Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe:
This book examines the longer-term aspects of the economic transformation currently taking place in central and eastern Europe. In particular, the vital issues of industrial structural change and trade performance are addressed, first in their macroeconomic context and then at the industrial and ent...
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge u.a.
Cambridge Univ. Press
1995
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper
60 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | This book examines the longer-term aspects of the economic transformation currently taking place in central and eastern Europe. In particular, the vital issues of industrial structural change and trade performance are addressed, first in their macroeconomic context and then at the industrial and enterprise level. Information on recent East-West trade flows is used to analyse emerging patterns of industrial and trade specialisation. Other issues analysed include the impact of the withdrawal of export subsidies on Hungarian enterprises, the changing relationships between enterprises and banks in Poland, the evolution and reform of financial institutions and the vital issue of financial intermediation and industrial restructuring. The book ends with an examination of the case for using Western-style industrial policies in the transition. |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 369 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 052148085X |
Staff View
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| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page xi
List of tables xiii
List of contributors xix
Preface xxi
1 Introduction 1
Michael Landesmann and Istvan Szekely
The overall state of economic transformation,
industrial restructuring and the macroeconomic
environment 2
Factors hindering industrial restructuring 6
Similarities and differences in the nature of industrial
restructuring among CEE countries 10
Finance, institutional change and industrial
restructuring 14
Reorientation of trade and trade performance 15
Enterprise behaviour during the transition 16
A role for industrial policy in the transition? 18
Part One INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND
EAST WEST TRADE INTEGRATION 23
2 Industrial structural change in Central and Eastern
European economies 25
Michael Landesmann and Istvan Szekely
Introduction 25
Experience with structural change and starting
positions 27
Industrial structural change during economic
transformation 33
vii
viii Contents
Conclusions on structural change 37
Foreign trade specialisation and trade reorientation,
1989 92 40
Conclusions on export and import structures 67
Technical appendix 68
3 Projecting East West trade integration 76
Michael Landesmann
Introduction 76
Long term projections 77
Short term projections 90
Medium term projections and the pattern of
catching up 102
Import projections 103
Summary of results 107
Concluding remarks: confronting the methodology
with actual results 116
Part Two COUNTRY STUDIES 125
4 Deindustrialisation or reindustrialisation? On the future
of the eastern German economy 127
Klaus Dieter Schmidt and Petra Naujoks
Introduction: how do you merge a socialist and a
capitalist economy? 127
The heritage of the past: what can be kept? 129
The recent trends: between collapse and revival 135
The prospects: some benchmarks for a projection 140
Policy conclusions: what are the lessons for other
former socialist economies? 146
5 Stabilisation, crisis and structural change in Hungary 149
Andras Blaho and Laszlb Halpern
Economic crisis and restructuring 149
Foreign trade and structural change in Hungary 156
Perspectives and conclusion 175
6 Industrial restructuring in Czechoslovakia after 1989 181
Alena Nesporova
The initial conditions of economic transformation in
Czechoslovakia 181
Reform steps after 1989 183
Contents ix
Economic structure in 1989 189
Structural developments since 1989 192
Conclusion 199
Appendix: enterprise sector behaviour and
performance 202
Alena Buchtikovd, Jifi Kfovak and Eva Macourkova
7 Economic transition and industrial restructuring in
Bulgaria 213
Rumen Dobrinsky, Nikolay Markov, Boyko Nikolov and
Dimiter Yalnazov
The background of the economic transition in Bulgaria 213
Economic policies and performance in the transition
period 215
Industrial restructuring and reorientation of trade 229
Conclusion 238
Appendix: methodological note and time schedule of
Bulgarian trade reforms 239
8 Economic reforms and structural change in Poland 242
Lucja Tomaszewicz and Witold Orlowski
Introduction 242
Towards economic stability: the Polish economy,
1990 3 243
Changes in industrial structure and foreign trade,
1989 92 249
Concluding remarks 255
Appendix: economic policy scenarios and economic
transformation, 1991 2000 simulations with a
multisectoral model 259
Part Three ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS AND POLICY
ISSUES 275
9 Microeconomic factors of trade reorientation in
Hungary, 1981 90 277
Laszlo Halpern
Introduction 277
Trade orientation of the corporate sector 278
Performance of regular exporters 282
Performance by asset size, profitability and branch 284
x Contents
Econometric estimations 293
Summary and conclusion 297
10 Hardening of the budget constraint for Polish
manufacturing enterprises, 1991 3 301
Marek Belka and Stefan Krajewski
Introduction 301
Banks and the hardening of the micro budget
constraint 302
Interenterprise credit 305
Tax arrears 309
Concluding remarks 310
11 Industrial policy in the transition 313
Michael Landesmann and Istvdn Abel
Introduction 313
The setting for industrial policies in the transition 314
The fundamental stock flow problem in the transition 315
Macroeconomic policies boycotting industrial
restructuring 318
Methods of industrial policy for the transition 321
Industrial policy as a means to changing
state administrative behaviour 323
The budgetary predicament and the reorganisation of
large state owned enterprises 324
Export orientation as a means to recapturing the
domestic market 327
Areas of industrial policy 328
Conclusion 331
12 Financial intermediation and industrial restructuring in
Central and Eastern Europe 337
Istvdn Abel and Istvdn Szekely
Introduction 337
Financing industrial restructuring in Central and
Eastern Europe 338
Corporate governance, industrial restructuring and
financial institutions 346
Bad loans and industrial restructuring 347
The competitiveness of the financial system: market
structures, privatisation and foreign participation 351
Conclusion 355
Index • 363
Figures
2.1 Year to year structural change coefficients for real
gross output, 1964 91 page 29
2.2 Year to year structural change coefficients for
employment, 1964 90 29
2.3 Hungary, year to year structural change coefficients,
1964 91 30
2.4 Poland, year to year structural change coefficients,
1964 91 30
2.5 Czechoslovakia, year to year structural change
coefficients, 1964 91 31
2.6 Changes in the structure of manufacturing and real
gross output, 1988 91 34
2.7 Structure of real output in Czechoslovakia, 1988 91 35
2.8 Structure of real output in Hungary, 1988 91 36
2.9 Structure of real output in Poland, 1988 91 37
2.10 Changes in the structure of manufacturing in
Czechoslovakia, 1988 90 38
2.11 Changes in the structure of manufacturing in
Hungary, 1988 90 39
2.12 Changes in the structure of manufacturing in Poland,
1988 90 39
2.13 Export and import structure to/from the EC compared
with the EC s total export and import structure,
1989 92 56
3.1 Market share increases of other (non Eastern
European) trading groups, 1977 2010 89
3.2 Determinants of export reorientation to the West 100
3.3 Further modification of calculated conversion rates 100
3.4 Quality gap and new export capacities 101
3.5 Time profile of the catching up process 102
xi
xii List of figures
3.6 Changes in EEFSU shares in total EC imports, total
manufacturing, 1987 2010 109
3.7 Changes in EEFSU shares in total EC imports,
1987 2010, of industries with highest market share
growth 114
3.8 Changes in EEFSU shares in total EC imports,
1987 2010, of industries with lowest market share
growth 115
3.9 Czechoslovakia, annual growth of exports to EC
markets, 1987 95 117
3.10 Hungary, annual growth of exports to EC markets,
1987 95 118
3.11 Poland, annual growth of exports to EC markets,
1987 95 119
4.1 Employment in eastern German manufacturing,
1990 2 128
4.2 Cost structure in eastern and western German
manufacturing, 1990 and 1992 141
4.3 Return on sales of Treuhand companies in selected
branches, 1991 and 1992 142
10.1 Bank credit, manufacturing industry, 1992 3 303
10.2 Interenterprise credit, manufacturing industry, 1991 3 306
11.1 Composition of public spending on economic
restructuring, 1989 1995/7 325
12.1 Real long term lending rates in Hungary, 1989 92 343
Tables
2.1 Structural change coefficients, 1966 90 page 28
2.2 Structural similarities among Western and Eastern
European economies, 1966 90 32
2.3 Geographical distribution of exports and imports,
1980 91 41
2.4 Structure of exports and imports, and export growth
to EC, 1989 92 44
2.5 Quality indicators of Eastern European exports to EC
markets, 1977 and 1987 48
2.6 Quality (price) gaps and market shares for engineering
industries, 1988 91 50
2.7 Factor intensity analysis of Czechoslovakia s trading
structure with the EC 51
2.8 Czechoslovakia s export structure and the EC s export
and import structures 52
2.9 Export specialisation analysed by factor intensities 53
2.10 Distance measures of CEE countries export (import)
structures to/from the EC relative to overall EC
import (export) structures 59
2.11 Regression results: growth of Czechoslovak exports
to the EC, 1989 91, and previous export orientation
towards the CMEA and the USSR and price
(quality) gap 61
2.12 EC protection against Czechoslovak exports, 1991 63
2.13 EC protection and factor intensities, by branch 65
2.A1 List of selected ISIC industries 70
3.1 Distance coefficients and market share 79
3.2 Market shares projections 81
3.3 Quality measures 85
3.4 Calculations of export capacity, 1987 87
xiii
xiv List of tables
3.5 Global adjustment factors 89
3.6 Shares in EC markets 89
3.7 Market shares in EC markets 90
3.8 Market shares projections 93
3.9 Short run projections: capacity conversion and export
growth 96
3.10 Projections for exports and export growth 104
3.11 Distance from total EC inport structure,
manufacturing 106
3.12 Relationship between distance in import structure
from total EC exports and level of development 106
3.13 Weights for target import structures 108
3.14 Imports from EC, 1987 91 110
4.1 Production and employment structures, eastern and
western Germany, 1989 and 1992 130
4.2 Comparison of employment structures, manufacturing,
GDR and FRG, 1989 131
4.3 Sectoral structure of intra German trade, 1989 132
4.4 Price ratios in intra German trade, 1980 and 1989 133
4.5 Domestic resource costs in eastern German industry in
trade with Western and Eastern countries, 1989 133
4.6 Trade with Western countries of the GDR and FRG
in classes of goods, 1987 134
4.7 Production structure of eastern German
manufacturing, by branches, 1990 2 136
4.8 Sales structure of eastern German manufacturing, 1991
and 1992 138
4.9 Turnover per employee, selected branches of eastern
and western German manufacturing, 1991 and 1992 139
4.10 Producer price indices of eastern and western German
manufacturing, 1991 and 1992 140
4.11 State of privatisation of eastern German
manufacturing, by branches, February 1993 143
5.1 Macroeconomic indicators, 1989 92 150
5.2 Structure of industrial production, 1980 91 151
5.3 Industrial production, 1988 91 152
5.4 Industrial labour productivity, 1988 91 152
5.5 Unemployment, 1990 2 153
5.6 Changes in the number of economic organisations,
1988 92 154
5.7 Foreign trade indicators for Hungary, 1988 92 157
5.8 Hungary: value and structure of foreign trade, 1988 93 158
List of tables xv
5.9 Commodity pattern of Hungarian exports and imports
by groups of countries, 1989 91 164
5.10 Total industrial exports and imports of Hungary,
1989 92 168
5.11 Non rouble and rouble industrial exports of Hungary,
1988 90 170
5.12 Balance of payments of Hungary in convertible
currencies, 1990 2 172
6.1 Macroeconomic indicators of the CSFR, 1990 and
1991 184
6.2 Branch structure of the Czechoslovak economy,
1989 190
6.3 Branch structure of Czechoslovak industry, 1989 190
6.4 Share of exports in manufacturing production in
Czechoslovakia, 1988 192
6.5 Czechoslovak foreign trade, 1989 193
6.6 Structural change in the Czechoslovak economy,
1989 92 194
6.7 Structural shifts in Czechoslovak industry, 1989 91 197
6.8 Industrial indicators, 1992 198
6.9 Czechoslovak foreign trade, 1989 92 200
6.A1 Matrix of correlations of selected indicators 203
6.A2 Average ranking of selected branches 205
6.A3 Economic indicators of the enterprise sector, 1990 2,
monthly data 209
6.A4 Economic indicators of the enterprise sector, 1990 2,
quarterly data 210
6.A5 Codes used in the classification of branches 210
7.1 Bulgaria, selected indicators of economic performance,
1989 93 217
7.2 Breakdown of the Bulgarian state budget, 1989 93 225
7.3 Balance of payments in convertible currencies, 1988 92 227
7.4 Gross output, by industrial sectors, 1988 92 231
7.5 Exports and imports, by industrial sectors, 1988 91 233
7.6 Structure of exports and imports, by commodity
groups, 1988 92 234
7.7 Structure of exports and imports, by countries and
groups of countries, 1988 92 237
8.1 Key macroeconomic indicators for Poland, 1989 92 247
8.2 Dynamics of gross output and employment, 1990 2 250
8.3 Branch structure of Polish industry, 1989 92 252
8.4 Structure of Polish exports, 1989 91 254
xvi List of tables
8.5 Structure of Polish imports, 1989 91 256
8.6 Activities of state owned and private sectors, 1991 3 258
8.A1 Simulation experiments, results 268
8.A2 Change in output structure from 1990 to 2000 271
8.A3 Measures of distance of output structures in
experiments 272
9.1 Structure of sales of Hungarian enterprises, and
annual increase in gross output, 1981 90 279
9.2 Profit to sales ratios for Hungarian firms, 1981 90 280
9.3 Subsidy to sales ratios for Hungarian enterprises,
1981 90 281
9.4 Price increases according to directions of sales,
1981 90 282
9.5 Weight of regularly exporting firms as compared to the
whole corporate sector, 1981 90 283
9.6 Structure of sales of firms in the sample, 1981 90 283
9.7 Profit rate of firms in the sample, 1981 90 284
9.8 Subsidy to sales ratios of firms in the sample, 1981 90 284
9.9 Export shares, by asset size, in the sample, 1981 90 285
9.10 Sales shares of firms, by asset size, in the sample,
1981 90 285
9.11 Profit rate of sales, by asset size, in the sample,
1981 90 286
9.12 Subsidy to sales ratios for firms, by asset size, in the
sample, 1981 90 287
9.13 Export shares, by sectors, in the sample, 1981 90 288
9.14 Sales shares of firms, by sectors, in the sample,
1981 90 289
9.15 Profit rate of sales for firms, by sectors, in the sample,
1981 90 290
9.16 Subsidy to sales ratios for firms, by sectors, in the
sample, 1981 90 291
9.17 Export shares for firms, by profitability, in the sample,
1981 90 292
9.18 Sales shares of firms, by profitability, in the sample,
1981 90 292
9.19 Profit rate of sales for firms, by profitability, in the
sample, 1981 90 293
9.20 Subsidy to sales ratios for firms, by profitability, in the
sample, 1981 90 294
10.1 Ratio of bank credit to nominal monthly sales, Polish
manufacturing industry, 1991 3 304
List of tables xvii
10.2 Structure of interenterprise debt, late 1993 307
10.3 Ratio of net interenterprise lending to monthly sales,
1990:3 1992:6 308
10.4 Ratio of tax arrears to taxes due, 1990 2 309
10.5 Time structure of tax arrears, 1993 310
11.1 Eastern Europe and the USSR, industrial output,
gross fixed investment and unemployment, 1989 92 319
12.1 Supply and demand of loanable funds, 1990 3 340
12.2 Allocation of domestic credit in Hungary, 1989 93 342
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Europe, Eastern -- Commercial policy Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europe, Eastern -- Commercial policy Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV010226450 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:48:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 052148085X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006797264 |
| oclc_num | 30894868 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-521 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-521 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXII, 369 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
| publishDateSort | 1995 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper |
| spelling | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe ed. by Michael A. Landesmann ... 1. publ. Cambridge u.a. Cambridge Univ. Press 1995 XXII, 369 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier University <Cambridge> / Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper 60 This book examines the longer-term aspects of the economic transformation currently taking place in central and eastern Europe. In particular, the vital issues of industrial structural change and trade performance are addressed, first in their macroeconomic context and then at the industrial and enterprise level. Information on recent East-West trade flows is used to analyse emerging patterns of industrial and trade specialisation. Other issues analysed include the impact of the withdrawal of export subsidies on Hungarian enterprises, the changing relationships between enterprises and banks in Poland, the evolution and reform of financial institutions and the vital issue of financial intermediation and industrial restructuring. The book ends with an examination of the case for using Western-style industrial policies in the transition. Handel gtt Industriële vernieuwing gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy -- Europe, Eastern Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd rswk-swf Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd rswk-swf Industriepolitik (DE-588)4026860-3 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd rswk-swf Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd rswk-swf Europe, Eastern -- Commercial policy Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 s Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 s DE-604 Industriepolitik (DE-588)4026860-3 s Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 s Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 s Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 s Landesmann, Michael 1952- Sonstige (DE-588)12452205X oth Department of Applied Economics: Occasional paper University <Cambridge> 60 (DE-604)BV001888044 60 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/94031517.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam022/94031517.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006797264&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe Handel gtt Industriële vernieuwing gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy -- Europe, Eastern Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd Industriepolitik (DE-588)4026860-3 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003832-4 (DE-588)4058136-6 (DE-588)4003841-5 (DE-588)4026860-3 (DE-588)4066512-4 (DE-588)4026779-9 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe |
| title_auth | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe |
| title_exact_search | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe |
| title_full | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe ed. by Michael A. Landesmann ... |
| title_fullStr | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe ed. by Michael A. Landesmann ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe ed. by Michael A. Landesmann ... |
| title_short | Industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | industrial restructuring and trade reorientation in eastern europe |
| topic | Handel gtt Industriële vernieuwing gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy -- Europe, Eastern Außenhandel (DE-588)4003832-4 gnd Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Außenhandelspolitik (DE-588)4003841-5 gnd Industriepolitik (DE-588)4026860-3 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Industrie (DE-588)4026779-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Handel Industriële vernieuwing Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy -- Europe, Eastern Außenhandel Strukturwandel Außenhandelspolitik Industriepolitik Wirtschaftsreform Industrie Europe, Eastern -- Commercial policy Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/94031517.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam022/94031517.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006797264&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001888044 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT landesmannmichael industrialrestructuringandtradereorientationineasterneurope |