International stratigraphic guide: a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Trondheim
Internat. Union of Geological Sciences u.a.
1994
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 214 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0813774012 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International stratigraphic guide |b a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure |c Amos Salvador, ed. |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Trondheim |b Internat. Union of Geological Sciences u.a. |c 1994 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword.....................................................................xi
Preface......................................................................xiii
Preface to First Edition.......................................................xvii
Chapter 1. Introduction .......................................................1
A. Origin and Purposes of the Guide.........................................1
B. Composition of Subcommission..........................................2
C. Preparation and Revision of the Guide....................................3
D. Spirit of the Guide......................................................4
E. National and Regional Stratigraphie Codes................................4
F. Alternative or Dissenting Views..........................................5
Chapter 2. Principles of Stratigraphie Classification...............................7
A. General...............................................................7
B. Categories of Stratigraphie Classification..................................7
C. Distinguishing Terminologies for Each Category...........................9
D. Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units.............................9
E. Incompleteness of the Rock Record......................................11
Chapter 3. Definitions and Procedures..........................................13
A. Definitions...........................................................13
1. Stratigraphy......................................................13
2. Stratum..........................................................14
3. Stratigraphie Classification.........................................14
4. Stratigraphie Unit.................................................14
5. Stratigraphie Terminology.........................................14
a. Formal......................................................14
b. Informal.....................................................14
6. Stratigraphie Nomenclature........................................15
in
iv Contents
7. Zone............................................................15
8. Horizon.........................................................15
9. Correlation......................................................15
10. Geochronology..................................................16
11. Geochronologic Unit.............................................16
12. Geochronometry.................................................16
13. Fades..........................................................16
14. Caution Against Preempting General Terms for Special Meanings.....16
B. Procedures for Establishing and Revising Stratigraphie Units...............17
1. Definition, Characterization, and Description........................17
a. Name......................................................17
b. Stratotypes and Other Standards of Reference...................17
c. Description of Unit at Stratotype or Type Locality...............18
d. Regional Aspects............................................18
e. Geologic Age...............................................18
f. Correlation with Other Units..................................18
g. Genesis....................................................18
h. References to the Literature...................................18
2. Special Requirements for Establishing Subsurface Units..............18
a. Designation of Well or Mine..................................19
b. Geologic Logs..............................................19
c. Geophysical Logs and Profiles................................19
d. Depositories................................................19
3. Naming of Stratigraphie Units.....................................19
a. Geographic Component of Names of Stratigraphie Units.........20
i. Source................................................20
ii. Spelling of Geographic Names...........................20
iii. Changes in Geographic Names..........................21
iv. Inappropriate Geographic Names........................21
v. Duplication of Geographic Names........................21
vi. Names for Subdivisions of Stratigraphie Units.............21
b. Unit-term Component of Names of Stratigraphie Units...........21
c. Relation of Names to Political Boundaries......................21
d. Reduction in Number of Names Through Correlation............21
e. Uncertainty in Assignment...................................22
f. Abandoned Names..........................................22
g. Preservation of Traditional and Well-Established Names.........22
4. Publication......................................................23
a. A Recognized Scientific Medium.............................23
b. Priority....................................................23
c. Recommended Editorial Procedures...........................23
i. Capitalization..........................................24
ii. Hyphenation...........................................24
iii. Repetition of Complete Name...........................24
5. Revision or Redefinition of Previously Established Stratigraphie Units . 24
Contents v
Chapter 4. Stratotypes and Type Localities......................................25
A. Stratotypes in the Definition and Characterization of Stratigraphie Units.....25
1. Standard Definitions.............................................25
2. Reference to a Specific Rock Section...............................25
B. Definitions...........................................................26
1. Stratotype (Type Section).........................................26
2. Unit-stratotype..................................................26
3. Boundary-stratotype..............................................26
4. Composite-stratotype.............................................26
5. Type Locality...................................................26
6. Type Area (or Type Region).......................................27
7. Holo-, Para-, Neo-, Lecto-, and Hypostratotypes.....................27
a. Holostratotype..............................................28
b. Parastratotype...............................................28
c. Lectostratotype.............................................28
d. Neostratotype...............................................28
e. Hypostratotype..............................................28
C. Requirements for Stratotypes (Type Sections).............................28
1. Expression of Concept............................................28
2. Description......................................................29
3. Identification and Marking........................................29
4. Accessibility and Assurance of Preservation.........................29
5. Subsurface Stratotypes............................................30
6. Acceptability....................................................30
D. Requirements for Type Localities of Nonlayered Igneous
or Metamorphic Rock Bodies...........................................30
Chapter 5. Lithostratigraphic Units............................................31
A. Nature of Lithostratigraphic Units.......................................31
B. Definitions...........................................................31
1. Lithostratigraphy.................................................31
2. Lithostratigraphic Classification...................................31
3. Lithostratigraphic Unit............................................31
C. Kinds of Lithostratigraphic Units........................................33
1. Formal Lithostratigraphic Units....................................33
2. Formation.......................................................33
3. Member........................................................34
4. Bed............................................................34
5. Flow...........................................................35
6. Group..........................................................35
7. Supergroup and Subgroup.........................................35
8. Complex........................................................36
9. Lithostratigraphic Horizon (Lithohorizon)...........................36
10. Informal Lithostratigraphic Units..................................36
D. Procedures for Establishing Lithostratigraphic Units.......................36
vi Contents
1. Stratotypes and Type Localities as Standards of Definition............36
2. Boundaries......................................................38
3. Unconformities and Hiatuses......................................38
E. Procedures for Extending Lithostratigraphic
Units—Lithostratigraphic Correlation....................................39
1. Use of Indirect Evidence for Identification of
Units and Their Boundaries.......................................39
2. Marker Beds Used as Boundaries..................................39
F. Naming of Lithostratigraphic Units......................................39
1. General.........................................................39
2. Geographic Component of Name..................................40
3. Lithologie Component of Name...................................40
4. Some Special Aspects of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks............41
G. Revision of Lithostratigraphic Units.....................................43
Chapter 6. Unconformity-bounded Units.......................................45
A. Nature of Unconformity-bounded Units..................................45
B. Definitions...........................................................46
1. Unconformity-bounded Unit......................................46
2. Unconformity...................................................48
a. Angular Unconformity.......................................48
b. Disconformity..............................................48
c. Diastem....................................................48
C. Kinds of Unconformity-bounded Units...................................48
D. Hierarchy of Unconformity-bounded Units...............................48
E. Procedures for Establishing Unconformity-bounded Units..................49
F. Procedures for Extending Unconformity-bounded Units....................50
G. Naming of Unconformity-bounded Units.................................50
H. Revision of Unconformity-bounded Units................................51
Chapter 7. Biostratigraphic Units..............................................53
A. Nature of Biostratigraphic Units.........................................53
B. The Fossils...........................................................54
1. Value of Fossils..................................................54
2. Fossil Assemblages..............................................54
3. Reworked Fossils................................................54
4. Introduced or Infiltrated Fossils....................................55
5. Effects of Stratigraphie Condensation..............................55
C. Definitions...........................................................55
1. Biostratigraphy..................................................55
2. Biostratigraphic Classification.....................................55
3. Biostratigraphic Zone (Biozone)...................................55
4. Biostratigraphic Horizon (Biohorizon)..............................56
5. Subbiozone (Subzone)............................................56
6. Superbiozone (Superzone)........................................56
Contents vii
7. Zonule..........................................................56
8. Barren Intervals..................................................56
D. Kinds of Biostratigraphic Units.........................................56
1. General.........................................................56
2. Range Zone.....................................................57
a. Taxon-range Zone...........................................57
i. Definition.............................................57
ii. Boundaries............................................57
iii. Name.................................................57
iv. Local Range of a Taxon.................................58
b. Concurrent-range Zone......................................58
i. Definition.............................................58
ii. Boundaries............................................58
iii. Name.................................................58
3. Interval Zone....................................................59
a. Definition..................................................59
b. Boundaries.................................................60
c. Name......................................................60
4. Lineage Zone....................................................61
a. Definition..................................................61
b. Boundaries.................................................62
c. Name......................................................62
5. Assemblage Zone................................................62
a. Definition..................................................62
b. Boundaries.................................................63
c. Name......................................................63
6. Abundance Zone.................................................63
a. Definition..................................................63
b. Boundaries.................................................64
c. Name......................................................64
E. Hierarchy of Biostratigraphic Units......................................64
F. Procedures for Establishing Biostratigraphic Units.........................65
G. Procedures for Extending Biostratigraphic Units—
Biostratigraphic Correlation............................................65
H. Naming of Biostratigraphic Units........................................66
I. Revision of Biostratigraphic Units.......................................67
Chapter 8. Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units..................................69
A. Nature of Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units............................69
B. Definitions...........................................................70
1. Magnetostratigraphy.............................................70
2. Magnetostratigraphic Classification................................70
3. Magnetostratigraphic Unit (Magnetozone)..........................71
4. Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Classification.........................71
5. Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Unit.................................71
viii Contents
6. Magnetostratigraphic Polarity-reversal Horizons and Polarity-
transition Zones..................................................7i
C. Kinds of Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units.............................71
D. Procedures for Establishing Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units............71
E. Procedures for Extending Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units..............72
F. Naming of Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units...........................73
G. Revision of Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Units...........................74
Chapter 9. Chronostratigraphic Units...........................................77
A. Nature of Chronostratigraphic Units.....................................77
B. Definitions...........................................................77
1. Chronostratigraphy................................................77
2. Chronostratigraphic Classification...................................77
a. To Determine Local Time Relations............................77
b. To Establish a Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale.........77
3. Chronostratigraphic Unit...........................................78
4. Chronostratigraphic Horizon (Chronohorizon)........................78
C. Kinds of Chronostratigraphic Units......................................78
1. Hierarchy of Formal Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic
Unit-terms.......................................................78
2. Stage (and Age)...................................................78
a. Definition...................................................78
b. Boundaries and Stratotypes....................................79
c. Time Span...................................................79
d. Name.......................................................80
3. Substage and Superstage...........................................80
4. Series (and Epoch)................................................80
a. Definition...................................................80
b. Boundaries and Boundary-stratotypes...........................80
c. Time Span...................................................81
d. Name.......................................................81
e. Misuse of Series ............................................81
5. System (and Period)...............................................81
a. Definition...................................................81
b. Boundaries and Boundary-stratotypes...........................81
c. Time Span...................................................82
d. Name.......................................................82
6. Erathem (and Era).................................................82
7. Eonothem (and Eon)...............................................83
8. Nonhierarchical Formal Chronostratigraphic Units—
The Chronozone..................................................83
a. Definition...................................................83
b. Time Span...................................................83
c. Geographic Extent............................................84
d. Name.......................................................84
Contents ix
D. The Standard Global Chronostratigraphic (Geochronologic) Scale ..........85
1. Concept..........................................................85
2. Present Status.....................................................85
E. Regional Chronostratigraphic Scales.....................................85
F. Subdivision of the Precambrian.........................................87
G. Quaternary Chronostratigraphic Units ...................................88
H. Procedures for Establishing Chronostratigraphic Units.....................88
1. Boundary-stratotypes as Standards..................................88
2. Advantage of Defining Chronostratigraphic Units by Their Lower
Boundary-stratotypes..............................................90
3. Requirements for the Selection of Boundary-stratotypes of
Chronostratigraphic Units..........................................90
I. Procedures for Extending Chronostratigraphic Units—Chronocorrelation
(Time Correlation).....................................................92
1. Physical Interrelations of Strata.....................................92
2. Lithology........................................................92
3. Paleontology.....................................................93
4. Isotopic Age Determinations.......................................94
5. Geomagnetic Polarity Reversals....................................95
6. Paleoclimatic Changes.............................................96
7. Paleogeography and Eustatic Changes in Sea Level...................96
8. Unconformities...................................................96
9. Orogenies........................................................96
10. Other Indicators...................................................97
J. Naming of Chronostratigraphic Units....................................97
K. Revision of Chronostratigraphic Units...................................98
Chapter 10. Relation Between Different Kinds of Stratigraphie Units................99
Glossary of Stratigraphie Terms...............................................105
National or Regional Stratigraphie Codes.......................................143
Bibliography of Stratigraphie Classification, Terminology and Procedure...........149
Index.......................................................................207
|
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| spelling | Salvador, Amos Verfasser aut International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure Amos Salvador, ed. 2. ed. Trondheim Internat. Union of Geological Sciences u.a. 1994 XIX, 214 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stratigrafie gtt Stratigraphie ram Geology, Stratigraphic Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd rswk-swf Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006549352&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Salvador, Amos International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure Stratigrafie gtt Stratigraphie ram Geology, Stratigraphic Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4057956-6 |
| title | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure |
| title_auth | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure |
| title_exact_search | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure |
| title_full | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure Amos Salvador, ed. |
| title_fullStr | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure Amos Salvador, ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | International stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure Amos Salvador, ed. |
| title_short | International stratigraphic guide |
| title_sort | international stratigraphic guide a guide to stratigraphic classification terminology and procedure |
| title_sub | a guide to stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure |
| topic | Stratigrafie gtt Stratigraphie ram Geology, Stratigraphic Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stratigrafie Stratigraphie Geology, Stratigraphic |
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