONVECTION
DRYERS
.
196
4.6.1.3
EXAMPLES
OF
SLUDGE
DRYING
PROCESSES
.
200
4.6.2
OTHER
DRYING
METHODS
.
202
4.7
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
METHODS
.
202
4.7.1
COMPOSTING
METHODS
.
203
4.7.1.1
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
COMPOSTING
.
203
4.7.1.1.1
MATERIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
.
203
4.7.1.1.2
PROCESS
REQUIREMENTS
.
205
4.7.1.1.3
BIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS,
ENERGY
CONVERSION
DURING
DEGRADATION
.
206
4.7.1.1.4
EMISSIONS
.
208
4.7.1.2
GRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION
OF
A
BIOWASTE
COMPOSTING
FACILITY
.
209
4.7.1.2.1
WASTE
RECEIVING,
STORAGE,
PROPORTIONING
210
4.7.1.2.2
BIOWASTE
PROCESSING
.
212
4.7.1.2.3
COMPOSTING
TECHNIQUES
.
214
4.7.1.2.4
POST-TREATMENT
AND
PACKAGING
.
220
4.7.1.3
BIODEGRADATION
OF
MSW
.
222
4.7.1.3.1
BIOWASTE
COMPOSTING
.
223
4.7.1.3.2
SEWAGE
SLUDGE
COMPOSTING
.
224
4.7.1.3.3
DEGRADATION/COMPOSTING
OF
RESIDUAL
WASTE
.
226
4.7.1.4
MARKETING
OF
THE
FINISHED
PRODUCT
.
227
CONTENTS
IX
4.7.1.4.1
COMPOST
QUALITY
.
227
4.7.1.4.2
MARKETING
OPPORTUNITIES
AND
APPLICATION
OF
COMPOST
.
231
4.7.2
ANAEROBIC
PROCESSES
.
232
4.7.2.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
ANAEROBIC
FERMENTATION
.
233
4.7.2.1.1
BIOCHEMICAL
REACTIONS
.
233
4.7.2.1.2
SUBSTRATE
REQUIREMENTS
.
234
4.7.2.1.3
PROCESS
PARAMETERS
.
235
4.7.2.2
VARIATIONS
OF
THE
PROCESS
.
236
4.7.2.2.1
DRY
FERMENTATION
PROCESSES
.
236
4.7.2.2.2
SINGLE-STAGE
WET
FERMENTATION
.
238
4.7.2.2.3
TWO-STAGE
"WET
FERMENTATION
.
239
4.7.2.3
END-PRODUCTS
.
241
4.7.2.3.1
BIOGAS
.
241
4.7.2.3.2
COMPOST
.
244
4.7.2.4
EMISSIONS
.
245
4.7.2.4.1
AIR
POLLUTION
.
245
4.7.2.4.2
WATER
POLLUTION
.
245
4.8
CHEMICAL
AND
PHYSICAL
TREATMENT
PROCESSES
.
245
4.8.1
EMULSION
SEPARATION
.
245
4.8.1.1
TREATMENT
OF
EMULSIONS
WITH
CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL
PROCESSES
.
247
4.8.1.2
THERMAL
TREATMENT
OF
EMULSIONS
.
247
4.8.2
DISTILLATION
AND
EVAPORATION
.
249
4.8.3
NEUTRALIZATION
.
250
4.8.3.1
NEUTRALIZATION
OF
ACIDIC
AND
CAUSTIC
WASTEWATER
AND
SLUDGES
.
250
4.8.3.2
NEUTRALIZATION
TREATMENT
PROCESSES
.
251
4.8.4
DETOXIFICATION
.
252
4.8.4.1
CHROMATE
(CHROMIUM
+6
)
DETOXIFICATION
.
252
4.8.4.2
CYANIDE
DETOXIFICATION
.
253
4.8.4.3
NITRITE
DETOXIFICATION
.
255
4.8.5
RESOURCE
RECOVERY
.
255
4.8.6
EXAMPLE
OF
A
CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL
TREATMENT
FACILITY
.
257
5
WASTE
DISPOSAL
.
259
5.1
SANITARY
LANDFILL
.
260
5.1.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
LANDFILLS
.
261
5.1.1.1
TYPES
OF
LANDFILLS
.
261
5.1.1.2
TYPES
OF
OPERATION
.
264
5.1.2
LANDFILL
SITING
.
266
5.1.2.1
RULES
AND
GUIDELINES
.
266
5.1.2.2
SITE
REQUIREMENTS
.
267
5.1.3
LANDFILL
EQUIPMENT,
CONSTRUCTION,
AND
OPERATION
.
270
5.1.3.1
LANDFILL
LINERS
.
273
5.1.3.1.1
COMPOSITE
LINERS
(CLASS
II
LANDFILL)
.
.
274
5.1.3.1.2
CLAY
LINERS
(CLASS
I
LANDFILLS)
.
274
X
CONTENTS
5.1.3.1.3
SOIL
CAP/FINAL
COVER
.
275
5.1.3.1.4
LIMITATIONS
OF
SYNTHETIC
AND
CLAY
LINERS
279
5.1.3.2
LEACHATE
COLLECTION
AND
TREATMENT
.
283
5.1.3.2.1
LEACHATE
BALANCE
AND
QUALITY
.
283
5.1.3.2.2
LEACHATE
COLLECTION
AND
TREATMENT
SYSTEMS
.
289
5.1.3.2.3
LEACHATE
TREATMENT
METHODS
.
292
5.1.3.3
LANDFILL
GAS
CONTROL
.
299
5.1.3.3.1
GAS
BALANCE
.
300
5.1.3.3.2
DESIGN
AND
CONSTRUCTION
OF
LANDFILL
GAS
COLLECTION
SYSTEMS
.
302
5.1.3.3.3
LANDFILL
GAS
SCRUBBING
AND
TREATMENT
.
.
304
5.1.3.3.4
METHODS
OF
LANDFILL
GAS
RECOVERY
.
311
5.1.3.3.5
FLARING
OF
LANDFILL
GAS
.
312
5.1.3.4
LANDFILL
OPERATION
.
314
5.1.3.4.1
LANDFILL
EMISSIONS
.
315
5.1.3.4.2
HEALTH
HAZARDS
.
318
5.1.3.5
CAPPING
AND
RECLAMATION
OF
LANDFILLS
.
319
5.L3.5.1
CAPPING
METHODS
.
319
5.1.3.5.2
ULTIMATE
USES
OF
RECLAIMED
LANDFILLS
.
.
.
321
5.1.4
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
LANDFILLS
.
322
5.1.4.1
ABOVE-GROUND
LANDFILLS
.
323
5.1.4.1.1
SITE
REQUIREMENTS
.
325
5.1.4.1.2
LANDFILL
BASE
LINERS
.
325
5.1.4.1.3
LANDFILL
COVER
SYSTEMS
.
327
5.1.4.1.4
REACTIONS
OF
LANDFILL
WASTE
COMPONENTS
328
5.1.4.1.5
REQUIREMENTS
ON
WASTE
CHARACTERISTICS
.
330
5.1.4.1.6
LANDFILL
MANAGEMENT
REQUIREMENTS
.
330
5.1.4.2
UNDERGROUND
DISPOSAL
FACILITIES
IN
MINED
EVAPORITE
(HALITE)
DEPOSITS
OR
SALT
DOMES
.
332
5.1.4.2.1
SITE
REQUIREMENTS
.
336
5.1.4.2.2
CHARACTERISTIC
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE
WASTE
TO
BE
DISPOSED
OF
.
337
5.1.4.2.3
MANAGEMENT
REQUIREMENTS
.
338
6
WASTE
RECYCLING
.
339
6.1
PROCESSING
FUNDAMENTALS
.
339
6.1.1
SIZE
REDUCTION
.
342
6.1.1.1
HAMMER
MILLS
.
342
6.1.1.2
IMPACT
CRUSHERS
.
344
6.1.1.3
CHIPPERS
.
346
6.1.1.4
CASCADE
MILLS
.
347
6.1.1.5
RASP
MILLS
.
348
6.1.1.6
JAW
CRUSHER
.
349
6.1.2
CLASSIFICATION
.
349
6.1.2.1
SCREENS
.
351
6.1.2.2
AIR
CLASSIFIERS
.
355
CONTENTS
XI
6.1.3
SEPARATION
(SORTING)
.
358
6.1.3.1
MAGNETIC
SEPARATION
.
358
6.1.3.2
EDDY
CURRENT
SEPARATORS
.
359
6.1.3.3
OPTICAL
SORTING
.
360
6.1.3.4
FLOTATION
.
361
6.1.3.5
DENSITY
SORTING
.
363
6.1.3.6
MANUAL
SORTING
.
365
6.1.4
COMPACTION
.
367
6.1.4.1
BALE
PRESSES
.
369
6.1.4.2
OTHER
COMPACTION
METHODS
.
369
6.2
PROCESSING
METHODS
.
372
6.2.1
METHODS
FOR
RECOVERY
AND
USE
OF
SECONDARY
RAW
MATERIALS
.
372
6.2.1.1
RECYCLING
HOUSEHOLD
WASTE
.
372
6.2.1.2
RECYCLING
OF
HOUSEHOLD-LIKE
COMMERCIAL
WASTE
.
380
6.2.1.3
RECYCLING
OF
CONSTRUCTION
AND
DEMOLITION
(C&D)
WASTE
.
385
6.2.1.3.1
STATE-OF-THE-ART
TECHNOLOGY
FOR
PROCESSING
AND
RE-UTILIZATION
.
385
6.2.1.3.2
POTENTIAL
USES
AND
LIMITS
OF
RECYCLED
C&D
MATERIALS
.
392
6.2.1.3.3
FACTORS
FOR
INCREASING
RECOVERY
QUOTAS
.
393
6.2.1.3.4
SYSTEMATIC
DECONSTRUCTION
(RUCKBAU)
393
6.2.1.3.5
C&D
RECYCLING
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
.
398
6.2.1.4
RECYCLING
SCRAP
AUTOMOBILES
.
399
6.2.1.5
RECYCLING
SCRAP
TIRES
.
407
6.2.1.5.1
RETREADING
.
408
6.2.1.5.2
TIRE
SHREDDING
METHODS
.
409
6.2.1.5.3
THERMAL
RECOVERY
OF
SCRAP
TIRES
.
411
6.2.1.5.4
SCRAP
TIRE
RECOVERY
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
.
413
6.2.1.6
RECYCLING
OF
SCRAP
ELECTRONICS
.
415
6.2.1.7
RECYCLING
OF
COOLING
AND
REFRIGERATION
UNITS
.
.
.
426
6.2.1.7.1
THE
PROBLEM
WITH
CFCS
.
426
6.2.1.7.2
RECYCLING
BASICS
.
426
6.2.1.7.3
RECYCLING
METHODS
.
429
6.2.1.7.4
CFC
PROCESSING
.
430
6.2.1.8
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
RECYCLING
.
431
6.2.2
PROCEDURES
FOR
RECOVERY
OF
FUEL
.
445
6.2.2.1
REFUSE
DERIVED
FUEL
(RDF)
.
445
6.2.2.2
CARBO-SED
PROCESS
.
452
6.2.2.3
WOOD
CHIPS
.
453
6.2.2.4
PAPER
AS
FUEL
(PAPER
DERIVED
FUEL
-
PDF)
.
455
6.3
MARKETING
RECYCLED
PRODUCTS
.
455
6.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
455
6.3.1.1
MARKET
ANALYSIS
.
456
6.3.1.2
SALE
OF
PRODUCTS
AND
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS
.
456
6.3.1.3
PRODUCT
MARKETING
.
457
XII
CONTENTS
6.3.2
PAPER
AND
PAPERBOARD
.
458
6.3.2.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
459
6.3.2.2
EARNINGS
.
462
6.3.3
GLASS
.
464
6.3.3.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
465
6.3.3.2
EARNINGS
.
466
6.3.4
SCRAP
METAL
.
466
6.3.4.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
467
6.3.4.2
EARNINGS
.
468
6.3.5
PLASTICS
.
470
6.3.5.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
470
6.3.5.2
EARNINGS
.
471
6.3.6
COMPOST
.
472
6.3.6.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
472
6.3.6.2
EARNINGS
.
475
6.3.7
SECONDARY
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
.
476
6.3.7.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
477
6.3.7.2
EARNINGS
.
483
6.3.8
ASPHALT
.
483
6.3.8.1
QUALITY
STANDARDS
.
483
6.3.8.2
EARNINGS
.
485
7
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
.
487
7.1
BASIC
REQUIREMENTS
OF
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
.
487
7.1.1
DEFINITION
.
487
7.1.2
INFLUENCE
OF
VARIOUS
ACTORS
ON
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
.
487
7.1.2.1
METHODS
USED
BY
INDIRECT
ACTORS
.
491
7.1.2.1.1
LAWS
AND
PROHIBITIONS/BANS
.
491
7.1.2.1.2
ECONOMIC
POLICIES
.
494
7.1.2.1.3
PUBLIC
RELATIONS
(PR)
.
495
7.1.2.2
METHODS
USED
BY
DIRECT
ACTORS
.
496
7.1.2.2.1
PRODUCT
MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY
.
496
7.1.2.2.2
RETAIL
.
497
7.1.2.2.3
HOUSEHOLDS
AND
SERVICE
INDUSTRIES
.
498
7.2
AVOIDING
HOUSEHOLD
WASTE
.
499
7.2.1
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
OPTIONS
IN
THE
HOME
.
499
7.2.2
PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCES
WITH
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
.
500
7.2.2.1
PILOT
STUDY
ON
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
-
BERLIN
.
501
7.2.2.2
PILOT
STUDY
ON
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
-
HAMBURG-HARBURG
.
503
7.2.2.3
APPLICABILITY
OF
THE
PILOT
STUDIES
AND
ESTIMATION
OF
ATTAINABLE
AVOIDANCE
RATES
.
505
7.2.2.4
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
AT
BIG
EVENTS,
EXAMPLE:
"
GREEN
WEEK
"
.
506
7.2.2.5
ENERGY
SAVING
BY
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
.
508
7.2.2.6
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
AS
A
SHOPPING
CRITERIA
AND
THE
RESULTANT
ECONOMIC
IMPACT
.
509
CONTENTS
XIII
7.3
AVOIDANCE
OF
PRODUCTION
WASTE
.
510
7.3.1
INSTRUMENTS
FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
.
510
7.3.1.1
GERMANY
.
510
7.3.1.2
UNITED
STATES
.
511
7.3.2
TECHNOLOGICAL
POSSIBILITIES
.
513
7.3.2.1
LOW-WASTE
PROCESSES
(PROCESS
OPTIMIZING)
.
517
7.3.2.1.1
AVOIDANCE
PROCEDURES
IN
THE
CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
.
517
7.3.2.1.2
LOW-WASTE
CHLORALKALI-ELECTROLYSIS
PROCESSING
.
526
7.3.2.1.3
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
DURING
PRODUCTION
OF
PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
.
529
7.3.2.1.4
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
IN
METALS
INDUSTRY
.
.
.
532
7.3.2.1.5
WASTE
AVOIDANCE
DURING
METALS
PROCESSING
AND
PLATING
.
.
535
7.3.2.1.6
AVOIDANCE
AND
RECYCLING
OF
PAINTING
AND
COATING
WASTES
.
546
7.3.2.2
IN-PLANT
RECYCLING
OF
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
.
553
7.3.3
STUDIES
OF
INDUSTRIAL
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
MINIMIZATION
.
.
.
562
7.3.3.1
STUDY
OBJECTIVES
.
563
7.3.3.2
RESULTS
.
564
7.3.3.2.1
HISTORY
OF
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
GENERATION
564
7.3.3.2.2
THEORETICAL
POSSIBILITIES
FOR
INDUSTRIAL
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
MINIMIZATION
.
567
7.3.4
INDUSTRIAL
METHODS
OF
RESIDUAL
WASTE
STREAM
MINIMIZATION
.
571
7.3.4.1
PREVIOUS
STATUS
OF
RESIDUAL
WASTE
STREAMS
.
572
7.3.4.2
POTENTIAL
WASTE
MINIMIZATION
OPTIONS
.
574
7.3.4.3
USING
THE
WASTE
MINIMIZATION
POTENTIAL
.
576
8
ABANDONED
CONTAMINATION
SITES
.
579
8.1
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
.
579
8.1.1
GERMANY
.
579
8.1.2
UNITED
STATES
.
580
8.1.2.1
THE
FEDERAL
SUPERFUND
PROGRAM
.
580
8.1.3
WISCONSIN
REMEDIATION
AND
REDEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
.
581
8.2
SCOPE
AND
ASSESSMENT
OF
THREAT
FROM
ABANDONED
CONTAMINATION
SITES
.
583
8.2.1
SCOPE
OF
POTENTIAL
SITES
.
583
8.2.1.1
GERMANY
.
583
8.2.1.2
UNITED
STATES
.
584
8.2.1.3
WISCONSIN
.
584
8.2.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
AT
ABANDONED
CONTAMINATION
SITES
.
586
8.3
LISTING,
ASSESSMENT,
AND
EVALUATION
.
586
8.3.1
LISTING
.
586
8.3.1.1
GERMANY
.
586
XIV
CONTENTS
8.3.1.2
USA
-
HAZARD
RANKING
SYSTEM
(HRS)
.
587
8.3.1.3
WISCONSIN
-
SCREENING
AND
HAZARD
RANKING
.
587
8.3.2
ASSESSMENT
.
589
8.3.2.1
EVALUATION
OF
HISTORICAL
RECORDS
.
589
8.3.2.2
MAP
AND
AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPH
INTERPRETATION
.
589
8.3.2.3
ASSESSMENT
VIA
BIO-INDICATORS
.
590
8.3.2.4
GEOPHYSICAL
SURVEY
METHODS
.
591
8.3.2.5
GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATIONS
.
595
8.3.2.6
SOIL
VAPOR
SURVEY
.
603
8.3.3
HAZARD
ESTIMATION
AND
RISK
ASSESSMENT
.
604
8.3.3.1
ESTABLISHING
BACKGROUND
(CONCENTRATIONS)
LIMITS
604
8.3.3.2
HAZARD
EVALUATION
.
605
8.4
REMEDIATION
TECHNOLOGIES
.
605
8.4.1
BIOREMEDIATION
.
606
8.4.1.1
ON-SITE
METHODS
.
606
8.4.1.2
IN-SITU
METHODS
.
608
8.4.2
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL
METHODS
.
609
8.4.3
THERMAL
TREATMENT
.
612
8.4.4
HYDRAULIC
TREATMENT
(PUMP
AND
TREAT)
.
613
8.4.5
SOIL
VAPOR
EXTRACTION
.
616
8.4.6
CONTAINMENT
.
618
8.4.7
STABILIZATION
AND
SOLIDIFICATION
.
621
8.4.8
LAND
TREATMENT
.
621
8.4.9
PHYTOREMEDIATION
.
623
9
COST
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR
WASTE
PROCESSING
FACILITIES
.
625
9.1
EFFICIENCY
COMPARISON
OF
DIFFERENT
DISPOSAL
SYSTEMS
.
625
9.1.1
WASTE
INCINERATORS
.
625
9.1.1.1
CAPITAL
REQUIREMENTS
OF
WASTE
INCINERATORS
.
625
9.1.1.2
OPERATING
COSTS
FOR
WASTE
INCINERATORS
.
626
9.1.2
MATERIAL
RECOVERY
FACILITIES
(MRF)
.
628
9.1.2.1
SORTING
COSTS
FOR
HOUSEHOLD
AND
COMMERCIAL
WASTE
.
628
9.1.2.2
RECOVERY
COSTS
OF
SEPARATE
WASTE
PAPER
COLLECTION
.
628
9.1.3
LANDFILLS
.
630
9.1.3.1
CAPITAL
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
LANDFILL
CONSTRUCTION
.
.
630
9.1.3.2
OPERATING
COSTS
OF
A
LANDFILL
.
631
9.2
COMPARISON
OF
VARIOUS
DISPOSAL
METHODS
.
632
9.2.1
DIVERTING
WASTE
FROM
LANDFILLS
.
634
9.2.2
TOTAL
COST
OF
DIVERSION
METHODS
.
635
9.2.3
NET
REMOVAL
COSTS
.
637
10
INTEGRATED
DISPOSAL
CONCEPTS
AND
FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS
.
641
10.1
DISPOSAL
CONCEPT
OBJECTIVES
.
642
10.2
ASSESSING
THE
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
.
643
10.3
EVALUATION
OF
DISPOSAL
OPTIONS
AND
PROCESSES
.
645
CONTENTS
XV
10.4
WASTE
DISPOSAL
CONCEPT
(IDEAL
CONDITION)
.
646
10.5
ORGANIZATIONAL,
FINANCIAL,
AND
LEGAL
MEASURES
.
648
10.6
FUTURE
CONVERSION
TO
WASTE
DISPOSAL
FEES
.
649
10.6.1
TRADITIONAL
FEE
SYSTEMS
.
649
10.6.2
MODERN
FEE
SYSTEMS
.
651
CONVERSION
TABLE
.
655
GLOSSARY
.
657
REFERENCES
.
661
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
691 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bilitewski, Bernd 1946- Härdtle, Georg Marek, Klaus |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136391265 |
| author_facet | Bilitewski, Bernd 1946- Härdtle, Georg Marek, Klaus |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Bilitewski, Bernd 1946- |
| author_variant | b b bb g h gh k m km |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010950959 |
| classification_rvk | AR 21050 |
| classification_tum | UMW 500f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)832736708 (DE-599)BVBBV010950959 |
| discipline | Allgemeines Umwelt |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV010950959 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-16T01:26:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540592105 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007324697 |
| oclc_num | 832736708 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Aug7 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-634 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-Aug7 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-634 DE-83 |
| physical | XV, 699 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bilitewski, Bernd 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)136391265 aut Waste management with 126 tables Bernd Bilitewski ; Georg Härdtle ; Klaus Marek. Transl. and ed. by A. Weissbach and H. Boeddicker Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1996 XV, 699 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 661 - 690. - Dt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Bilitewski, Bernd: Abfallwirtschaft Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 gnd rswk-swf Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 s DE-604 Härdtle, Georg Verfasser aut Marek, Klaus Verfasser aut DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007324697&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bilitewski, Bernd 1946- Härdtle, Georg Marek, Klaus Waste management with 126 tables Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000107-6 |
| title | Waste management with 126 tables |
| title_auth | Waste management with 126 tables |
| title_exact_search | Waste management with 126 tables |
| title_full | Waste management with 126 tables Bernd Bilitewski ; Georg Härdtle ; Klaus Marek. Transl. and ed. by A. Weissbach and H. Boeddicker |
| title_fullStr | Waste management with 126 tables Bernd Bilitewski ; Georg Härdtle ; Klaus Marek. Transl. and ed. by A. Weissbach and H. Boeddicker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waste management with 126 tables Bernd Bilitewski ; Georg Härdtle ; Klaus Marek. Transl. and ed. by A. Weissbach and H. Boeddicker |
| title_short | Waste management |
| title_sort | waste management with 126 tables |
| title_sub | with 126 tables |
| topic | Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Abfallwirtschaft |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007324697&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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