Forest health: its assessment and status
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wallingford
CAB Internat.
1993
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 677 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0851987931 |
Staff View
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| 650 | 4 | |a Forêts - Dépérissement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Écologie forestière | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forest declines | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface ix
1 Forest Decline 1
Introduction 1
Definitions 2
Natural forest declines 5
Tree and forest declines around sources of pollution 31
Conclusion 39
2 Forest Decline and Air Pollution in North and Central America 40
Regional air pollution 40
The Forest Response Programme 65
Summary 135
3 Forest Declines in Europe 136
Introduction 136
Northern Czechoslovakia, Southern Poland and Eastern
Germany 136
Other European tree and forest declines 142
The decline of German forests 191
Forest decline in The Netherlands 193
Mediterranean forests 195
Discussion 196
4 Methods of Assessment 198
Introduction 198
Plot and tree selection 200
Contents
Visual assessments 203
Remote sensing 237
Non-visual assessments of individual tree condition 249
Conclusions 265
5 Quality Assurance 267
Introduction 267
The British programme in 1984 269
The British programme in 1985 269
The British programme in 1986 272
Quality assurance in 1987 275
Quality assurance 1988 and 1989 276
Quality assurance 1990 and 1991 276
Quality assurance in other countries 281
Changes during the assessment period 284
Quality assurance on a European scale 298
Summary 303
6 Assessment of Crown Transparency in Great Britain and
Elsewhere 305
Introduction 305
Crown transparency in Great Britain 307
International results 322
Conclusions 334
7 Assessment of Other Indices of Tree Condition 336
Dominance 336
Canopy closure 338
Crown form and defoliation type 339
Dead shoots in conifers 346
Crown dieback in broadleaves 348
Discoloration 352
Needle retention 359
Leader condition 363
Flowering in Scots pine 363
Fruiting 365
Secondary shoots in spruce 368
Epicormic branches on oak 369
Leaf-rolling in beech 370
Leaf size in beech 373
Premature leaf loss in beech 374
Presence of insects and fungal pathogens 375
Mechanical damage to the crown 376
Butt and stem damage 378
vi
Contents
Relationships between transparency, discoloration
and other indices 380
Conclusions 382
8 Soils and Forest Decline 383
Introduction 383
Acidification 383
Buffering and toxicity 409
Nitrogen saturation of forest soils 418
Soil amelioration 423
Conclusions 429
9 Foliar Analyses 431
Introduction 431
Changes in nutrition through time 434
Association between soil and foliar chemistry 436
Heavy metals 437
Air pollution and nutrition 438
Analyses of foliar composition in Forestry Commission
survey plots 444
Conclusions 447
10 Forest Decline and Increment in Europe 449
Introduction 449
Growth decreases 454
Abrupt growth changes 458
Growth increases 462
Crown transparency and growth 465
Wood quality 476
Forest decline, air pollution and the forest industry 479
Conclusions 481
11 Forest Condition in Great Britain and Continental Europe 482
Introduction 482
Environmental factors affecting crown condition in Great
Britain 482
General factors affecting trees in Great Britain 485
Environmental factors affecting recent tree condition in
Europe 498
Conclusions 499
12 Conclusions 500
Introduction 500
Evidence for large-scale forest declines today 500
The role of air pollution 501
vii
Contents
The role of management 509
The role of climate 510
Multiple stress 511
Remedial actions 512
Summary 512
Bibliography 514
Index 643
Vlll
|
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| isbn | 0851987931 |
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| spelling | Innes, John L. Verfasser aut Forest health its assessment and status John L. Innes Wallingford CAB Internat. 1993 X, 677 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Air - Pollution - Aspect de l'environnement Forêts - Dépérissement Écologie forestière Forest declines Forest ecology Ursache (DE-588)4062163-7 gnd rswk-swf Verbreitung (DE-588)4187586-2 gnd rswk-swf Waldsterben (DE-588)4117580-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Waldsterben (DE-588)4117580-3 s Ursache (DE-588)4062163-7 s DE-604 Verbreitung (DE-588)4187586-2 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006497392&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Innes, John L. Forest health its assessment and status Air - Pollution - Aspect de l'environnement Forêts - Dépérissement Écologie forestière Forest declines Forest ecology Ursache (DE-588)4062163-7 gnd Verbreitung (DE-588)4187586-2 gnd Waldsterben (DE-588)4117580-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4062163-7 (DE-588)4187586-2 (DE-588)4117580-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Forest health its assessment and status |
| title_auth | Forest health its assessment and status |
| title_exact_search | Forest health its assessment and status |
| title_full | Forest health its assessment and status John L. Innes |
| title_fullStr | Forest health its assessment and status John L. Innes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest health its assessment and status John L. Innes |
| title_short | Forest health |
| title_sort | forest health its assessment and status |
| title_sub | its assessment and status |
| topic | Air - Pollution - Aspect de l'environnement Forêts - Dépérissement Écologie forestière Forest declines Forest ecology Ursache (DE-588)4062163-7 gnd Verbreitung (DE-588)4187586-2 gnd Waldsterben (DE-588)4117580-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Air - Pollution - Aspect de l'environnement Forêts - Dépérissement Écologie forestière Forest declines Forest ecology Ursache Verbreitung Waldsterben Aufsatzsammlung |
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