The geography of poverty and wealth: evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Undetermined |
| Published: |
Warwick
Inst. for Employment Research
1994
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 160 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0951576313 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Green, Anne E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The geography of poverty and wealth |b evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 |c Anne E. Green |
| 264 | 1 | |a Warwick |b Inst. for Employment Research |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 160 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables iii
List of Figures iv
Preface vii
Summary ix
PART 1 : CONTEXT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 The Importance of a Spatial Perspective 2
1.2 Scope of the Report 3
1.3 Summary 4
2. DATA SOURCES FOR SPATIAL ANALYSES OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 5
2.1 Key Attributes of Data Sources 5
2.2 Data Sources Available 5
2.3 Assessment of the Census of Population 5
2.4 Areal Frameworks for Analyses 7
2.5 Summary 9
3. IDENTIFICATION OF INDICATORS OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 10
3.1 Measuring Poverty and Wealth 10
3.2 Desired Attributes of Indicators 10
3.3 Review of Previous Studies 10
3.4 Indicators Selected for Analysis 11
3.5 Relationships between Indicators 15
3.6 Summary 16
PART 2 : SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 17
4. THE DEGREE OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 18
4.1 The Degree of Poverty 18
4.2 The Degree of Wealth 31
4.3 Classifying Areas on Experience of Change in the Degree of Poverty
and Wealth, 1981 1991 38
4.4 Summary 41
5. THE EXTENT OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 42
5.1 The Extent of Poverty 42
5.2 The Extent of Wealth 46
5.3 Continuity and Change in the Extent of Poverty and Wealth, 1981 1991 48
5.4 Summary 53
6. THE INTENSITY OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 54
6.1 The Intensity of Poverty 54
6.2 The Intensity of Wealth 55
6.3 Summary 56
i
7. SYNTHESIS OF KEY FEATURES OF THE MAIN CONTOURS AND CHANGING
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POVERTY AND WEALTH, 1981 1991 57
7.1 Comparisons of Degree, Extent and Intensity 57
7.2 Synthesis Across Different Indicators and Different Geographical Scales:
Identification of Concentrated Poverty and Concentrated Wealth Areas 64
7.3 Summary 80
PART 3 : SPATIAL SEGREGATION OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 83
8. THE MEASUREMENT OF SEGREGATION 84
8.1 A Review of Segregation Measures 84
8.2 Measures of Segregation Used in Analyses 84
8.3 Summary 85
9. THE CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY AND WEALTH 86
9.1 The Concentration Of Poverty 86
9.2 The Concentration of Wealth 87
9.3 Change in the Concentration of Poverty and Wealth, 1981 1991 87
9.4 Summary 88
10. THE ISOLATION OF THE POOR AND THE WEALTHY 89
10.1 The Isolation of the Poor 89
10.2 The Isolation of the Wealthy 91
10.3 Change in the Isolation of the Poor and the Wealthy, 1981 1991 91
10.4 Summary 93
PART 4 : CONCLUSIONS 95
11. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 96
11.1 Summary of the Main Findings and their Implications 96
11.2 Investigating the Ethnic Dimension 99
11.3 Selected Possible Directions for Future Research 101
11.4 Summary 101
REFERENCES 103
APPENDICES
1. Rankings of LADs on Spatial Distribution and Segregation Measures 107
2. Experience of Change by OPCS Category : Poverty and Wealth Indicators 145
3. Selected Analyses of Ethnicity Data 153
ii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
2.1 Key characteristics of alternative data sources 6
2.2 11 fold OPCS categorisation of LADs 8
2.3 8 fold urban size/regional location categorisation of LLMAs 8
3.1 Poverty indicators operationalised 11
3.2 Wealth Indicators operationalised 12
3.3 Correlation matrix: poverty indicators, 1991 15
3.4 Correlation matrix: wealth indicators, 1991 16
4.1 Unemployment rate: rankings of LLMAs on degree measure 20
4.2 Inactivity rate persons aged 20 59: rankings of LLMAs on degree measure 21
4.3 Change in selected poverty indicators by OPCS category, 1981 91 25
4.4 Change in selected wealth indicators by OPCS category, 1981 91 33
4.5 Experience of change categories 38
5.1 Unemployment rate: rankings of LLMAs on extent measure 42
5.2 Inactivity rate persons aged 20 59: rankings of LLMAs on extent measure 45
5.3 Number of LADs with wards in the top and bottom decile groups of
the national distribution of wards on selected indicators, 1991 and 1981 48
5.4 Standard radius statistics for selected poverty indicators, 1991 and 1981 49
6.1 Unemployment rate: rankings of LLMAs on intensity measure 54
6.2 Inactivity rate persons aged 20 59: rankings of LLMAs on intensity measure 55
6.3 Selected wealth indicators: rankings of LADs on intensity measure, 1991 56
7.1 Unemployment rate, 1991: rankings of LLMAs on degree, extent and intensity
measures 57
7.2 Inactivity rate persons aged 20 59, 1991 rankings of LLMAs on degree,
extent and intensity measures 58
7.3 The London experience: A. economically active in employment: rankings of
London boroughs on measure of degree; B. economically active not in
employment: rankings of London boroughs on measure of extent 62
7.4 Categorisation of poverty indicators 64
7.5 Categorisation of wealth indicators 64
7.6 Numbers of concentrated poverty areas, 1991 and 1981 65
7.7 Concentrated poverty areas: the LLMA scale 65
7.8 Concentrated poverty areas: the LAD scale 66
7.9 Numbers of concentrated wealth areas, 1991 and 1981 70
7.10 Concentrated wealth areas: the LLMA scale 71
7.11 Concentrated wealth areas: the LAD scale 72
9.1 Rankings of LLMAs on the index of dissimilarity: a. unemployment rate;
b. inactivity rate 20 59 year olds 86
10.1 Rankings of LLMAs on the index of isolation: a: unemployment rate;
b. inactivity rate 20 59 year olds 89
10.2 Unemployment rate: rankings of LLMAs and LADs on change in index of
isolation scores, 1981 1991 92
11.1 Proportion of households with no economically active residents earning:
rankings of LADs on degree, extent and intensity measures, 1991 96
11.2 Proportion of households with no earners: rankings of LADs on degree,
extent and intensity measures, 1991 97
11.3 Proportion of households with two or more earners: rankings of LADs on
degree, extent and intensity measures, 1991 98
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
3.1 National distribution of wards median values by decile group: SEG class of
indicators 12
3.2 National distribution of wards median values by decile group: poverty
indicators 13
3.3 National distribution of wards median values by decile group: wealth indicators 14
4.1 Patterns of variation in the degree of poverty by LLMA 19
4.2 Urban size/regional location variations in no car households 22
4.3 Urban size/regional location variations in unemployment 23
4.4 No car households by selected OPCS categories 26
4.5 Unemployment rate by selected OPCS categories 27
4.6 Distribution of renter households by decile group: OPCS categories 28
4.7 Patterns of variation in the degree of wealth by LLMA, households with 2
or more cars, 1991 32
4.8 Patterns of variation in the degree of wealth by LLMA: professionals
managers, 1981 and 1991 32
4.9 2 or more car households by selected OPCS categories 34
4.10 Distribution of highly qualified adults by decile group: OPCS categories 36
4.11 Experience of change on selected poverty indicators 39
4.12 Experience of change on selected wealth indicators 40
5.1 Patterns of variation in the extent of unemployment by LLMA, 1981 and 1991 43
5.2 Patterns of variation in the extent of inactivity by LLMA, 1981 and 1991 44
5.3 Patterns of variation in the extent of 2 or more car ownership by LLMA,
1981 and 1991 47
5.4 Continuity and change in the extent of high unemployment rates, 1981 1991:
London 50
5.5 Continuity and change in the extent of high unemployment rates, 1981 1991:
north east England 51
5.6 Continuity and change in the extent of high unemployment rates, 1981 1991:
Merseyside 52
7.1 Increasing degree and increasing extent of poverty: selected indicators by
OPCS category 59
7.2 Increasing degree and increasing extent of wealth: selected indicators by OPCS
category 60
7.3 Proportion of the economically active in employment: London boroughs: a. 1981;
b. 1991 63
7.4 Distribution of concentrated poverty LADs by OPCS category, 1981 and 1991 66
7.5 Concentrated poverty wards in London, 1981 and 1991 67
7.6 Concentrated poverty wards by OPCS category, 1981 and 1991 68
7.7 Distribution of concentrated poverty wards by OPCS category, 1991 68
7.8 Concentrated poverty wards in Britain, 1981 and 1991 69
7.9 Distribution of concentrated wealth LADs by OPCS category, 1981 and 1991 71
7.10 Concentrated wealth wards in south east England, 1981 and 1991 73
7.11 Distribution of concentrated wealth wards by OPCS category, 1991 74
7.12 Concentrated wealth wards in Britain, 1981 and 1991 75
7.13a Concentrated poverty wards in the Mersey Humber belt, 1981 and 1991 76
7.13b Concentrated wealth wards in the Mersey Humber belt, 1981 and 1991 77
7.14a Concentrated poverty1 wards in Wales, 1981 and 1991 78
7.14b Concentrated welath wards in Wales, 1981 and 1991 79
7.15 Concentrated wealth wards by OPCS category, 1981 and 1991 80
iv
10.1 Index of isolation scores by LLMA: selected poverty indicators, 1991 90
10.2 Change in unemployment rate index of isolation scores by LLMA, 1981 1991 92
11.1 Proportion of ethnic group populations residing in extreme poverty wards:
selected indicators, 1991 100
11.2 Proportion of ethnic group populations residing in extreme wealth wards:
selected indicators, 1991 100
v
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| spelling | Green, Anne E. Verfasser aut The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 Anne E. Green Warwick Inst. for Employment Research 1994 XVIII, 160 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1981-1991 gnd rswk-swf Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd rswk-swf Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 s Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 s Geschichte 1981-1991 z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006638463&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Green, Anne E. The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121550-3 (DE-588)4128492-6 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 |
| title_auth | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 |
| title_exact_search | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 |
| title_full | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 Anne E. Green |
| title_fullStr | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 Anne E. Green |
| title_full_unstemmed | The geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 Anne E. Green |
| title_short | The geography of poverty and wealth |
| title_sort | the geography of poverty and wealth evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population 1991 and 1981 |
| title_sub | evidence on the changing spatial distribution and segregation of poverty and wealth from the census of population, 1991 and 1981 |
| topic | Räumliche Verteilung (DE-588)4121550-3 gnd Wohlstand (DE-588)4128492-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Räumliche Verteilung Wohlstand Großbritannien |
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