Quality assurance in analytical chemistry:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | German |
| Published: |
Weinheim [u.a.]
VCH
1995
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 238 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3527286683 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Funk, Werner |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quality assurance in analytical chemistry |c Werner Funk ; Vera Dammann ; Gerhild Donnevert |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim [u.a.] |b VCH |c 1995 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 238 S. |b zahlr. graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical laboratories - Quality control | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Analytic - Quality control | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Analytic - Technique | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1807323904010616832 |
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS
LIST
OF
SYMBOLS
.
XVII
DEFINITIONS
.
1
0
INTRODUCTION
.
11
0.1
GENERAL
DIFFERENTIATION
OF
ANALYTICAL
PROCESSES
.
11
0.2
QUALITY
OF
ANALYTICAL
PROCESSES
AND
RESULTS
.
13
0.3
THE
4-PHASE
MODEL
OF
ANALYTICAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
14
1
PHASE
I:
ESTABLISHING
A
NEW
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE
.
15
1.1
INTRODUCTION
.
15
1.1.1
OBJECTIVES
OF
PHASE
I
.
15
1.1.2
WHEN
ARE
CHARACTERISTIC
DATA
OBTAINED?
.
15
1.1.3
THE
PROGRESSION
OF
PHASE
I
.
20
1.1.4
RESULTS
OF
PHASE
I
;
STATISTICAL
DATA
.
20
1.2
CALIBRATION
OF
THE
FUNDAMENTAL
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE
(FUNDAMENTAL
CALIBRATION)
.
21
1.2.1
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
AN
ANALYTICAL
RAENGE
.
22
1.2.1.1
PREPARATION
OF
STANDARD
SAMPLES
.
22
1.2.2
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
AND
PROCESS
DATA
.
23
1.2.2.1
PROCESS
DATA
FOR
THE
LINEAR
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
.
24
1.2.2.2
PROCESS
DATA
FOR
THE
SECOND
ORDER
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
.
26
1.2.3
VERIFICATION
OF
THE
FUNDAMENTAL
CALIBRATION
.
27
1.2.3.1
VERIFICATION
OF
LINEARITY
.
27
1.2.3.1.1
VISUAL
LINEARITY
TEST
.
27
1.2.3.1.2
MANDEL
'
S
FITTING
TEST
.
28
1.2.3.1.3
RESIDUAL
ANALYSIS
.
29
1.2.3.2
VERIFICATION
OF
PRECISION
.
30
1.2.3.2.1
HOMOGENEITY
OF
VARIANCES
.
30
1.2.3.2.2
OUTLIER
TEST
.
31
1.2.3.2.3
SECURING
THE
LOWER
RAENGE
LIMIT
.
32
1.2.3.2.4
RELATIVE
ANALYTICAL
IMPRECISION
.
33
X
CONTENTS
1.3
ANALYSES
AT
VERY
LOW
CONCENTRATIONS
.
34
1.3.1
DETECTION
LIMIT
.
35
1.3.2
DETERMINING
THE
CAPABILITY
OF
DETECTION
.
37
1.3.2.1
CAPABILITY
OF
DETECTION,
DETERMINED
USING
THE
DISTRIBUTION
OF
BLANK
VALUES
.
37
1.3.2.2
CAPABILITY
OF
DETECTION,
OBTAINED
USING
THE
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
.
38
1.3.3
LIMIT
OF
QUANTITATION
.
38
1.4
VALIDATION
OF
INDIVIDUAL
PROCESS
STEPS
AND
EXAMINATION
OF
MATRIX
INFLUENCES
.
39
1.4.1
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
40
1.4.1.1
CONSTANT
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
40
1.4.1.2
PROPORTIONAL
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
40
1.4.2
ESTABLISHMENT
AND
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
RECOVERY
FUNCTION
.
41
1.4.2.1
PREREQUISITES
FOR
THE
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
RECOVERY
FUNCTION
.
42
1.4.2.2
TESTING
FOR
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
43
1.4.3
APPLICATION
OF
THE
RECOVERY
FUNCTION
.
43
1.4.3.1
CHECKING
INDIVIDUAL
PROCESS
STEPS
.
43
1.4.3.1.1
MEANING
OF
THE
RECOVERY
RATE
.
44
1.4.3.1.2
IMPACT
OF
A
CONSTANT
SYSTEMATIC
ERROR
ON
THE
RECOVERY
RATE
.
44
1.4.3.2
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
RECOVERY
FUNCTION
TO
PROVE
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
A
MATRIX
.
48
1.5
ADDITIONAL
STATISTICAL
METHODS
.
49
1.6
USE
OF
INTERNAL
STANDARDS
.
49
1.6.1
DEFINITION,
PURPOSE
.
50
1.6.2
CONDITIONS
AND
LIMITATIONS
OF
THE
USE
OF
INTERNAL
STANDARDS
.
50
1.6.3
PROCEDURE
.
51
1.7
PREPARING
FOR
ROUTINE
ANALYSIS
.
51
1.7.1
EXAMINATION
OF
THE
TIME
DEPENDENCY
OF
MEASURED
VALUES
.
51
1.7.1.1
COMPARISON
OF
THE
"
WITHIN
BATCH
"
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(S
W
)
WITH
THE
"
BETWEEN
BATCH
"
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(S
B
)
.
52
1.7.1.2
DETERMINING
THE
NEED
FOR
DAILY
ADJUSTMENT
OF
ANALYTICAL
EQUIPMENT
.
53
1.7.1.3
THE
TREND
TEST
.
55
1.8
SUMMARY
OF
THE
RESULTS
OF
PHASE
I
(PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT):
DOCUMENTATION
.
56
2
PHASE
II:
AN
ANALYTICAL
PROCESS
BECOMES
ROUTINE:
PREPARATIVE
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
59
2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
59
2.1.1
OBJECTIVE
OF
PHASE
II
.
59
2.1.2
EXECUTION
OF
PHASE
II
.
59
CONTENTS
XI
2.1.3
PROGRESSION
OF
PHASE
II
.
59
2.1.4
RESULTS
OF
PHASE
II
.
59
2.2
SELECTION
OF
THE
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE
.
60
2.2.1
SPECIFICITY
OF
THE
PROCEDURE
.
62
2.2.2
SELECTIVITY
OF
THE
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE
.
62
2.2.3
RANGE
.
62
2.2.4
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION,
SENSITIVITY
AND
PRECISION
OF
THE
PROCEDURE
.
62
2.2.5
LIMIT
OF
DETECTION
.
62
2.2.6
RISK
OF
SYSTEMATIC
ERROR
.
63
2.2.7
EFFORT,
COSTS
.
63
2.3
THE
"
TRAINING
"
PHASE
OF
THE
PROCESS
.
64
2.3.1
TRAINING
BASED
ON
THE
CALIBRATION
OF
THE
ANALYTICAL
PROCESS
.
64
2.4
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
QUALITY
OBJECTIVES
TO
BE
ADHERED
TO
IN
ROUTINE
USAGE
.
66
2.4.1
EXTERNAL
QUALITY
REQUIREMENTS
.
67
2.4.2
INTERNAL
QUALITY
REQUIREMENTS
.
68
2.5
CONTROL
SAMPLES
FOR
INTERNAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
68
2.5.1
REQUIREMENTS
OF
CONTROL
SAMPLES
.
68
2.5.2
LYPES
OF
CONTROL
SAMPLES
.
69
2.5.2.1
STANDARD
SOLUTION
.
69
2.5.2.2
BLANK
SAMPLES
.
69
2.5.2.3
NATURAL
SAMPLES
.
69
2.5.2.4
SPIKED
NATURAL
SAMPLES
.
70
2.5.2.5
SYNTHETIC
SAMPLES
.
70
2.5.2.6
CERTIFIED
REFERENCE
MATERIALS
(CRM)
.
70
2.5.3
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
PRODUCERS
OF
CONTROL
MATERIAL
.
70
2.5.4
APPLICABILITY
OF
CONTROL
SAMPLE
TYPES
.
71
2.6
THE
CONTROL
CHART
SYSTEM
.
72
2.6.1
INTRODUCTION:
HISTORY
OF
THE
CONTROL
CHART
.
72
2.6.2
PRINCIPLES
OF
A
CONTROL
CHART
.
73
2.6.3
AVERAGE
RUN
LENGTH
(ARL)
AND
EVALUATION
OF
CONTROL
CHARTS
.
75
2.6.4
CONCEPT
FOR
THE
PREPARATION
OF
ROUTINE
QUALITY
CONTROL
(SO-CALLED
PRELIMINARY
PERIOD)
.
80
2.6.5
EVALUATION
OF
THE
PRELIMINARY
PERIOD
.
82
2.6.5.1
VARIANCE
ANALYSIS
.
82
2.6.5.2
RECOVERY
RATES
.
82
2.7
TYPES
OF
CONTROL
CHARTS
AND
THEIR
APPLICATIONS
.
82
2.7.1
SHEWHART
CHARTS
.
83
2.7.1.1
GENERAL
.
83
2.7.1.2
STATISTICAL
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
SHEWHART
CHART
.
83
2.7.1.3
CONSTRUCTION
OF
A
SHEWHART
CHART
.
84
XII
CONTENTS
2.7.1.4
EVALUATION
OF
A
CONTROL
CHART
.
86
2.7.1.4.1
"
OUT
OF
CONTROL
"
SITUATIONS
.
86
2.7.1.4.2
CONSPICUOUS
ENTRIES
.
87
2.7.1.5
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
SHEWHART
CHART
.
87
2.7.1.5.1
X-CHARTS
.
88
2.7.1.5.2
BLANK
VALUE
CHARTS
.
89
2.7.1.5.3
RECOVERY
RATE
CHARTS
.
89
2.7.2
R-CHART
(RAENGE
CONTROL
CHART)
.
92
2.7.2.1
GENERAL
.
92
2.7.2.2
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
AN
R-CHART
.
93
2.7.2.3
OUT
OF
CONTROL
SITUATIONS
.
94
2.7.2.4
APPLICATIONS
OF
R-CHARTS
.
95
2.7.2.4.1
CONTROL
SAMPLES
FOR
R-CHARTS
.
95
2.7.2.4.2
X-R
COMBINATION
CHARTS
.
98
2.7.2.4.3
DIFFERENCE
CHART
.
99
2.7.3
STANDARD
DEVIATION
CHART
(S-CHART)
.
101
2.7.4
CUSUM
CHART
.
102
2.7.4.1
PRINCIPLE
OF
THE
CUSUM
CHART
.
102
2.7.4.2
PURPOSE
AND
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
CUSUM
CHART
.
103
2.7.4.3
ESTABLISHING
A
CUSUM
CHART
.
103
2.7.4.3.1
CHOICE
OF
THE
REFERENCE
VALUE
K
.
103
2.7.4.3.2
SCALE
OF
THE
Y-AXIS
(CUSUM
AXIS)
.
105
2.7.4.4
DETERMINATION
OF
AN
OUT
OF
CONTROL
SITUATION
.
106
2.7.4.4.1
VISUAL
DECISION
CRITERION
.
106
2.7.4.4.2
V-MASK
.
:.
106
2.7.4.4.3
NUMERICAL
DECISION
CRITERIA
.
111
2.7.4.5
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
THE
CUSUM
CHART
.
113
2.7.4.5.1
ADVANTAGES
OF
THE
CUSUM
TECHNIQUE
.
113
2.7.4.5.2
DISADVANTAGES
OF
THE
CUSUM
TECHNIQUE
.
114
2.7.5
SUMMARY
OF
THE
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
CONTROL
CHARTS
.
115
3
PHASE
III:
ROUTINE
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
117
3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
117
3.1.1
SETTING
THE
OBJECTIVES
OF
PHASE
III
.
117
3.1.2
EXECUTION
OF
PHASE
III
.
117
3.1.3
PROGRESSION
OF
PHASE
III
.
118
3.2
FUNDAMENTAL
MEASURES
OF
INTERNAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
120
3.2.1
THE
LABORATORY
AND
LABORATORY
MANAGEMENT
.
120
3.2.2
PERSONNEI
.
121
3.2.3
OUTFITTING
AND
EQUIPMENT
.
121
3.2.3.1
ADJUSTMENT
AND
CALIBRATION
OF
EQUIPMENT
.
121
3.2.3.2
MAINTENANCE
OF
EQUIPMENT
.
122
3.2.4
MATERIALS
.
122
CONTENTS
XIII
3.2.4.1
CERTIFYING
SAMPLE
QUALITY
.
123
3.2.4.2
ANALYSIS-RELATED
MATERIALS
.
123
3.2.4.3
CONTROL
SAMPLES
FOR
ROUTINE
QUALITY
CONTROL
.
124
3.2.5
INSTITUTED
ANALYTICAL
PROCESSES
.
124
3.2.6
REPORTING
OF
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
.
124
3.2.6.1
REPORTING
RESULTS
FOR
ANALYTICAL
PROCESSES
THAT
CANNOT
BE
CALIBRATED
125
3.2.6.2
REPORTING
RESULTS
WHEN
USING
THE
LINEAR
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
.
127
3.2.6.3
REPORTING
RESULTS
WHEN
USING
THE
SECOND
ORDER
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
128
3.2.7
FINAL
REPORT
OF
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
.
129
3.3
ROUTINE
QUALITY
CONTROL
.
130
3.3.1
ACCURACY
CONTROL
.
130
3.3.1.1
GENERAL
.
130
3.3.1.2
BLANK
VALUE
MONITORING
.
130
3.3.1.2.1
CAUSES
FOR
BLANK
VALUES
.
131
3.3.1.2.2
PRACTICAL
USE
OF
BLANK
SAMPLES
AND
BLANK
VALUES
.
131
3.3.1.2.3
BLANK
VALUE
CONTROL
CHARTS
.
132
3.3.1.3
X-CHART
.
132
3.3.1.4
RECOVERY
RATE
CONTROL
CHART
.
133
3.3.2
PRECISION
CONTROL
.
133
3.3.2.1
GENERAL
.
133
3.3.2.2
PRECISION
CONTROL
USING
THE
R-CHART
.
133
3.3.2.3
SECURING
PRECISION
USING
A
STANDARD
DEVIATION
CONTROL
CHART
.
134
3.3.3
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
IN
THE
CASE
OF
TIME-CONSUMING
OR
INFREQUENT
ANALYSES
.
134
3.4
SPECIAL
QUALITY
PROBLEMS
IN
ROUTINE
ANALYSIS
.
135
3.4.1
MATRIX
EFFECTS
.
135
3.4.1.1
DETERMINATION
OF
PRECISION
USING
THE
METHOD
OF
STANDARD
ADDITION
135
3.4.1.1.1
METHOD
OF
STANDARD
ADDITION
.
135
3.4.1.1.2
STATISTICALLY
SECURING
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
.
137
3.4.2
THE
PROBLEM
OF
LIMIT
MONITORING
.
138
3.5
CORRECTIVE
MEASURES
.
140
3.5.1
SOURCES
OF
ERROR
IN
ANALYTICAL
LABORATORIES
.
140
3.5.2
SYSTEMATIC
TROUBLE-SHOOTING
.
147
3.5.2.1
ANALYTICAL
ERRORS
WHICH
CAN
BE
DETECTED
USING
STATISTICAL
QUALITY
CONTROL
METHODS
.
147
3.5.2.1.1
ELIMINATION
OF
GROSS
ERRORS
.
147
3.5.2.1.2
ELIMINATION
OF
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
147
3.5.2.1.3
IMPROVING
PRECISION
.
148
3.5.2.2
PLAUSIBILITY
CHECKS
.
148
3.5.2.2.1
INFORMATION/INPUT
.
148
3.5.2.2.2
CHECK
.
150
3.5.2.2.3
MEASURES
AND
CONSEQUENCES
DRAWN
FROM
THE
PLAUSIBILITY
CHECK.
.
152
3.6
DOCUMENTATION
AND
ARCHIVING
.
152
XIV
CONTENTS
4
PHASE
IV
:
EXTERNAL
ANALYTICAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
153
4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
153
4.1.1
INTERLABORATORY
TESTS
FOR
PROCESS
STANDARDIZATION
.
154
4.1.2
INTERLABORATORY
TESTING
AS
LABORATORY
MONITORING
.
154
4.2
AUDITS
.
156
4.3
EXECUTION
AND
EVALUATION
OF
INTERLABORATORY
(OR
ROUND
ROBIN)
TESTS
157
4.3.1
INTERLABORATORY
TEST
PROGRAMS
ACCORDING
TO
ISO
5725-2
.
157
4.3.1.1
EXECUTION
AND
EVALUATION
.
157
4.3.1.2
INTERPRETING
THE
RESULTS
OF
INTERLABORATORY
TESTS
.
159
4.3.2
THE
YOUDEN
METHOD
OF
INTERLABORATORY
TESTS
.
160
4.3.2.1
GENERAL
.
160
4.3.2.2
POSSIBLE
APPLICATIONS
OF
THE
YOUDEN
PLOT
.
160
4.3.2.2.1
APPLICATION
IN
EXTERNAL
ANALYTICAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
160
4.3.2.2.2
APPLICATION
IN
INTERNAL
ANALYTICAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
161
4.3.2.3
EVALUATION
USING
THE
YOUDEN
METHOD
.
161
4.3.2.3.1
DIRECT
EVALUATION
FOR
NEARLY
EQUAL
PRECISION
.
161
4.3.2.3.2
DIRECT
EVALUATION
FOR
DIFFERENT
STANDARD
DEVIATIONS
.
162
4.3.2.3.3
NORMALIZED
EVALUATION
.
163
4.3.2.3.4
SIMPLIFIED
EVALUATION
.
165
4.3.2.3.5
THREE
AND
FOUR
DIMENSIONAL
YOUDEN
PLOTS
.
166
4.3.2.4
FUERTHER
STATISTICAL
EVALUATION
.
166
4.3.2.4.1
ESTIMATION
OF
THE
LABORATORY
INTERNAL
STANDARD
DEVIATION
S
W
.
166
4.3.2.4.2
ESTIMATION
OF
THE
MEASURING
PRECISION
S
D
.
.
166
4.3.2.4.3
F-TEST
FOR
THE
PROOF
OF
SYSTEMATIC
ERRORS
.
167
4.3.2.4.4
ESTIMATION
OF
THE
STANDARD
DEVIATION
BETWEEN
LABORATORIES
S
B
.
167
4.3.2.4.5
ESTIMATION
OF
THE
TOTAL
STANDARD
DEVIATION
S
T
.
167
4.3.2.4.6
OUTLIER
TESTS
.
167
4.3.2.5
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
INTERLABORATORY
TEST
EVALUATION
USING
THE
YOUDEN
METHOD
.
168
4.3.2.6
EXAMPLE
OF
A
YOUDEN
INTERLABORATORY
TEST
PROGRAM
.
168
4.4
EFFECTS
OF
INTERNAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
ON
THE
RESULTS
OF
INTERLABORATORY
TESTS
.
170
4.5
RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR
THE
ORGANIZATION
OF
EXTERNAL
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
.
173
REFERENCES
.
175
APPENDIX
1:
SAMPLE
CALCULATIONS
.
181
AL.L
FUNDAMENTAL
CALIBRATION
.
181
AL.
1.1
VISUAL
LINEARITY
TEST
.
183
AL.
1.2
SECOND
ORDER
CALIBRATION
FUNCTION
.
184
AL.
1.3
LINEARITY
TEST:
GOODNESS-OF-FIT
TEST
.
187
CONTENTS
XV
AL.
1.4
VARIANCE
HOMOGENEITY
TEST
.
189
AL.
1.5
OUTLIER
TESTS
FOR
LINEAR
CALIBRATION
.
191
AL.
1.6
SECURING
THE
LOWER
RAENGE
LIMIT
.
194
AL.
1.7
DETECTION
LIMIT
AND
CAPABILITY
OF
DETECTION
.
195
AL.
1.8
RECOVERY
FUNCTION
.
199
AL.
1.9
TESTING
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
FOR
TEMPORAL
STABILITY
.
203
AL.
1.10
TREND
TEST
.
205
AL.
1.11
PRACTICE
PHASE:
CHECKING
THE
ANALYSIS
QUALITY
ACHIEVED
BASED
ON
THE
PROCESS
STANDARD
DEVIATION
.
207
AL
.2
PHASES
II
AND
III:
CONTROL
CHARTS
.
208
AL.
2.1
BLANK
VALUE
CONTROL
CHART
.
209
AL.
2.2
X-CHART
FOR
STANDARD
SOLUTIONS
.
210
AL.
2.3
RECOVERY
RATE
(RR)
CONTROL
CHART
.
211
AL.
2.4
VERIFYING
PRECISION
BY
MEANS
OF
R-CHARTS
AND
S-CHARTS
.
212
AL.
2.5
TESTING
FOR
SERIES-INTERNAL
DRIFT
.
215
AL.
2.6
RR
CONTROL
CHART
BY
STANDARD
ADDITION
.
217
AL.
2.7
CUSUM
CHART
.
219
AL.
2.8
STANDARD
ADDITION
.
223
APPENDIX
2:
STATISTICAL
TABLES
.
225
A2.1
T-TABLES
.
225
A2.2
F-TABLES
.
226
A2.3
GRUBBS-TABLE
.
228
A2.4
X
2
-TABLE
.
229
INDEX
.
231 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Funk, Werner Dammann, Vera Donnevert, Gerhild |
| author_facet | Funk, Werner Dammann, Vera Donnevert, Gerhild |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Funk, Werner |
| author_variant | w f wf v d vd g d gd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV010200687 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD75 |
| callnumber-raw | QD75.4.Q34 |
| callnumber-search | QD75.4.Q34 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 275.4 Q34 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | VN 9300 WC 5300 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)472949921 (DE-599)BVBBV010200687 |
| dewey-full | 543 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 543 - Analytical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 543 |
| dewey-search | 543 |
| dewey-sort | 3543 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV010200687 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T01:19:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527286683 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006779021 |
| oclc_num | 472949921 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-M347 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-M347 DE-634 |
| physical | XXII, 238 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
| publishDateSort | 1995 |
| publisher | VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Funk, Werner Verfasser aut Quality assurance in analytical chemistry Werner Funk ; Vera Dammann ; Gerhild Donnevert Weinheim [u.a.] VCH 1995 XXII, 238 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chemical laboratories - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Technique Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd rswk-swf Qualitätssicherung (DE-588)4126457-5 gnd rswk-swf Labortechnik (DE-588)4123602-6 gnd rswk-swf Qualitätskontrolle (DE-588)4047968-7 gnd rswk-swf Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 s Labortechnik (DE-588)4123602-6 s Qualitätssicherung (DE-588)4126457-5 s DE-604 Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 s Qualitätskontrolle (DE-588)4047968-7 s Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 s 1\p DE-604 Dammann, Vera Verfasser aut Donnevert, Gerhild Verfasser aut Paralle Sprachausgabe deutsch Funk, Werner Qualitätssicherung in der analytischen Chemie DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006779021&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Funk, Werner Dammann, Vera Donnevert, Gerhild Quality assurance in analytical chemistry Chemical laboratories - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Technique Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Qualitätssicherung (DE-588)4126457-5 gnd Labortechnik (DE-588)4123602-6 gnd Qualitätskontrolle (DE-588)4047968-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129906-1 (DE-588)4282985-9 (DE-588)4009840-0 (DE-588)4126457-5 (DE-588)4123602-6 (DE-588)4047968-7 |
| title | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry |
| title_auth | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry |
| title_exact_search | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry |
| title_full | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry Werner Funk ; Vera Dammann ; Gerhild Donnevert |
| title_fullStr | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry Werner Funk ; Vera Dammann ; Gerhild Donnevert |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry Werner Funk ; Vera Dammann ; Gerhild Donnevert |
| title_short | Quality assurance in analytical chemistry |
| title_sort | quality assurance in analytical chemistry |
| topic | Chemical laboratories - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Technique Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Qualitätssicherung (DE-588)4126457-5 gnd Labortechnik (DE-588)4123602-6 gnd Qualitätskontrolle (DE-588)4047968-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemical laboratories - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Quality control Chemistry, Analytic - Technique Analytische Chemie Umweltanalytik Chemische Analyse Qualitätssicherung Labortechnik Qualitätskontrolle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006779021&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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