The geological deformation of sediments:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London u.a.
Chapman & Hall
1994
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 362 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0412405903 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The geological deformation of sediments |c ed. by Alex Maltman |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Chapman & Hall |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 362 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Sédiments (Géologie) | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sédiments (Géologie) |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rock deformation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sediments (Geology) | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804124305057906688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | The Geological
Deformation of
Sediments
Edited by Alex Maltman
Institute of Earth Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
CHAPMAN amp; HALL mMM
London • Glasgow • Weinheim • New York • Tokyo • Melbourne • Madras
Contents
List of contributors ix
Editor s preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Chapter 1 Introduction and overview
Alex Maltman
1 1 General considerations 1
111 Terminology: sediment, lith-
ification and deforma
tion 1
Mechanical aspects 6
121 General 6
122 Volume changes due to
burial 6
123 Sediment strength 8
124 Sediment deformation 9
125 Mechanical role of pore
fluids 12
126 Experimentation 16
Causes of deformation 16
131 Ice 16
132 Disturbance in place 17
133 Gravitational mass move
ment — 23
134 Fluid-sediment movements 27
135 Tectonism 29
136 Igneous activity 32
Melanges as a case history 34
Chapter 2 Mechanical principles of sediment
deformation
Mervyn Jones
2 1 Introduction 37
2 2 Mechanics of particulate media in
theory and experiment 39
221 Force, stress and strain 39
222 States of stress and strain in
a body 42
223 Pore pressure, effective
stress and porosity 44
224 Primary consolidation and
creep 48
225 Shear stress and deforma
tion 51
226 Other stress paths and asso
ciated strain states 60
227 Over- and underconsolida-
tion 64
2 3 Natural stress, strain and pore
pressure 66
231 General 66
232 Earth pressure and one-
dimensional compaction 67
233 Natural shear stress and de
formation 68
234 Origin of overpressures in
sediments 70
2 4 Conclusions 71
Chapter 3 Glacial deformation
Tavi Murray
3 1 Introduction 73
3 2 Subglacial conditions 74
321 General 74
322 Bed type 74
323 Thermal regime 75
324 The ice-bed interface 76
3 2-5 Bed thickness 77
326 Realistic basal conditions 77
3 3 Stresses arising from overlying
ice 78
331 General 78
332 Compressive stresses 78
333 Shear stresses 79
3 4 Sediment properties 79
3 5 The sediment transport system:
production, alteration and loss 81
vi Contents
3 6 Models of sediment properties and
deformation 82
361 General 82
362 Deformation of a homogen
eous sediment body 82
363 Deformation of a structured
sediment body - anisotropy
and inhomogeneity 84
3 7 Basal processes as a control on
deformation 85
371 Hydraulic processes 85
372 The consolidation-dilation
competition 86
3 8 Effects of deformation 87
381 General 87
382 Features arising from con
solidation 87
383 Features arising from shear
deformation 88
384 Development of sediment
form 89
385 Sediments beneath surge-
type glaciers 91
3 9 Preservation of features 91
3 10 Other types of glacial deformation 92
3 10 1 Proglacial deformation 92
3 10 2 Deformation of frozen-sub-
strates-basal-ice 92
3 11 Conclusion 93
Chapter 4 Sedimentary deformatlonal struc-
tures
John Collinson
4 1 Introduction 95
4 2 Principles of physical disturbance 95
4 3 Physical deformation structures 99
431 Partial loss of strength and
density inversion 99
432 Structures due to progress
ive loading of cohesive sedi
ment 103
433 Partial loss of strength and
applied shear 105
434 Structures related to up
wards escape of pore water
and sediment-water mixtures 108
435 Synsedimentary faults 113
436 Structures due to sediment
shrinkage 114
437 Structures due to sediment
wetting 117
438 Deformation related to com
paction 117
439 Deformation related to early
chemical precipitation 118
4 4 Conclusion 124
Chapter 5 Mass movements
Ole Martinsen
5 1 Introduction 127
511 General 127
512 Classification schemes 127
513 Basic theory 128
5 2 Falls 130
521 Introduction 130
522 Rock falls 130
523 Debris falls 131
5 3 Fluidal flows 133
531 Introduction 133
532 Turbidity currents 133
533 Flows related to volcanic
eruptions 135
534 Snow- and ice-generated
(avalanching) flows 138
535 Fluidized flows 140
5 4 Flows with plastic behaviour 140
541 Introduction 140
542 Debris flows 140
543 Liquefied flows 142
544 Grain flows 143
5 5 Slumps 144
551 Introduction 144
552 Process 145
553 Products 147
5 6 Slides 152
561 Introduction 152
562 Process 153
563 Products 157
5 7 Creep 162
571 Introduction 162
572 Process 162
573 Products 164
Contents vii
Chapter 6 Tectonic deformation: stress paths
and strain histories
Dan Karig and Julie Morgan
6 1 Introduction
6 2 Stress paths during burial and up
lift of sediments in basins
621 General
622 Laboratory studies of con
solidation
623 Effects of geological pro
cesses not duplicated in lab
oratory experiments
624 Theoretical stress paths du
ring sediment deposition
and unloading
625 In situ measurements of
stress in sediments
626 Geological implications
from theoretical and meas
ured stresses
6 3 Stress paths associated with defor
mation in accretionary prisms
631 General
632 Lagrangian description of
sediment accretion
633 Large-scale variations
among prisms and mechan
ical implications
634 Diffuse strains in prism toes
635 Experimental studies
636 Implications for the defor-
mational histories of ac
creted sediments from ob
servation and experiment
6 4 Conclusions
Chapter 7 Fluids in deforming sediments
Kevin Brown
7 1 Introduction
7 2 Some basic hydrogeological con
cepts
7 3 Fluid sources and the nature of the
tectonic processes driving fluid flow
731 General
732 Consolidation and swelling
185 7-5
733 Transient fluid sources
and sinks generated by
faulting 212
734 Response of poorly-lithified
sediments 214
735 Response of well-lithified
sediments 215
736 Chemical sources of fluid:
cementation, hydrocarbon
generation and mineral de
hydration 218
7 4 Control of lithology and burial-
related consolidation on the per
meability of sedimentary units 220
741 General 220
742 Permeability anisotropy
resulting from consolida
tion 222
743 Equivalent permeabilities
and gross permeability an
isotropy 224
Permeability variations due to
deformation in active tectonic
systems: fractures, faults and
gouge 224
751 General 224
752 Permeability changes in
muddy fault zone materials 225
753 Permeability changes in
fault zones in sands and
sandstones 226
7 6 Permeability changes at low effec
tive stresses 230
761 General 230
762 Extensional failure where
the least principal effective
compressive stress is ten-
sional 230
763 Open-fracture development
in the absence of regional
tensional stresses: load-par
allel extensional fractures 233
764 Stress amplification mech
anisms 234
7 7 Effect of deformation on the tor
tuosity of flow paths at different
scales 235
7 8 Discussion: transience and the inti
mate coupling of hydrogeological
and tectonic processes 236
viii Contents
Chapter 8 Sediment deformation, dewatering and
diagenesis: illustrations from selected melange
zones
Tim Byrne
Introduction
Progressive deformation and de-
watering in the Nankai accretion-
ary prism
Progressive deformation of coher
ent sediments in the Kodiak ac-
cretionary prism
Progressive deformation of me
lange terranes in the Kodiak ac-
cretionary prism
Deformation and fluid evolution in
an accretionary sequence in west
ern Washington
Conclusions
Chapter 9 Deformation structures preserved in
rocks
Alex Maltman
9 2 Techniques of examination 261
9 3 Microfabrics 265
9 4 Micro- to macroscopic structures 268
941 Shear zones 268
942 Slickensides 273
943 Scaly clay and related fea
tures 275
9 5 Macro- to mesoscopic structures 277
951 Faults, folds and related
structures 277
952 Liquefaction structures 285
953 Dewatering structures 287
9 6 Recognition of sediment deforma
tion structures 292
961 General 292
962 Importance of recognizing
pre-lithification deforma
tion 300
963 Outline of possible criteria 302
9 1 Introduction
Appendix: List of symbols 309
References 311
261 Index 355
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:43:33Z |
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| isbn | 0412405903 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIII, 362 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
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| spelling | The geological deformation of sediments ed. by Alex Maltman 1. ed. London u.a. Chapman & Hall 1994 XIII, 362 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sédiments (Géologie) Sédiments (Géologie) ram Rock deformation Sediments (Geology) Deformation Geologie (DE-588)4409345-7 gnd rswk-swf Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd rswk-swf Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 s Deformation Geologie (DE-588)4409345-7 s DE-604 Maltman, Alex 1944- Sonstige (DE-588)12859327X oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006583883&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The geological deformation of sediments Sédiments (Géologie) Sédiments (Géologie) ram Rock deformation Sediments (Geology) Deformation Geologie (DE-588)4409345-7 gnd Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4409345-7 (DE-588)4054079-0 |
| title | The geological deformation of sediments |
| title_auth | The geological deformation of sediments |
| title_exact_search | The geological deformation of sediments |
| title_full | The geological deformation of sediments ed. by Alex Maltman |
| title_fullStr | The geological deformation of sediments ed. by Alex Maltman |
| title_full_unstemmed | The geological deformation of sediments ed. by Alex Maltman |
| title_short | The geological deformation of sediments |
| title_sort | the geological deformation of sediments |
| topic | Sédiments (Géologie) Sédiments (Géologie) ram Rock deformation Sediments (Geology) Deformation Geologie (DE-588)4409345-7 gnd Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sédiments (Géologie) Rock deformation Sediments (Geology) Deformation Geologie Sediment |
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