Justice in Israel: a study of the Israeli judiciary
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Nijhoff
1994
|
| Series: | The Jerusalem Institute for Israeli studies
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 548 S. |
| ISBN: | 079232417X |
Staff View
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| adam_text | The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
Justice in Israel:
A Study of
the Israeli Judiciary
by
Shimon Shetreet
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF JUDICIAL
INDEPENDENCE: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES 7
1 England 7
2 The United States 11
3 Germany 13
4 Canada 16
5 Conclusion 18
3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POSITION OF JUDGES IN ISRAEL:
THE JEWISH LAW ROOTS 19
1 Introduction 19
2 The Unique Character of Jewish Law 19
3 Historical Perspective 21
4 Sources of Jewish Law 22
5 The Court System in Jewish Law 23
6 Standards of Judicial Conduct 25
7 The Jewish Magistry: The Attempt to Establish an Independent
Judicial System 29
8 Jewish Law and the Jewish State 31
4 THE POSITION OF JUDGES IN PALESTINE DURING THE OTTOMAN
PERIOD 35
1 Introduction 35
2 The Ottoman Legal System Prior to 1839 36
3 Legal Reform 38
4 Assessment of the Reform on the Eve of the British Entry
into Palestine - 1917 43
viii Justice in Israel
5 THE POSITION OF JUDGES IN MANDATORY PALESTINE 47
1 Introduction 47
2 Re-establishment of the Court System 48
3 The Court System of Mandated Palestine 49
4 The Position of the Judges in Mandatory Palestine 52
a) Judicial Appointments 52
b) Security of Tenure 54
c) Judicial Salaries 55
d) Judicial Inequality? 56
5 The Chief Justice 56
6 Case Study: The Jaffa Demolitions Case and the Resignation
of Chief Justice McDonnell: Judicial Subordination? 58
6 THE ISRAELI JUDICIARY IN THE FORMATIVE YEARS OF THE STATE
(1948-1953) 61
1 Introduction 61
2 Incorporation of Mandatory Law into the Israeli Legal System 62
3 Building Public Confidence in the New Judiciary 63
4 Formation of the Court System 65
5 Independence in Adjudication 67
6 Compliance with Court Rulings 68
7 Validating Legislation: The Rabbi Assaf Law 69
8 The Status of Judges 71
a) Matters of Protocol and Rank 71
b) Judicial Salaries 72
c) Appointments to the Court 73
d) Court Administration 76
7 CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF THE ISRAEU JUDICIARY 79
1 The Judges Law 1953 — Legislative History 79
2 The Court Law 84
3 Basic Law: Adjudication and Courts Law
(Consolidated Version) 1984 87
4 Reform of the Court System 89
8 THE ISRAEU JUDICIARY: GENERAL BACKGROUND 93
1 Introduction 93
2 The Court System 93
3 Labour Courts 99
4 Traffic Courts 100
5 Military Justice Courts 101
6 Religious Court System 105
Table of Contents ix
7 The Caseload of the Courts 108
8 Judges of the General Court System 110
9 Labour Judges 112
10 Traffic Court Judges 113
11 Registrars 113
12 Religious Court Judges 114
13 Military Court Judges 116
9 ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGES AND TRIBUNALS 121
1 Introduction 121
2 Historical Perspectives 122
3 Conceptual Background 123
4 Structure and Jurisdiction 124
5 Procedure 126
6 Judicial Review of Tribunals Decisions 126
7 Administration and Budgets of the Tribunals 127
8 Composition of the Tribunals 129
9 The Position and Independence of Administrative Judges 132
10 The Council of Administrative Tribunals 135
11 Additional Achievements of the Administrative Tribunals Law 137
12 Conclusion 138
10 JUDICIAL TERMS OF OFFICE 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Judicial Tenure and Retirement 141
3 Judicial Remuneration and the Struggle for Regular and
Adequate Adjustment of Judicial Salaries 143
4 Transfer of Judges 147
5 Temporary Assignment to Other Courts 148
11 THE CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION OF JUDGES 151
1 The Normative level 151
2 Fundamental Substantive Principles 155
a) The Rule Against Ad Hoc and Special Tribunals 155
b) The Exclusive Role of Ordinary Courts 156
c) Post-Decisional Independence of Judgments 156
d) Distinguishing Judges from Civil Servants 158
e) The Protection from Diminution of Judicial Terms of Office 159
f) Case Assignments and the Natural Judge Principle 160
x Justice in Israel
12 JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND OTHER FUNDAMENTAL VALUES
UNDERLYING THE JUSTICE SYSTEM: THE CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 165
1 Introduction 165
2 The Fundamental Values Underlying the Administration of Justice 166
a) Procedural Fairness 166
b) Efficiency 167
c) Accessibility 168
d) Public Confidence in the Court 169
e) Judicial Independence 174
3 The Theoretical Elements of Judicial Independence 177
4 Defining the Independence of the Judiciary 178
5 Definitions of Courts and Adjudication in Israeli
Legislative Perspective 183
6 Beyond the Resolution of Disputes: Judicial Statements Beyond
the Operative Judgments 187
13 SUBSTANTIVE INDEPENDENCE 189
1 Substantive Independence: General 189
2 Substantive Independence by Regulating the Judges Conduct 191
3 Substantive Independence and the Composition of the Courts 193
a) Court Panels 193
b) Composition of the Judiciary 193
c) Ideologically and Politically Sensitive Cases:
An Illustrative Selection 194
4 Mechanisms for Assuring Substantive Independence in Israel 201
a) Immunity 201
b) Sub judice Rule and Contempt of Court 204
5 Substantive Independence and Statutory Presumptions 208
14 PERSONAL INDEPENDENCE 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Judicial Tenure and Appointment 212
3 Temporary and Probationary Appointments 213
4 Temporary Assignment to Higher Courts 214
5 Transfer to Other Courts 215
6 Judicial Salaries 216
15 COLLECTIVE INDEPENDENCE 219
1 Introduction 219
2 Responsibility for Court Administration:
A Comparative Classification of Models 220
3 Analysis of the Israeli Model 222
Table of Contents xi
4 In Search of a Better Balance Between the Minister of Justice
and the President of the Supreme Court 223
5 The Boundaries of Executive Control over Judicial Administration 226
16 INTERNAL INDEPENDENCE 231
1 Defining Adjudication and its Distinct Components 231
2 The Permissible Limits of Administrative Supervision of Judges:
In General 233
3 The Principle of Precedent as a Legitimate Qualification to
Substantive Internal Independence 238
4 The Powers of the President of the Supreme Court 239
5 The Judicial Council 242
6 The Powers of District and Magistrates Court Presidents
Over Judges of the Courts 243
7 Judicial Consultation with Others During Deliberations 247
8 Judicial Procedures of Decision Making 249
9 Case Assignment Methods and Internal Independence 250
10 Administrative Orders by Superior Courts: The Case of Avitan 252
11 Validity and Legitimacy of Administrative Directives by the
Supreme Court President 254
17 SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES 257
1 Introduction 257
2 The Appointing Authorities: The Selection Committee and the
Process of Selection 258
3 Defects in the Appointment Procedure 265
4 Qualifications 267
5 Academic Lawyers as Judges 269
6 The Place of Minorities and Women on the Bench 270
7 Standards for Appointment 272
8 Special Problems Relative to the Supreme Court 277
9 The Appointment of Dayanim 279
10 The Appointment of Qadis 286
18 ACCOUNTABILITY OF JUDGES 289
1 Models of Accountability 289
2 The Mechanism of Judicial Accountability 290
a) Appellate Review 290
b) Disciplinary Supervision 295
c) Public Accountability 297
(i) The Knesset 297
(ii) The Press and Pressure Groups 300
xii Justice in Israel
(iii) Legal Restriction on Public Comment 301
d) Informal and Professional Controls 301
e) Civil and Criminal Liability 305
f) Removal for No Cause Under Section 7(4) Basic Law:
Adjudication 306
3 Limits on Accountability 306
4 Balancing Between Judicial Independence and Public
Accountability 307
19 STANDARDS OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT 311
1 Introduction 311
2 Judicial Conduct on the Bench 313
3 Judicial Behaviour Off the Bench 318
a) Political Activities of Judges 319
b) Public Appearances of Judges 325
c) Judicial Involvement in and Membership of Non-Political
Organizations 327
d) Judicial Involvement in Other Activities 329
e) Retired Judges 329
4 Proposal for a Judicial Ethics Council 330
5 Grounds for Judicial Discipline and Removal 331
2O THE JUDICIARY AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH 337
1 Introduction 337
2 Executive Control over Judicial Administration 339
3 Executive Interference in Judicial Proceedings 343
4 Executive Delegated Legislation Concerning Pending Cases 347
5 Pre-empting Judicial Decisions 348
6 Frustration of Judicial Decisions 353
7 Failing in the Execution of Judgements 360
8 The Attorney General and the Judiciary 363
9 Criticism of the Judiciary by Political Leaders 369
10 The Limits of the Power of Pardon 371
11 Associations between Judges and the Executive 376
12 Judicial Review of Executive Actions 382
13 Conclusion 387
21 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KNESSET AND THE COURTS 391
1 Introduction 391
2 Parliamentary Debates and Questions on the Judicial System 392
3 Parliamentary Debates on Specific Judges 397
4 Knesset Debates on Pending Cases 401
Table of Contents xiii
5 Knesset Role in Judicial Appointments and Composition of Court 407
6 Parliamentary Power to Determine Judicial Salaries 411
7 Legislative Reversals of Court Decisions 413
8 Legislative Responses to Judicial Decisions 418
9 Judicial Review of Parliamentary Actions 425
a) Judicial Review of Knesset Legislation 427
b) Judicial Review of Delegated Legislation of Knesset Committees 432
c) Judicial Review of Parliamentary Quasi-Judicial Actions 434
d) Judicial Review of Knesset Internal Proceedings 437
10 The Permissible Zone of Judicial Intervention in Parliamentary Affairs 442
11 Charting the Demarcation Lines between the Judiciary and the Knesset:
A Risky Fine Line 443
22 THE JUDICIAL ROLE IN SOCIETY 449
1 The Increasing Judicial Role in Israel 449
2 The Adjudication of Politically-Charged Cases 453
3 Judicial Role in a continuing State of Emergency: Judical Review of
Security Considerations 458
4 The Courts Attitude Towards Socio-Economic Rights 467
a) The Right to Equal Education 470
b) Workers Rights and the Right to Strike 473
5 Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint 481
6 Commissions of Inquiry 483
7 The Law in the Territories 488
8 The Judge s Role in the Conduct of Cases 493
23 EPILOGUE: JUDGES, LAW AND SOCIETY 497
1 Law and Society: Past Achievements and Future Challenges 497
2 Community Attitudes Towards the Law: Historical and Current
Perspectives 499
3 The Political Leadership and the Law 502
4 Executive and Legislative Intervention in the Justice System: The
Challenge of Maintaining Judicial Independence 507
5 Constitutional Protection of the Judiciary 515
6 Justice in Israel: A Time for Fine-Tuning of the Judicial Role 519
TABLE OF CASES 523
INDEX 533
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 549
|
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| spelling | Shetreet, Shimon 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)124255507 aut Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary by Shimon Shetreet Dordrecht [u.a.] Nijhoff 1994 XVII, 548 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Jerusalem Institute for Israeli studies COURTS unbist ISRAEL unbist JUDGES unbist JUDICIAL POWER unbist JUSTICE unbist Juges - Israël ram Justice - Administration - Israël ram Pouvoir judiciaire - Israël ram Rechterlijke macht gtt Rechtspleging gtt Tribunaux - Israël ram Justice, Administration of -- Israel Judicial power -- Israel Courts -- Israel Judges -- Israel Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 gnd rswk-swf Gerichtsverfassung (DE-588)4121347-6 gnd rswk-swf Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 gnd rswk-swf Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 g Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 s DE-604 Gerichtsverfassung (DE-588)4121347-6 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006480114&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Shetreet, Shimon 1946- Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary COURTS unbist ISRAEL unbist JUDGES unbist JUDICIAL POWER unbist JUSTICE unbist Juges - Israël ram Justice - Administration - Israël ram Pouvoir judiciaire - Israël ram Rechterlijke macht gtt Rechtspleging gtt Tribunaux - Israël ram Justice, Administration of -- Israel Judicial power -- Israel Courts -- Israel Judges -- Israel Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 gnd Gerichtsverfassung (DE-588)4121347-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049923-6 (DE-588)4121347-6 (DE-588)4027808-6 |
| title | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary |
| title_auth | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary |
| title_exact_search | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary |
| title_full | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary by Shimon Shetreet |
| title_fullStr | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary by Shimon Shetreet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Justice in Israel a study of the Israeli judiciary by Shimon Shetreet |
| title_short | Justice in Israel |
| title_sort | justice in israel a study of the israeli judiciary |
| title_sub | a study of the Israeli judiciary |
| topic | COURTS unbist ISRAEL unbist JUDGES unbist JUDICIAL POWER unbist JUSTICE unbist Juges - Israël ram Justice - Administration - Israël ram Pouvoir judiciaire - Israël ram Rechterlijke macht gtt Rechtspleging gtt Tribunaux - Israël ram Justice, Administration of -- Israel Judicial power -- Israel Courts -- Israel Judges -- Israel Richter (DE-588)4049923-6 gnd Gerichtsverfassung (DE-588)4121347-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | COURTS ISRAEL JUDGES JUDICIAL POWER JUSTICE Juges - Israël Justice - Administration - Israël Pouvoir judiciaire - Israël Rechterlijke macht Rechtspleging Tribunaux - Israël Justice, Administration of -- Israel Judicial power -- Israel Courts -- Israel Judges -- Israel Richter Gerichtsverfassung Israel |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006480114&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shetreetshimon justiceinisraelastudyoftheisraelijudiciary |