Rockglaciers: indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1996
|
| Series: | Springer series in physical environment
16 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 331 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3540607420 |
Staff View
MARC
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Titel: Rockglaciers
Autor: Barsch, Dietrich
Jahr: 1996
Contents
Introduction. 1
1 Definitions . 4
2 Historical Development of the Term Rockglacier . 14
3 Rockglaciers: Description and Morphometry. 18
3.1 General Description . 18
3.2 Form Types . 19
3.3 Morphometric Parameters . 20
3.3.1 Rockglacier Sizes. 22
3.3.2 Tongue-Shaped Rockglaciers . 22
3.3.3 Lobate Rockglaciers . 23
3.3.4 Rockglacier Thickness. 24
3.3.5 Surface Relief. 26
3.3.6 Rockglacier Surface and Source Area. 29
4 Rockglacier Taxonomy. 31
5 Rockglacier Distribution. 35
5.1 General Information . 35
5.2 Local Rockglacier Distribution. 37
5.2.1 The Alps . 37
5.2.2 The Mountains of Northern Europe. 43
5.2.3 The Pyrenees . 46
5.2.4 North American Mountains. 48
5.2.5 The Andes of Central and South America . 55
5.2.6 The Mountains of Asia . 59
5.2.7 The Southern Alps . 63
5.2.8 Antarctic Mountains. 66
5.2.9 Conclusions . 66
6 Rockglacier Material, Surficial Fabric
and Internal Structure . 67
6.1 Rock Type and Grain Size at and below the Surface 67
6.1.1 Rock Type. 67
XII Contents
6.1.2 Grain Sizes at the Surface . 68
6.1.3 Development of the Bouldery Mantle. 68
6.1.4 Surface Fabric . 70
6.1.5 Grain Sizes below the Bouldery Mantle. 71
6.2 Internal Structure . 73
6.2.1 Direct Information . 73
6.2.1.1 Excavations, Outcrops, Tunnels . 73
6.2.1.2 Smaller Boreholes . 78
6.2.1.3 The Deep Borehole through
the Rockglacier Murtel I . 79
6.2.2 Indirect Information . 82
6.2.2.1 Seismic Information . 82
6.2.2.2 Geoelectric Soundings. 93
6.2.2.3 Radio-Echo Soundings . 100
6.2.2.4 Gravimetry. 100
6.2.2.5 Borehole Geophysics
and Related Measurements . 102
6.2.2.6 BTS Measurements. 114
6.2.2.7 Summary: The Inner Core
of an Active Rockglacier. 118
6.3 The Active Layer on Rockglaciers . 119
7 Rockglacier Movement, Velocity, and Rheology. 121
7.1 The Horizontal and Vertical Movement
of Active Rockglaciers. 122
7.1.1 Measurement Methods . 122
7.1.2 Annual Horizontal Displacement . 123
7.1.3 Long-Term Annual Averages. 127
7.1.4 Long-Term Estimates . 130
7.1.5 Longer Time Series. 131
7.1.6 Monthly and Seasonal Measurements. 142
7.1.7 Vertical Displacement . 146
7.1.8 Conclusion. 156
7.2 Geometry of Movement. 158
7.2.1 The General Flow Patterns
of Active Rockglaciers. 158
7.2.1.1 Gruben Rockglacier . 162
7.2.1.2 Macun Rockglacier. 163
7.2.1.3 Arapaho Rockglacier. 164
7.2.2 Horizontal Velocity on Longitudinal
and Cross-Sectional Profiles. 166
7.2.3 Surface and Subsurface Velocity. 168
7.3 Rheologic Considerations. 171
7.3.1 Shear Stress and Strain Rates
in Active Rockglaciers. 175
Contents XIII
7.3.2 The Rheological Description
of Active Rockglaciers. 176
7.4 Rockglacier Movement and Climate. 180
7.5 Discussion of Rockglacier Movement. 180
8 Rockglacier Genesis and the Relation
to Similar-Looking Landforms. 184
8.1 Rockglacier Genesis . 184
8.1.1 The Formation of Active Rockglaciers . 185
8.1.1.1 Talus Rockglaciers . 185
8.1.1.2 Debris Rockglaciers. 186
8.1.1.3 Special Rockglaciers . 188
8.1.1.4 Problematic Cases. 189
8.1.2 Inactive Rockglaciers. 189
8.1.3 Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers . 194
8.2 Published Hypotheses of Rockglacier Formation . 196
8.2.1 Mass-Movement Hypotheses . 198
8.2.1.1 The Bergsturz Hypothesis
in General . 199
8.2.1.2 Landslide Influences . 202
8.2.2 The Glacial Hypothesis . 208
8.2.2.1 Debris-Covered Glaciers
and Thermokarst. 211
8.2.2.2 Transition from True Glaciers
to Rockglaciers? . 212
8.2.2.3 The Moraine Hypothesis . 216
8.2.3 The Periglacial (Blockstream) Hypothesis . 219
8.3 True Rockglaciers under Wrong Labels. 219
8.3.1 The Ostrem Ice-Cored Moraine Concept . 220
8.3.2 The Pro talus Rampart Concept . 220
9 The Age of Rockglaciers. 225
9.1 The Age of Active Rockglaciers. 225
9.2 The Age of Climatic Inactive Rockglaciers . 227
9.3 The Age of Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers. 229
10 Rockglaciers and the High Mountain Environment . 231
10.1 Active Rockglaciers and Mountain Permafrost . 232
10.2 Rockglaciers in the Coarse Debris Cycle. 240
10.2.1 Rockglaciers and Talus Production. 240
10.2.2 Rockglacier Size and Source Area. 246
10.2.3 Rockglaciers as a Debris Transport System . . 248
10.3 Rockglaciers and Climate. 250
10.3.1 Rockglaciers and Present Climate. 251
XIV Contents
10.3.2 Relict Rockglaciers
and Paleoclimate Reconstruction . 252
10.3.3 Reactivation of Inactive or Relict Rockglaciers 256
10.3.4 Rockglaciers and Climatic Change . 257
10.4 Rockglaciers in the Alpine Hydrological Cycle. 259
10.4.1 Rockglaciers as a Water Store . 259
10.4.2 Discharge from Rockglacier Permafrost . 262
10.4.3 Fluctuations in Rockglacier
Permafrost Storage . 265
10.5 Rockglaciers as Hazards in Alpine Environments . . . 265
10.6 The Environment of Active Rockglaciers. 266
11 Summary and Outstanding Problems . 269
12 References. 273
Index of Place Names . 321
Subject Index . 327 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Barsch, Dietrich 1936-2018 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)119352958 |
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| bvnumber | BV010828923 |
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| dewey-full | 551.31 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.31 |
| dewey-search | 551.31 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.31 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV010828923 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T03:02:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540607420 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 331 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
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| series2 | Springer series in physical environment |
| spelling | Barsch, Dietrich 1936-2018 Verfasser (DE-588)119352958 aut Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments Dietrich Barsch Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1996 XIV, 331 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in physical environment 16 Geoökologie (DE-588)4137703-5 gnd rswk-swf Glazialmorphologie (DE-588)4021212-9 gnd rswk-swf Blockgletscher (DE-588)4146035-2 gnd rswk-swf Hochgebirge (DE-588)4025207-3 gnd rswk-swf Hochgebirge (DE-588)4025207-3 s Glazialmorphologie (DE-588)4021212-9 s Geoökologie (DE-588)4137703-5 s DE-604 Blockgletscher (DE-588)4146035-2 s Springer series in physical environment 16 (DE-604)BV035361514 16 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007237630&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Barsch, Dietrich 1936-2018 Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments Springer series in physical environment Geoökologie (DE-588)4137703-5 gnd Glazialmorphologie (DE-588)4021212-9 gnd Blockgletscher (DE-588)4146035-2 gnd Hochgebirge (DE-588)4025207-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137703-5 (DE-588)4021212-9 (DE-588)4146035-2 (DE-588)4025207-3 |
| title | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments |
| title_auth | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments |
| title_exact_search | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments |
| title_full | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments Dietrich Barsch |
| title_fullStr | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments Dietrich Barsch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments Dietrich Barsch |
| title_short | Rockglaciers |
| title_sort | rockglaciers indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments |
| title_sub | indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments |
| topic | Geoökologie (DE-588)4137703-5 gnd Glazialmorphologie (DE-588)4021212-9 gnd Blockgletscher (DE-588)4146035-2 gnd Hochgebirge (DE-588)4025207-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geoökologie Glazialmorphologie Blockgletscher Hochgebirge |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007237630&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035361514 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barschdietrich rockglaciersindicatorsforthepresentandformergeoecologyinhighmountainenvironments |