Compositional translation:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
1994
|
| Series: | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science
273 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 478 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792394623 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rosetta, M. T. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Compositional translation |c by M. T. Rosetta |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Kluwer Acad. Publ. |c 1994 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science |v 273 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Automatisch vertalen |2 gtt | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804124518097092608 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | COMPOSITIONAL
TRANSLATION
by
M T ROSETTA
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1 1 Knowledge needed for translation 2
111 Knowledge of language and world knowledge 2
112 Formalisation 4
113 The underestimation of linguistic problems 5
114 The notion of possible translation 5
1 2 Applications 7
13A linguistic perspective on MT 9
131 Scope of the project 9
132 Scope of the book 11
1 4 Organisation of the book 12
PART I: METHOD OF TRANSLATION
2 A compositional definition of the translation relation • 15
2 1 The principle of compositionality of translation IS
22A formal notation 17
2 3 Isomorphic grammars 19
2 4 Recursion 24
2 5 Translation and grammars 26
2 6 Compositionality of meaning 27
2 7 Definition of translation equivalence with semantic derivation trees 29
2 8 Challenges 32
3 M-grammars 35
3 1 Introduction 35
3 2 Structure 35
321 Constituents 36
322 Syntactic categories 37
vn
Vlll
323 Attribute-value pairs 39
324 Grammatical relations 42
3 3 S-trees 43
3 4 M-grammars 45
341 The components of M-grammar 45
342 M-rules 46
343 Example derivation 47
3 5 The relation between syntax and morphology 50
3 6 Ambiguity 51
361 Semantic ambiguity 51
362 Morphosyntactic ambiguity 52
3 7 Concluding remarks 56
The translation process 57
4 1 From translation relation to translation system 57
4 2 Global architecture of translation systems 58
43A translation system based on string grammars 60
431 The four modules 61
432 Reversibility 63
433 Reversible rules 64
434 Parsing with a reversible string grammar 67
435 Measure condition 69
44A translation system based on M-grammars: Rosetta 69
441 Reversibility of M-grammars 71
442 Global design of the Rosetta system 74
4 5 The Rosetta modules at work 78
4 6 Concluding remarks 84
The Rosetta characteristics 85
5 1 Introduction 85
5 2 Other views on compositionality of translation 86
5 3 Explicit grammars 88
531 Definition 88
532 Other MT approaches 88
5 4 Compositional grammars 89
541 Definition 89
542 The use of Montague Grammar in machine translation 90
5 5 Reversible grammars 91
551 Definition 91
552 Other machine translation approaches 92
553 Deviations 92
IX
5 6 Attuned grammars 93
561 Definition 93
562 Arguments pro tuning of grammars 93
563 Arguments contra tuning of grammars 97
5 7 Interlingua 99
571 Definition 99
572 Form of the interlingual expressions 99
573 Problems with interlinguas 99
5 8 Concluding remarks 101
PART D: ELABORATION OF THE METHOD
6 Morphology 103
6 1 Introduction 103
6 2 Phenomena and representations 105
621 Morphological phenomena 105
622 Representations 108
6 3 The generative morphological module 109
631 Introduction 109
632 The W-grammar phase in more detail I l l
633 The orthographic phase in more detail 112
6 4 The opposite direction: the analytical morphological module 114
6 5 Extensions 115
6 6 Conclusion 117
7 Dictionaries 119
7 1 The general organisation of the dictionaries 119
7 2 Some example entries 123
721 Lexical entry structure 123
722 Role of the lexicon 124
723 Example of a lexical specification 125
724 Other categories 128
7 3 Rosetta dictionaries and Van Dale dictionaries 129
731 Introduction 129
732 The Van Dale tapes 129
733 The use of Van Dale dictionaries 130
7 4 Concluding remarks 132
8 Syntactic rules 133
8 1 Introduction 133
8 2 M-Rules 133
821 General characterisation 133
822 M-rule notation 136
8 3 Surface rules 139
831 General characterisation 139
832 Surface rule notation 141
833 Over-acceptance 145
8 4 Concluding remarks 147
9 Modular and controlled M-grammars 149
9 1 Introduction 149
9 2 Problems with free M-grammars 149
9 3 Subgrammars, a syntax-oriented division 152
931A modular approach 152
932 Projection 153
933 An informal subgrammar definition 156
934 An example subgrammar 158
9 4 Classification of M-rules, a translation-oriented division 162
941 Transformations versus translation-relevant rules 163
942 Linguistic classification 163
9 5 Combination of subgrammars and classification of M-rules 166
9 6 Controlled M-grammars 167
961 Control expression 168
962A formal definition of subgrammar 169
963 Isomorphy and control expressions 171
9 7 Concluding remarks 172
9 8 Another example subgrammar 174
PART ni : LINGUISTIC ASPECTS
10 Compositionality and syntactic generalisations 185
10 1 Introduction 185
10 2 Auxiliaries and inversion in English 186
10 2 1 The problem 187
10 22A solution 189
10 3 Mood in Dutch 192
10 4 Order variants 193
10 5 WH-movement 195
10 6 Generic sentences 197
XI
10 7 Concluding remarks 201
11 Incorporating theoretical linguistic insights 203
11 1 Introduction 203
11 2 General properties of the syntax 203
11 3 Passive 205
11 4 Verb Second in Dutch 208
11 4 1 SVO and SOV languages 208
11 4 2 Verb Second 209
11 5 Cross-serial dependencies in Dutch 211
11 6 R-pronouns in Dutch 215
11 7 Unbounded dependencies 220
11 8 Romance object clitics 223
11 8 1 Introduction 223
11 8 2 Clitic doubling 224
11 9 Concluding remarks 228
PART IV: SOLUTION OF TRANSLATION PROBLEMS
12 Divergences between languages 229
12 1 Introduction 229
12 2 Syntactic divergence types 229
12 2 1 Divergences with a structural source 230
12 2 2 Divergences with a lexical source 231
12 3 Solutions 235
12 3 1 Divergences with a structural source 235
12 3 2 Divergences with a lexical source 238
12 4 Concluding remarks 245
13 Categorial divergences 247
13 1 Introduction 247
13 2 Lexical and phrasal category divergence 248
13 3 Isomorphic subgrammars within one grammar 251
13 3 1 Non-propositional subgrammars 252
13 3 2 Prepositional subgrammars 253
13 3 3 Concluding remarks 261
13 4 Subdivision of subgrammars 262
13 5 Partial isomorphy of subgrammars 267
13 6 Multiple divergence 268
13 7 Other solutions for categorial divergences 270
13 8 Concluding remarks 275
Xll
14 Temporal expressions 277
14 1 Introduction 277
14 2 Description of temporal expressions 280
14 2 1 Tense and aspect • 280
14 2 2 Temporal adverbials 282
14 3 Meaning and form 283
14 3 1 Modelling time: extending Reichenbach 283
14 3 2 Correspondence between time model and linguistic forms 286
14 3 3 Inherent temporal properties 287
14 4 Translation of temporal expressions 289
14 41A Compositional approach to the translation of temporal ex-
pressions 289
14 4 2 Application in Rosetta 299
14 5 Concluding remarks 305
15 Idioms and complex predicates 307
15 1 Introduction 307
15 1 1 Idioms 307
15 1 2 Translation idioms 308
15 1 3 Collocations 308
15 2 Idioms 309
15 2 1 Syntactic behaviour 310
15 2 2 The syntactic treatment of idioms 314
15 2 3 Translation relation and lexical representation 315
15 2 4 Translation idioms 318
15 2 5 The recognition of idioms 319
15 2 6 Fixed idioms 321
15 3 Complex predicates 322
15 3 1 Translation relation and the dictionary 322
15 3 2 Argument merge 324
15 4 Practical aspects 326
15 5 Concluding remarks 327
16 Scope and negation 329
16 1 Introduction 329
16 2 Scope and negation 330
16 2 1 Jackendoff s principle 330
16 2 2 Quantifiers with a negative counterpart 332
16 2 3 Non-scope-sensitive quantifiers 332
16 2 4 Subdivision of quantifiers 333
16 3 Application in Rosetta: Right-Left Substitution 334
X1U
16 3 1 Scope 334
16 3 2 Negation 336
16 3 3 Remarks 338
16 4 Translation problems 338
16 4 1 Problems with switch of arguments 339
16 4 2 Quantifiers in negative context 339
16 5 Solutions 342
16 5 1 Optional [+Q]-shift 343
16 5 2 Adaptation of condition II 345
16 53A bonus system 346
16 6 Concluding remarks 349
PART V: FORMAL ASPECTS
17 The formal definition of M-grammars 353
17 1 Introduction 353
17 2 Trees: terminology and formalisation 354
17 2 1 S-trees 354
17 2 2 Derivation trees 355
17 2 3 5-trees 357
17 3 Free M-grammars 360
17 3 1 Informal introduction 360
17 3 2 The syntactic component 361
17 3 3 The semantic component 365
17 3 4 The morphological component 366
17 3 5 Conditions on M-grammars 366
17 3 6 Isomorphic M-grammars 367
17 4 Controlled M-grammars 369
17 5 Concluding remarks 376
18 An attribute grammar view 379
18 1 Introduction 379
18 2 Surface grammars 380
18 3 M-grammars 383
18 4 Concluding remarks 387
19 An algebraic view 389
19 1 Introduction 389
19 2 Basic universal algebra 390
19 2 1 Algebras 390
19 2 2 Generators 391
XIV
19 2 3 Terms 392
19 2 4 Homomorphisms and isomorphisms 393
19 2 5 Polynomials 394
19 3 An algebraic model for compositional translation 394
19 3 1 Introduction 394
19 3 2 Syntax 395
19 3 3 Translations 396
19 3 4 Sets of synonymous translations 398
19 3 5 Ambiguities in translations 399
19 3 6 Summary 400
19 4 Rosetta and the algebraic model 400
19 4 1 Free M-grammars as algebras 400
19 4 2 Control as conditions for application 402
19 4 3 Rules and transformations as polynomials 404
19 4 4 Lexicon as generating set 406
19 4 5 The translation relation as a homomorphism 406
19 4 6 Conclusions 407
19 5 Other examples of compositional translation 407
19 5 1 Related work 407
19 5 2 Other proposals that are compositional 408
19 5 3 Other applications of compositional translation 409
19 6 Power of compositional translation 411
19 6 1 Generative power 411
19 6 2 Reversibility and complexity 412
19 6 3 Translation power 414
19 7 Concluding remarks 416
20 Software engineering aspects 417
20 1 Introduction 417
20 2 Design decisions 418
20 3 Lingware 420
20 4 Configuration management 422
20 5 Concluding remarks 422
21 Conclusion 425
21 1 Introduction 425
21 2 The method 425
21 2 1 Results 425
21 2 2 Problems 426
21 3 M-grammar formalism 427
21 3 1 Results 427
XV
21 3 2 Problems 429
21 4 Lingware 430
21 4 1 Results 430
21 4 2 Evaluation 431
21 4 3 Problems 432
21 5 Implementation 433
21 6 Alternative system design 434
21 7 Towards applications 436
21 8 Final remarks 438
Bibliography 439
Subject and author index 457
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:46:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0792394623 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Rosetta, M. T. Verfasser aut Compositional translation by M. T. Rosetta Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 1994 XVIII, 478 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 273 Automatisch vertalen gtt Machine translating Maschinelle Übersetzung (DE-588)4003966-3 gnd rswk-swf Maschinelle Übersetzung (DE-588)4003966-3 s DE-604 The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 273 (DE-604)BV023545171 273 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006723529&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rosetta, M. T. Compositional translation The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science Automatisch vertalen gtt Machine translating Maschinelle Übersetzung (DE-588)4003966-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003966-3 |
| title | Compositional translation |
| title_auth | Compositional translation |
| title_exact_search | Compositional translation |
| title_full | Compositional translation by M. T. Rosetta |
| title_fullStr | Compositional translation by M. T. Rosetta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compositional translation by M. T. Rosetta |
| title_short | Compositional translation |
| title_sort | compositional translation |
| topic | Automatisch vertalen gtt Machine translating Maschinelle Übersetzung (DE-588)4003966-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Automatisch vertalen Machine translating Maschinelle Übersetzung |
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